Recently a great many researches and studies on the development of groundwater resources in foreign lands have been made in our country, but many of them are unpublished under all circumstances. Accordingly our country is behind other advanced nations in offering technicues on a high level and research data for groundwater resources. This paper presents a method of recharging water through the physiographic effects of the dunes in the Netherlands, which is one of the most advanced nations in that field, as an excellent case of developing groundwater resources in foreign countries. The deficiency of drinking water in Amsterdam gives an example of the unfavourable water conditions in the Netherlands, though the city is apparently rich in water resources. In order to solve this problem, the dune water recharge system, which supplies fresh water, has been developed. In the dunes the fresh water from natural precipitation gradually ousts the salt water because the gravity of the former is lower than that of the latter (Veen and Huizinga, 1976). The dune water recharge area has an area of 36 km2 and about 55, 000, 000m3of the Rhine water is percolated there annually. As the annual recharge from precipitation there is 13, 000, 000m3, the total supply of water in the area is about 68, 000, 000m3. The dune water recharge system contains such installations as distribution pond, river water canal, recharge ponds, collection canals, filtered draining conduits, artesian wells, non-artesian wells, etc. Passing through those installations, the water goes to the indoor provision for purification. The total production of water in this plant is 62. 9 million m3 (1975). 立正大学地理学教室, Department of Geography, Rissho University , Tokyo, Japan.
近年来，我国对国外地下水资源开发进行了大量的研究和研究，但其中很多都是在各种情况下未发表的。因此，我国在提供地下水资源的高水平技术和研究数据方面落后于其他发达国家。本文介绍了利用荷兰沙丘地貌效应进行补水的方法，作为国外开发地下水资源的一个优秀案例。荷兰是该领域最先进的国家之一。阿姆斯特丹缺乏饮用水是荷兰水资源条件不利的一个例子，尽管这座城市显然拥有丰富的水资源。为了解决这一问题，开发了提供淡水的沙丘补水系统。在沙丘中，由于自然降水的淡水比盐水的重力小，淡水逐渐排挤盐水(Veen and Huizinga, 1976)。沙丘水补给区面积为36平方公里，每年约有55000万立方米的莱茵河水在那里渗透。由于该地区年降水补给量为13000m3，因此该地区的总供水量约为68000m3。沙丘补水系统包括配水池、河道水渠、补水池、收集渠、过滤排水管道、自流井、非自流井等设施。通过这些装置，水进入室内进行净化。这个工厂的总产量是62。900万立方米(1975年)。日本东京立正大学地理系
{"title":"On Artificial Groundwater Recharge at Dune Area in the Netherlands (Part 1)","authors":"H. Takamura","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.24.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.24.1","url":null,"abstract":"Recently a great many researches and studies on the development of groundwater resources in foreign lands have been made in our country, but many of them are unpublished under all circumstances. Accordingly our country is behind other advanced nations in offering technicues on a high level and research data for groundwater resources. <BR> This paper presents a method of recharging water through the physiographic effects of the dunes in the Netherlands, which is one of the most advanced nations in that field, as an excellent case of developing groundwater resources in foreign countries. <BR> The deficiency of drinking water in Amsterdam gives an example of the unfavourable water conditions in the Netherlands, though the city is apparently rich in water resources. In order to solve this problem, the dune water recharge system, which supplies fresh water, has been developed. In the dunes the fresh water from natural precipitation gradually ousts the salt water because the gravity of the former is lower than that of the latter (Veen and Huizinga, 1976). <BR> The dune water recharge area has an area of 36 km<SUP>2</SUP> and about 55, 000, 000m<SUP>3</SUP>of the Rhine water is percolated there annually. As the annual recharge from precipitation there is 13, 000, 000m<SUP>3</SUP>, the total supply of water in the area is about 68, 000, 000m<SUP>3</SUP>. <BR> The dune water recharge system contains such installations as distribution pond, river water canal, recharge ponds, collection canals, filtered draining conduits, artesian wells, non-artesian wells, etc. Passing through those installations, the water goes to the indoor provision for purification. The total production of water in this plant is 62. 9 million m<SUP>3</SUP> (1975). 立正大学地理学教室, Department of Geography, Rissho University , Tokyo, Japan.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125272669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on the Salt Contamination of Groundwater at the Coastal Area in Chiba City","authors":"H. Takamura, K. Mori","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.18.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.18.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121460660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some constructions of the groundwater reservoir are projected in order to obtain the irrigation water at oceanic islands in Okinawa Prefecture. This groundwater reservoir is darned up by a grouting subsurface barrier with practical restrictions on permeability and depth. This report treats a usefulness of the semi—permeable and partially intercepting barrier on defending the groundwater reservoir from intrusion of saline water. Two types of the barrier are considered, one is submerged type and the other is floating one. On each type, next technical problems are examined; 1) The possibility of the defense from intrusion of saline water by the barrier. 2 ) The difference of the defense caused by the degree of an improvement on permeability. 3 ) The comparison on the defensive effects between the two types. On the above problems, the following results are derivered from the numerical calculations on two dimensional and two-phase'groundwater flow in steady condition. Possibility; the effective defense is confirmed by the semi—permeable and partially intercepting barrier. Permeability; the barrier improved 1/4 times as much as the aquifer does not display defensive effects, the difference of the defensive effects is not evident between the barrier improved 1/400 times and one improved 1/4000 times. Comparison of the structural types; though the floating barrier has the hazard of saline water intrusion in downstream region, one is useful for the defense of the groundwater reservoir . It is also clarified that the defensive effect of the floating barrier works in proportion to the ratio of the intercepting height of the barrier to the height of the aquifer .
{"title":"Defense of Groundwater Reservoir from Saline Water Intrusion by Semi-Permeable Partially Intercepting Barrier","authors":"S. Sugio, Kiyoshi Tomari","doi":"10.5917/jagh1959.26.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1959.26.1","url":null,"abstract":"Some constructions of the groundwater reservoir are projected in order to obtain the irrigation water at oceanic islands in Okinawa Prefecture. This groundwater reservoir is darned up by a grouting subsurface barrier with practical restrictions on permeability and depth. <BR> This report treats a usefulness of the semi—permeable and partially intercepting barrier on defending the groundwater reservoir from intrusion of saline water. Two types of the barrier are considered, one is submerged type and the other is floating one. On each type, next technical problems are examined; 1) The possibility of the defense from intrusion of saline water by the barrier. 2 ) The difference of the defense caused by the degree of an improvement on permeability. 3 ) The comparison on the defensive effects between the two types. <BR> On the above problems, the following results are derivered from the numerical calculations on two dimensional and two-phase'groundwater flow in steady condition. Possibility; the effective defense is confirmed by the semi—permeable and partially intercepting barrier. Permeability; the barrier improved 1/4 times as much as the aquifer does not display defensive effects, the difference of the defensive effects is not evident between the barrier improved 1/400 times and one improved 1/4000 times. Comparison of the structural types; though the floating barrier has the hazard of saline water intrusion in downstream region, one is useful for the defense of the groundwater reservoir . It is also clarified that the defensive effect of the floating barrier works in proportion to the ratio of the intercepting height of the barrier to the height of the aquifer .","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129031519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variations in temperature, water level and chemical composition of the Toya hot springs due to the activity of the Usu double volcano in 1977 were investigated. Following results were obtained in 1978. Temperatures of hot springs investigated increased gradually during a series of the phreatic explosions that followed on the initial explosions. The water level of them rised more or less in the area keeped relatively high temperature. By the variation of chemical composition in water, the hot springs in the Toya area can be divided into two groups ; one is characterized by the increase in both chloride concentration and water temperature ; the othes by the increase in bicarbonate content but the decrease in pH.
{"title":"The Influence of the Activity of the Usu Volcano in 1977 on the Toya Hot Springs, Hokkaido","authors":"Hisanosuke Yamaguchi, Tasaburo Horitsu, Hideaki Numao","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.22.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.22.105","url":null,"abstract":"Variations in temperature, water level and chemical composition of the Toya hot springs due to the activity of the Usu double volcano in 1977 were investigated. Following results were obtained in 1978. <BR> Temperatures of hot springs investigated increased gradually during a series of the phreatic explosions that followed on the initial explosions. <BR> The water level of them rised more or less in the area keeped relatively high temperature. <BR> By the variation of chemical composition in water, the hot springs in the Toya area can be divided into two groups ; one is characterized by the increase in both chloride concentration and water temperature ; the othes by the increase in bicarbonate content but the decrease in pH.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131260181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Investigation of Ground-water Veins in the Minazuki Landslid by Underground Temperatur Survey at One Meter Depth","authors":"A. Takeuchi","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.20.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.20.161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132925438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laboratory Experiments on the Vertical Water Movement Using a Stratified Two-Layered Soil Column","authors":"A. Marui","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.28.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.28.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122793077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Study of ground water quality in Riyadh (capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) waters is presented. The chemical study indicates the presence of about 24 elements in these waters. Most of the metals and toxic elements have been found below the upper permissible limits suggested by various health organizations. The hydrogeological study indicates the source of these waters is two aquifers. The waters from these aquifers are found to be Ca-CI and Mg-SO4 type, and are believed to be of marine and meteoric origin. The waters from the Riyadh region are found to be suitable for drinking purposes.
{"title":"Ground Water Quality in Riyadh and Its Vicinity","authors":"A. Naeem, M. Y. Alsanussi, A. A. Almohandis","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.26.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.26.46","url":null,"abstract":"A Study of ground water quality in Riyadh (capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) waters is presented. The chemical study indicates the presence of about 24 elements in these waters. Most of the metals and toxic elements have been found below the upper permissible limits suggested by various health organizations. The hydrogeological study indicates the source of these waters is two aquifers. The waters from these aquifers are found to be Ca-CI and Mg-SO4 type, and are believed to be of marine and meteoric origin. The waters from the Riyadh region are found to be suitable for drinking purposes.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128440282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, attention has come to be paid to groundwater contamination caused by human activity. To cope with the problem, we must obtain the more detailed informations about groundwater-bearing condition and its flow system taking long strides from the conventional way of thinking. The distinguished mark of this study is the application of the sedimentary facies analysis to specify the groundwater system of the study area. Analysis shows that there are three facies to devide the groundwater and the characteristics of the groundwater flow is limited by the sedimentary facies and structure . On the basis of the facies analysis, the tracing of groundwater is carried out at the several plots using electric conductivity method. As a result, it is clarified that the velocity and direction of groundwater vary with the season, topographic locality and sedimentary horizon of groundwater.
{"title":"Study on Groundwater Flow System in the Dejima Area, the North Kasumigaura Upland (1)","authors":"H. Okazaki, T. Ishikawa, S. Shindo","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.26.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.26.97","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, attention has come to be paid to groundwater contamination caused by human activity. To cope with the problem, we must obtain the more detailed informations about groundwater-bearing condition and its flow system taking long strides from the conventional way of thinking. <BR> The distinguished mark of this study is the application of the sedimentary facies analysis to specify the groundwater system of the study area. <BR> Analysis shows that there are three facies to devide the groundwater and the characteristics of the groundwater flow is limited by the sedimentary facies and structure . On the basis of the facies analysis, the tracing of groundwater is carried out at the several plots using electric conductivity method. As a result, it is clarified that the velocity and direction of groundwater vary with the season, topographic locality and sedimentary horizon of groundwater.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127354765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Groundwater Pollution Caused by the Seawater Intrusion and the Fertilizer Dissolution in Gogo Island","authors":"T. Kakinuma, Kunimitsu Inouchi","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.27.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.27.115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128169730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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