S. Tarikhazer, Elina J. Karimova, Iryna Y. Kuchinskaya
The recreational and tourist direction of Azerbaijan’s development planned the development of hard-to-reach mountainous areas, where construction of various engineering structures will be carried out. Mudflows are the most destructive geological processes, since mountain geosystems are characterized by favourable conditions for their occurrence – high seismicity (8–9 points), increased moisture (700 mm or more), intense weathering of rocks and accumulation of loose clastic material, etc. Thus, the territory of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus is classified as a mudflow hazardous area. This takes into account the areas of mudflow basins, the intensity of the passage of diverse mudflows, their quantitative characteristics, the conditions of formation, as well as the amount of damage caused to both the infrastructure and the residential complex. The purpose of article. The article considers the results of field ecogeomorphological studies on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, dedicated to the quantitative assessment of mudflow risk for the period from 1990 to 2020. The research methods. Large-scale topographic maps (Scale 1:100000) were used to assess the degree of mudflow risk on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus in order to obtain morphometric characteristics (including about the incline of the slopes, the length and shape of the slopes, the areas of mudflow cen- ters), as well as materials of interpretation of different-scale and different-time ASI. On the example of the basins of the mudflow-prone rivers Gusarchay and Velvelichaу, ASI M 1: 60000 1996-2020 from the Landsat satellite were used to determine the quantitative indi- cators of the areas of mudflow centers. The results of research: Based on the interpretation of the ASP within the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, according to the degree of danger of mudflow processes (the amount of removed material, the erosive effect of the flow on the valley, taking into account the occurrence of mudflows in tributaries and the basin as a whole, as well as the prevailing types and classes of mudflows, geomorphological conditions of formation, forming and the passage of mudflows and the statistical data on past mudflows), and on the actual and possible damage to the population from mudflows, a mudflow risk map was compiled on a 5-point scale. Conclusions. The reasons for the acceleration of the frequency of passage of destructive mudflows made up of dirt, stones and mud on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus are related to the degradation of high-mountain meadow and moun- tain forest landscapes of the Gudyalchay–Velvelichay, Davachichay–Atachay and other interfluves. Based on the decoding of the ASI from 1996–2020 from the Landsat satellite (M 1:60000) mudflow sources in the basins of the most mudflow-bearing rivers Gusarchay and Velvelichay for the period 1990–2020 were calculated. The research results will make it possible to use the
阿塞拜疆的休闲和旅游发展方向规划了难以到达的山区的发展，在那里将进行各种工程结构的建设。泥流是最具破坏性的地质过程，因为山地地质系统的特点是其发生的有利条件-高地震活动性(8-9点)，湿度增加(700毫米或更多)，岩石的强烈风化和松散碎屑物质的积累等。因此，大高加索东北坡境内被划为泥石流危险区。这要考虑到泥石流盆地的面积、各种泥石流的通过强度、数量特征、形成条件以及对基础设施和住宅区造成的损害程度。文章的目的。本文结合大高加索东北坡野外生态地貌研究成果，对1990 - 2020年的泥石流风险进行了定量评价。研究方法。利用比例尺1:10万的大高加索东北坡大比例尺地形图对大高加索东北坡泥石流风险程度进行评估，获得坡面倾斜度、坡面长度和形状、泥石流中心面积等形态计量学特征，以及不同比例尺、不同时间ASI的解释资料。以Gusarchay河和velvelichaluu河流域为例，利用1996-2020年Landsat卫星ASI M 1: 60000资料确定了泥石流中心区域的定量指标。研究结果:基于ASP的解释在东北坡大高加索,根据泥石流的危险程度过程(去除材料的数量,在山谷流的侵蚀破坏,考虑支流,流域泥石流的发生作为一个整体,以及泥石流的类型和类,地貌条件的生成,形成泥石流的流逝和过去泥石流)的统计数据,根据泥石流对人口造成的实际和可能的损害，编制了泥石流风险图，按5分制编制。结论。大高加索东北坡由土、石、泥组成的破坏性泥石流通过频率加快的原因与古迪亚恰伊-维利恰伊、达瓦恰伊-阿塔恰伊等支流的高山草甸和山地森林景观的退化有关。利用1996-2020年Landsat卫星(M 1:60000)的ASI解码，计算了1990-2020年古萨恰河和Velvelichay河流域最具含泥性的河流盆地的泥源。研究结果将有可能利用获得的数据制定一项方案，促进阿塞拜疆难以到达的山区地质系统的安全和可持续功能和发展，以促进娱乐和旅游发展。
{"title":"Quantitative assessment of mudflow risk in the Greater Caucasus of Azerbaijan (on the example of the northeastern slope)","authors":"S. Tarikhazer, Elina J. Karimova, Iryna Y. Kuchinskaya","doi":"10.15421/112268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112268","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The recreational and tourist direction of Azerbaijan’s development planned the development of hard-to-reach mountainous areas, where construction of various engineering structures will be carried out. Mudflows are the most destructive geological processes, since mountain geosystems are characterized by favourable conditions for their occurrence – high seismicity (8–9 points), increased moisture (700 mm or more), intense weathering of rocks and accumulation of loose clastic material, etc. Thus, the territory of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus is classified as a mudflow hazardous area. This takes into account the areas of mudflow basins, the intensity of the passage of diverse mudflows, their quantitative characteristics, the conditions of formation, as well as the amount of damage caused to both the infrastructure and the residential complex. The purpose of article. The article considers the results of field ecogeomorphological studies on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, dedicated to the quantitative assessment of mudflow risk for the period from 1990 to 2020. The research methods. Large-scale topographic maps (Scale 1:100000) were used to assess the degree of mudflow risk on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus in order to obtain morphometric characteristics (including about the incline of the slopes, the length and shape of the slopes, the areas of mudflow cen- ters), as well as materials of interpretation of different-scale and different-time ASI. On the example of the basins of the mudflow-prone rivers Gusarchay and Velvelichaу, ASI M 1: 60000 1996-2020 from the Landsat satellite were used to determine the quantitative indi- cators of the areas of mudflow centers. The results of research: Based on the interpretation of the ASP within the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, according to the degree of danger of mudflow processes (the amount of removed material, the erosive effect of the flow on the valley, taking into account the occurrence of mudflows in tributaries and the basin as a whole, as well as the prevailing types and classes of mudflows, geomorphological conditions of formation, forming and the passage of mudflows and the statistical data on past mudflows), and on the actual and possible damage to the population from mudflows, a mudflow risk map was compiled on a 5-point scale. Conclusions. The reasons for the acceleration of the frequency of passage of destructive mudflows made up of dirt, stones and mud on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus are related to the degradation of high-mountain meadow and moun- tain forest landscapes of the Gudyalchay–Velvelichay, Davachichay–Atachay and other interfluves. Based on the decoding of the ASI from 1996–2020 from the Landsat satellite (M 1:60000) mudflow sources in the basins of the most mudflow-bearing rivers Gusarchay and Velvelichay for the period 1990–2020 were calculated. The research results will make it possible to use the ","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74058125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We emphasize the importance of complex human-geographical researches of the processes of transformation of the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine at the level of administrative districts to provide harmonic and balanced development of the Oblast. We revealed the human-geographical essence of the notion of region capacity. We analyzed the methods of distinguishing and type classification of regional statistical units, adopted in the EU countries, concluding about their adaptation in the Ukrainian realities taking into account the parameters of financial capacities, i.e. the abilities to use local revenues to fulfill local needs. The existing districts of Lviv Oblast were analyzed according to area of the territory, population, population density, level of urbanization, emphasizing their inequalities that puts them on different starting positions for their functioning. Based on the official statistics of the Ministry of Communities and Territories Development of Ukraine (Decentralization portal), we estimated averaged parameters of financial capacity of administrative districts of Lviv Oblast. In particular, we analyzed the share of local taxes in the revenue part of the budget of the general fund, revenue of the general fund per unit area; in the calculation per one person – revenue of the general fund, basic and reverse subsidies (i.e. those given to local governments from the state government and those provided by the local government to the state government for purpose of equalization of taxation capacity), revenue from excise, consolidated tax, land rent. We calculated variation coefficients of indicators of financial capacity of administrative districts, determined inequalities between the districts, especially regarding basic and reverse subsidies. By ranking, we type-classified the administrative districts according to financial capacity (the ability to use local resources to solve local problems): with high capacity (Lviv district), average capacity (Drohobych, Zolochiv, Stryi, Chervonohrad, Yavoriv districts), low capacity (Sambir district). In the context of administrative units, we developed diagrams of local taxes and charges (excise, consolidated tax, land rent). We came up with practical recommendations on how to improve the subregional administrative-territorial division of Lviv Oblast, in particular, we suggested designating Lviv metro- politan district within the Lviv agglomeration, including Lviv district. In the strategy of social-economic development of administrative districts, we proposed taking into account the results of analysis of financial capacity of their current state of functioning. We concluded that inequality of districts requires special, non-unified approaches so as to design programs of social-economic growth. We emphasize the necessity of correlating the National Statistics with the Statistics of EU countries regarding the regional development.
{"title":"On the problem of financial capacities of administrative districts of Lviv Oblast","authors":"Myroslava Vlakh, Iryna Vanda, L. Kotyk","doi":"10.15421/112271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112271","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000We emphasize the importance of complex human-geographical researches of the processes of transformation of the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine at the level of administrative districts to provide harmonic and balanced development of the Oblast. We revealed the human-geographical essence of the notion of region capacity. We analyzed the methods of distinguishing and type classification of regional statistical units, adopted in the EU countries, concluding about their adaptation in the Ukrainian realities taking into account the parameters of financial capacities, i.e. the abilities to use local revenues to fulfill local needs. The existing districts of Lviv Oblast were analyzed according to area of the territory, population, population density, level of urbanization, emphasizing their inequalities that puts them on different starting positions for their functioning. Based on the official statistics of the Ministry of Communities and Territories Development of Ukraine (Decentralization portal), we estimated averaged parameters of financial capacity of administrative districts of Lviv Oblast. In particular, we analyzed the share of local taxes in the revenue part of the budget of the general fund, revenue of the general fund per unit area; in the calculation per one person – revenue of the general fund, basic and reverse subsidies (i.e. those given to local governments from the state government and those provided by the local government to the state government for purpose of equalization of taxation capacity), revenue from excise, consolidated tax, land rent. We calculated variation coefficients of indicators of financial capacity of administrative districts, determined inequalities between the districts, especially regarding basic and reverse subsidies. By ranking, we type-classified the administrative districts according to financial capacity (the ability to use local resources to solve local problems): with high capacity (Lviv district), average capacity (Drohobych, Zolochiv, Stryi, Chervonohrad, Yavoriv districts), low capacity (Sambir district). In the context of administrative units, we developed diagrams of local taxes and charges (excise, consolidated tax, land rent). We came up with practical recommendations on how to improve the subregional administrative-territorial division of Lviv Oblast, in particular, we suggested designating Lviv metro- politan district within the Lviv agglomeration, including Lviv district. In the strategy of social-economic development of administrative districts, we proposed taking into account the results of analysis of financial capacity of their current state of functioning. We concluded that inequality of districts requires special, non-unified approaches so as to design programs of social-economic growth. We emphasize the necessity of correlating the National Statistics with the Statistics of EU countries regarding the regional development. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85943025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Matviichuk, M. Lepkyi, Yuliia Y. Dashchuk, Svitlana V. Sydoruk, I. Mezentseva
Changes in the tourism sector are the reasons for the development and implementation of adequate approaches to formation of unique enogastronomic tourist routes, related to the use of geographical indication system as a means of individualizing subjects of tourism. Currently, there are counterfeit tourism products labeled with well-known names of geographical regional objects. The significance of the geographical indications in enogastronomic tourism becomes increasingly apparent in terms of intense competition between the regions in the country and on the international tourism market. The objective of the research was to develop theoretical and methodological foundations, scientific and practical recommendations for creating a formation approach to enogastronomic tourist routes based on the geographical indication system. In the research, we used the comprehensive method- ological approach, based on the application of the following research methods: generalization and systematization (to determine the essentials of geographical indications); calculation and analytical (to analyze the conditions of geographical indications registration); process approach (for development of new enogastronomic tourist routes); program-targeted approach (for the algorithm of formation of enogastronomic tourist routes); tabular methods (for presentation of the material). We analyzed the definition of «ethnographic tourism», identified the key problems of registration of geographical indications in Ukraine, proposing a formation approach to enogas- tronomic tourist routes based on the system of geographical indications. In our study, we considered using the European experience in the effective implementation of geographical indications in the Ukrainian regions. The formation approach to enogastronomic tourist routes based on the geographical indications system is proposed, which allows combining national history and culture, traditions of preparing local dishes and drinks, presenting them as a complex tourist product of a certain region.
{"title":"Approach to formation of enogastronomic tourism based on the geographical indication system","authors":"L. Matviichuk, M. Lepkyi, Yuliia Y. Dashchuk, Svitlana V. Sydoruk, I. Mezentseva","doi":"10.15421/112265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112265","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Changes in the tourism sector are the reasons for the development and implementation of adequate approaches to formation of unique enogastronomic tourist routes, related to the use of geographical indication system as a means of individualizing subjects of tourism. Currently, there are counterfeit tourism products labeled with well-known names of geographical regional objects. The significance of the geographical indications in enogastronomic tourism becomes increasingly apparent in terms of intense competition between the regions in the country and on the international tourism market. The objective of the research was to develop theoretical and methodological foundations, scientific and practical recommendations for creating a formation approach to enogastronomic tourist routes based on the geographical indication system. In the research, we used the comprehensive method- ological approach, based on the application of the following research methods: generalization and systematization (to determine the essentials of geographical indications); calculation and analytical (to analyze the conditions of geographical indications registration); process approach (for development of new enogastronomic tourist routes); program-targeted approach (for the algorithm of formation of enogastronomic tourist routes); tabular methods (for presentation of the material). We analyzed the definition of «ethnographic tourism», identified the key problems of registration of geographical indications in Ukraine, proposing a formation approach to enogas- tronomic tourist routes based on the system of geographical indications. In our study, we considered using the European experience in the effective implementation of geographical indications in the Ukrainian regions. The formation approach to enogastronomic tourist routes based on the geographical indications system is proposed, which allows combining national history and culture, traditions of preparing local dishes and drinks, presenting them as a complex tourist product of a certain region. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86953009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luitel Keshar Kumar, V. Thirukumaran, Luitel Homnath
Estimation of soil overburden and depth of competent strata for construction of infrastructures in hilly terrain is a challenging job for engineers. Modern technologies like Electrical Resistivity Survey (ERS) techniques with site geological mapping have been carried out at the ridge area near Palace, Gangtok. Two independent 2D-electrical resistivity surveys profile sections using hybrid Schlumberger-Wenner method were conducted along the ridge line trending in the North-South direction. The ERS profile sections were taken on both the slopes of the ridge along its eastern and western flanks. With the collective information from field and geo-technical data, a comparatively stable slope has been identified with respect to geological conditions in the present work, which focuses on the vulnerable slope failure with respect to slope direction, local geological condition, depth of competent strata, thickness of soil overburden, water saturation zones and resistivity of the materials. Diamond core drilling of 15meters each was carried out at both the flanks of the slope to understand the sub-surface strata and correlate it with resistivity data generated by ERS survey. The result indicates that Sandy/silty soil with flakes of mica having resistivity of 107 ohm-m and weathered mica schist having resistivity more than 300 ohm-m in the present study area. Geological mapping in 1:3000 scale was carried in the area demarcation with various litho-units and rock type. The area is characterized by medium grade metamorphic rock sequence represented in the area by mica schist having dip of foliations towards NE direction and three sets of joint planes. The geometry of the rock orientation and slope direction plays a vital role for determining the overall stability condition of the area. The present study will provide technical input for structural engineers to design the structures in such geological conditions. Further, the thickness of overburden estimated from ERS has been validated by drilling data.
{"title":"Estimation of soil overburden thickness/depth of rock strata using geo-physical survey at Himalayan region","authors":"Luitel Keshar Kumar, V. Thirukumaran, Luitel Homnath","doi":"10.15421/112262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112262","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Estimation of soil overburden and depth of competent strata for construction of infrastructures in hilly terrain is a challenging job for engineers. Modern technologies like Electrical Resistivity Survey (ERS) techniques with site geological mapping have been carried out at the ridge area near Palace, Gangtok. Two independent 2D-electrical resistivity surveys profile sections using hybrid Schlumberger-Wenner method were conducted along the ridge line trending in the North-South direction. The ERS profile sections were taken on both the slopes of the ridge along its eastern and western flanks. With the collective information from field and geo-technical data, a comparatively stable slope has been identified with respect to geological conditions in the present work, which focuses on the vulnerable slope failure with respect to slope direction, local geological condition, depth of competent strata, thickness of soil overburden, water saturation zones and resistivity of the materials. Diamond core drilling of 15meters each was carried out at both the flanks of the slope to understand the sub-surface strata and correlate it with resistivity data generated by ERS survey. The result indicates that Sandy/silty soil with flakes of mica having resistivity of 107 ohm-m and weathered mica schist having resistivity more than 300 ohm-m in the present study area. Geological mapping in 1:3000 scale was carried in the area demarcation with various litho-units and rock type. The area is characterized by medium grade metamorphic rock sequence represented in the area by mica schist having dip of foliations towards NE direction and three sets of joint planes. The geometry of the rock orientation and slope direction plays a vital role for determining the overall stability condition of the area. The present study will provide technical input for structural engineers to design the structures in such geological conditions. Further, the thickness of overburden estimated from ERS has been validated by drilling data. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87691243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyzed the conditions of the formation and stages of mineralization of the Pyazbashi gold-sulfide-quartz deposits. The deposits were determined to contain three structural-morphologic types of ore bodies: gold-quartz-sulfide – veinular, gold-bearing veins and the strip of gold-bearing metasomatites. We determined that in the deposits, quartz-pytire, quartz-carbonate and carbonate veins with gold and polymetal mineralization are confined to the volcanic-tectonic structures. Those volcanic-tectonic structures have various fracture systems, are complicated and have been inherited by later changes that occurred after the formation of the Lower and Middle Eocene volcanogenic complexes, and some of them have been embedded again. We de- termined that gold ore mineralization in the deposits is related to various hydrothermal-metasomatic formations and has developed in complex multy-stage process. Interaction of various veins and minerals that comprise them allow us to assume the following pattern in the sequence of the mineralization stages (from early stage to later stages): 1-quartz-sericite; 2-quartz-pyrite-molybdenum; 3-quartz- pyrite-gold ore; 4-quartz-polymetal; 5-carbonate. Gold-ore bodies are mainly complicated by aggregates of quartz-pyrite-gold ore stage of mineralization, which is the productive stage. We present the results of chemical analysis of native pyrite and chalcopyrite. We determined that native gold occurs as small, regular-shaped bodies in pyrite grains. In the veinlets of chalcopyrite, it is usually confined to marginal parts.
{"title":"Conditions of formation and stages of mineralization of the Pyazbashi gold-sulfide-quartz deposits (Leser Caucasus, Azerbaijan)","authors":"M. Mansurov, U. Kerimli","doi":"10.15421/112264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112264","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000We analyzed the conditions of the formation and stages of mineralization of the Pyazbashi gold-sulfide-quartz deposits. The deposits were determined to contain three structural-morphologic types of ore bodies: gold-quartz-sulfide – veinular, gold-bearing veins and the strip of gold-bearing metasomatites. We determined that in the deposits, quartz-pytire, quartz-carbonate and carbonate veins with gold and polymetal mineralization are confined to the volcanic-tectonic structures. Those volcanic-tectonic structures have various fracture systems, are complicated and have been inherited by later changes that occurred after the formation of the Lower and Middle Eocene volcanogenic complexes, and some of them have been embedded again. We de- termined that gold ore mineralization in the deposits is related to various hydrothermal-metasomatic formations and has developed in complex multy-stage process. Interaction of various veins and minerals that comprise them allow us to assume the following pattern in the sequence of the mineralization stages (from early stage to later stages): 1-quartz-sericite; 2-quartz-pyrite-molybdenum; 3-quartz- pyrite-gold ore; 4-quartz-polymetal; 5-carbonate. Gold-ore bodies are mainly complicated by aggregates of quartz-pyrite-gold ore stage of mineralization, which is the productive stage. We present the results of chemical analysis of native pyrite and chalcopyrite. We determined that native gold occurs as small, regular-shaped bodies in pyrite grains. In the veinlets of chalcopyrite, it is usually confined to marginal parts. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73321921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gold deposits in the Beltau-Kuramin volcano-plutonic belt (Eastern Uzbekistan) are traditionally considered mineral products of the volcanogenic-hydrothermal class of shallow formations. However, geological, geochemical, isotope-geochemical and precise thermo- barogeochemical studies of the physical and chemical conditions of their formation give reason to question their shallow nature. Comparison of the thermobaric conditions of ore-genesis, the chemical composition of the fluid’s aqueous and gas phases, the value of the paleotemperature gradient (ΔT/100 m) of the hydrothermal solutions of the Kochbulak and Kyzil-Alma deposits with those belonging to the medium-depth formation of the plutonic-hydrothermal class (Lyahov, 1988; Lyahov, Pavlun, Piznyur, Popivnyak, 1995) shows that there are much more similarities than differences with genotypic deposits of medium depths. Signs that call into question the shallow nature of gold deposits in the Beltau-Kuramin volcanic-plutonic belt include the following: interspersion of gold ore process and dike magmatism; high-medium temperature level of hydrothermal processes (> 390–200 °С); relatively high pressure in the mineral formation system (from 40 to > 58 MPa); a high content of Na+ and Cl– ions in solutions of fluid inclusions according to the data of triple water extractions and a significant predominance of Na+ over K+ (by two to five times); high and predominant content in the gas phase of the productive stage solutions of CO2 (up to 97 %) and CH4 (up to 45%); the presence in fluid inclusions at room temperature of a liquid phase of CO2 of relatively high density (up to 0.560 g/cm3); high purity of native gold of early generations; exclusively electronic electrical conductivity of galena; relatively insignificant paleotemperature gradient (ΔТ/100 m) in ore bodies of different morphology (15–20 °С/100 m for vein structures and 9–12 °С/100 m for ore-explosive ones). Geological data indicate a large erosion section of ore-conjugated morphostructures, which is at least 2000–2500 m, depending on the depression or domed nature of the volcanic morphostructures. At shallow depths of the formation of the syn-ore paleosurface, the gold deposits would have been completely eroded, while in the modern erosion section there is a large scale of vertical mineralization. Ore-formation correlation of gold deposits in Eastern Uzbekistan increases the prospect of deep horizons of these deposits, as well as gold-bearing areas and ore occurrences, where prospecting and evaluation work will be carried out.
{"title":"On the ore-formational affiliation of gold deposits of the Beltau-Kuramin volcano-plutonic belt in Eastern Uzbekistan (according to thermobarogeochemical data)","authors":"M. Pavlun","doi":"10.15421/112266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112266","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Gold deposits in the Beltau-Kuramin volcano-plutonic belt (Eastern Uzbekistan) are traditionally considered mineral products of the volcanogenic-hydrothermal class of shallow formations. However, geological, geochemical, isotope-geochemical and precise thermo- barogeochemical studies of the physical and chemical conditions of their formation give reason to question their shallow nature. Comparison of the thermobaric conditions of ore-genesis, the chemical composition of the fluid’s aqueous and gas phases, the value of the paleotemperature gradient (ΔT/100 m) of the hydrothermal solutions of the Kochbulak and Kyzil-Alma deposits with those belonging to the medium-depth formation of the plutonic-hydrothermal class (Lyahov, 1988; Lyahov, Pavlun, Piznyur, Popivnyak, 1995) shows that there are much more similarities than differences with genotypic deposits of medium depths. Signs that call into question the shallow nature of gold deposits in the Beltau-Kuramin volcanic-plutonic belt include the following: interspersion of gold ore process and dike magmatism; high-medium temperature level of hydrothermal processes (> 390–200 °С); relatively high pressure in the mineral formation system (from 40 to > 58 MPa); a high content of Na+ and Cl– ions in solutions of fluid inclusions according to the data of triple water extractions and a significant predominance of Na+ over K+ (by two to five times); high and predominant content in the gas phase of the productive stage solutions of CO2 (up to 97 %) and CH4 (up to 45%); the presence in fluid inclusions at room temperature of a liquid phase of CO2 of relatively high density (up to 0.560 g/cm3); high purity of native gold of early generations; exclusively electronic electrical conductivity of galena; relatively insignificant paleotemperature gradient (ΔТ/100 m) in ore bodies of different morphology (15–20 °С/100 m for vein structures and 9–12 °С/100 m for ore-explosive ones). Geological data indicate a large erosion section of ore-conjugated morphostructures, which is at least 2000–2500 m, depending on the depression or domed nature of the volcanic morphostructures. At shallow depths of the formation of the syn-ore paleosurface, the gold deposits would have been completely eroded, while in the modern erosion section there is a large scale of vertical mineralization. Ore-formation correlation of gold deposits in Eastern Uzbekistan increases the prospect of deep horizons of these deposits, as well as gold-bearing areas and ore occurrences, where prospecting and evaluation work will be carried out. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84862190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An attempt has been made to map groundwater potential zones by integration of spatial data using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The input data for this analysis are different parameters that can be considered in identifying the groundwater potential zone, such as drainage density, geology, slope, lineament density, geomorphology, land use / land cover and soil, generated using remote sensing, topographical and secondary data. These parameters are converted to raster format and assigned scores and weightings computed from multi influencing factor (MIF) technique. The weighted parameters are statistically computed and integrated to obtain the groundwater potential zones in the Varattar sub basin. The final integrated groundwater potential zones are classified into five categories like very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The delineated groundwater potential map is validated with the well location data using the R-index method. This groundwater potential zone map will be useful for extraction and manage- ment of groundwater in the study area.
{"title":"Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones using geospatial techniques in the Varattar sub-basin, Dharmapuri district, South India","authors":"P. Mahanuradha, Aran P. Pragadeesw","doi":"10.15421/112263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112263","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000An attempt has been made to map groundwater potential zones by integration of spatial data using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The input data for this analysis are different parameters that can be considered in identifying the groundwater potential zone, such as drainage density, geology, slope, lineament density, geomorphology, land use / land cover and soil, generated using remote sensing, topographical and secondary data. These parameters are converted to raster format and assigned scores and weightings computed from multi influencing factor (MIF) technique. The weighted parameters are statistically computed and integrated to obtain the groundwater potential zones in the Varattar sub basin. The final integrated groundwater potential zones are classified into five categories like very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The delineated groundwater potential map is validated with the well location data using the R-index method. This groundwater potential zone map will be useful for extraction and manage- ment of groundwater in the study area. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83783713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article has been devoted to one of the largest deposits of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus – the Filizchay pyrite-polymetallic deposit. It has been found that the main morphology peculiarity of the pyrite-polymetallic deposit of the Filizchay deposit is that it is a single, compact sheet-like body composed mainly (at 90-95%) by the aggregates of the sulfide ores which are based on pyrite, sphalerite, galena and to a far lesser extent chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The carbonate minerals played a subordinate role in the deposit composition and quartz, sericite and chlorite – even less. The pyrite –polymetalic ores of the deposit are characterized by the following main mineralogical-textural varieties of ores: layered-bedded pyrite-polymetallic, massive sulfur-pyrite, massive pyrite-polymetallic, spotted-disseminated pyrite-polymetallic and vein-disseminated pyrite-polymetallic. The vein-disseminated ores are adjacent to the deposit on the footwall and are considered as independent bodies. Two industrial-techno- logical types of ores, oxidized and pyrite-polymetallic, have been distinguished at the deposit. The latter is in turn divided into two grades: mixed and primary ores. These three varieties of ores differ in the content of the oxidized lead forms. The ores with a content of the oxidized lead speciation above 60% have been classed as oxidized ores, those from 20% to 60% as mixed and those below 20% as primary. The Filizchay deposit consists of thin-bedded massive sulfides with shales, siltstones or sandstones interbeds («ore flysch») which have been formed exclusively or mainly as a result of the exhalative processes on the seabed and differ from massive sulfide deposits in volcanic rocks. On the basis of this and also according to the geological structure, the reserves of the valuable Zn + Pb components of the deposit belong to the SEDEX type that is the most important source of lead, zinc and silver. The deposit had been developing for a long time starting from the period of sedimentation and up to the ore’s formation of the copper-pyrrhotite stage. The lower age limit of the mineralization is determined by the presence of the hydrothermal-sedimentary ores of the Upper Pliensbachian. The upper age limit is established by the presence of the pebbles of the hydrothermally altered rocks and by their sulfide ores in the conglomerates underlying the deposits of the lower parts of the Upper Jurassic.
{"title":"Filizchay pyrite-polymetallic deposit (the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus) – as a typical representative of the SEDEX type pyrite deposits","authors":"N. Imamverdiyev, Nigar A. Sattar-zade","doi":"10.15421/112260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112260","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The article has been devoted to one of the largest deposits of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus – the Filizchay pyrite-polymetallic deposit. It has been found that the main morphology peculiarity of the pyrite-polymetallic deposit of the Filizchay deposit is that it is a single, compact sheet-like body composed mainly (at 90-95%) by the aggregates of the sulfide ores which are based on pyrite, sphalerite, galena and to a far lesser extent chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The carbonate minerals played a subordinate role in the deposit composition and quartz, sericite and chlorite – even less. The pyrite –polymetalic ores of the deposit are characterized by the following main mineralogical-textural varieties of ores: layered-bedded pyrite-polymetallic, massive sulfur-pyrite, massive pyrite-polymetallic, spotted-disseminated pyrite-polymetallic and vein-disseminated pyrite-polymetallic. The vein-disseminated ores are adjacent to the deposit on the footwall and are considered as independent bodies. Two industrial-techno- logical types of ores, oxidized and pyrite-polymetallic, have been distinguished at the deposit. The latter is in turn divided into two grades: mixed and primary ores. These three varieties of ores differ in the content of the oxidized lead forms. The ores with a content of the oxidized lead speciation above 60% have been classed as oxidized ores, those from 20% to 60% as mixed and those below 20% as primary. The Filizchay deposit consists of thin-bedded massive sulfides with shales, siltstones or sandstones interbeds («ore flysch») which have been formed exclusively or mainly as a result of the exhalative processes on the seabed and differ from massive sulfide deposits in volcanic rocks. On the basis of this and also according to the geological structure, the reserves of the valuable Zn + Pb components of the deposit belong to the SEDEX type that is the most important source of lead, zinc and silver. The deposit had been developing for a long time starting from the period of sedimentation and up to the ore’s formation of the copper-pyrrhotite stage. The lower age limit of the mineralization is determined by the presence of the hydrothermal-sedimentary ores of the Upper Pliensbachian. The upper age limit is established by the presence of the pebbles of the hydrothermally altered rocks and by their sulfide ores in the conglomerates underlying the deposits of the lower parts of the Upper Jurassic. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87022994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with natural conditions and present landscape of the Aghgol National park (Aghgol Ramsar Area). The work has been based on author’s field research and respective scientific materials. A large-scale landscape map of the mentioned national park has been compiled together for the first time with distinctive features of landscape types and kinds. Aghgol, situated in the Mil plain of the Kur-Araz lowlands has a semi-desert landscape and is an important overwintering and nesting place for birds. In the dry areas of the National Park, grass-swamp, gray-grass, saline and silicified grass-swamp, saline and silicified gray-grass soils are widespread. Its largest part is the Lake Aghgol, an internationally recognized area of global importance which was declared as Important Bird Area (IBA) when it was placed in the list of Ramsar wetlands of international importance in 2001. The Aghgol national park was founded on the basis of Aghgol natural reserve, Aghgol state preserve and adjoining territories under a decree of the President of the Azerbaijan Republic dated July 5, 2003. The main purpose of the creation of Aghgol National Park is to protect important wetlands, the semi-desert landscape characteristic of that area, endangered species of fauna living in and around the lake, to reintroduce some species of fauna characteristic of the area to their former territories, as well as to monitor the environment, to ensure the ecological education of the population and the development of ecotourism. The lake is mostly surrounded by reeds. The park is designed to protect the marshy ecological system, as the nesting and wintering places of migratory and water birds. Aghgol has been incorporated into the list of UNESCO’s convention «On internationally important marshy areas as the residing places of birds».
{"title":"Landscape of the Aghgol Ramsar area","authors":"Tahir O. Ibrahimov, Numuna K. Nagiyeva","doi":"10.15421/112259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112259","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The article deals with natural conditions and present landscape of the Aghgol National park (Aghgol Ramsar Area). The work has been based on author’s field research and respective scientific materials. A large-scale landscape map of the mentioned national park has been compiled together for the first time with distinctive features of landscape types and kinds. Aghgol, situated in the Mil plain of the Kur-Araz lowlands has a semi-desert landscape and is an important overwintering and nesting place for birds. In the dry areas of the National Park, grass-swamp, gray-grass, saline and silicified grass-swamp, saline and silicified gray-grass soils are widespread. Its largest part is the Lake Aghgol, an internationally recognized area of global importance which was declared as Important Bird Area (IBA) when it was placed in the list of Ramsar wetlands of international importance in 2001. The Aghgol national park was founded on the basis of Aghgol natural reserve, Aghgol state preserve and adjoining territories under a decree of the President of the Azerbaijan Republic dated July 5, 2003. The main purpose of the creation of Aghgol National Park is to protect important wetlands, the semi-desert landscape characteristic of that area, endangered species of fauna living in and around the lake, to reintroduce some species of fauna characteristic of the area to their former territories, as well as to monitor the environment, to ensure the ecological education of the population and the development of ecotourism. The lake is mostly surrounded by reeds. The park is designed to protect the marshy ecological system, as the nesting and wintering places of migratory and water birds. Aghgol has been incorporated into the list of UNESCO’s convention «On internationally important marshy areas as the residing places of birds». \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75243073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article represents the outcomes of our study materials on the branch of technogenic transformation of landscapes based on scientific methods. We have analyzed landscape ele- ments, such as relief, climate, vegetation, dynamics of forests, precipitations and etc. We classify the anthropogenic activities in the study area. Consequently, we have determined risks and problems in the landscapes of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea due to human impact. Transformation characterizes of Salyan and Lankaran, South-eastern Shirvan plains due to anthropogenic effects have been researched in the article. Dynamic analyzes of old and modern topo maps, satellite images, surveys of older people let to determine transformation degrees and development levels of natural and natural-an- thropogenic landscapes. Ecosystems of the protected areas are compared with landscapes undergoing anthropogenic impacts based on the analogy method. NDVI, dynamic of technogenic landscapes, forest ecosystem maps allow the creation of an anthropogenic transformation map of the study area. We divided the investigation into 5 parts due to the transformation degrees: unchanged landscapes that retain their natural structure, poorly transformed landscapes, medium transformed landscapes, strongly transformed landscapes, natural-technogenic landscapes. Risks and hazards are then assessed. We have prepared a system of measures to overcome environmental risks and hazards.
{"title":"Anthropogenic transformation of landscapes in arid climate conditions and their risks","authors":"M. Ismayilov","doi":"10.15421/112261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112261","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The article represents the outcomes of our study materials on the branch of technogenic transformation of landscapes based on scientific methods. We have analyzed landscape ele- ments, such as relief, climate, vegetation, dynamics of forests, precipitations and etc. We classify the anthropogenic activities in the study area. Consequently, we have determined risks and problems in the landscapes of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea due to human impact. Transformation characterizes of Salyan and Lankaran, South-eastern Shirvan plains due to anthropogenic effects have been researched in the article. Dynamic analyzes of old and modern topo maps, satellite images, surveys of older people let to determine transformation degrees and development levels of natural and natural-an- thropogenic landscapes. Ecosystems of the protected areas are compared with landscapes undergoing anthropogenic impacts based on the analogy method. NDVI, dynamic of technogenic landscapes, forest ecosystem maps allow the creation of an anthropogenic transformation map of the study area. We divided the investigation into 5 parts due to the transformation degrees: unchanged landscapes that retain their natural structure, poorly transformed landscapes, medium transformed landscapes, strongly transformed landscapes, natural-technogenic landscapes. Risks and hazards are then assessed. We have prepared a system of measures to overcome environmental risks and hazards. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75025789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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