Recently a great many researches and studies on the development of groundwater resources in foreign lands have been made in our country, but many of them are unpublished under all circumstances. Accordingly our country is behind other advanced nations in offering technicues on a high level and research data for groundwater resources. This paper presents a method of recharging water through the physiographic effects of the dunes in the Netherlands, which is one of the most advanced nations in that field, as an excellent case of developing groundwater resources in foreign countries. The deficiency of drinking water in Amsterdam gives an example of the unfavourable water conditions in the Netherlands, though the city is apparently rich in water resources. In order to solve this problem, the dune water recharge system, which supplies fresh water, has been developed. In the dunes the fresh water from natural precipitation gradually ousts the salt water because the gravity of the former is lower than that of the latter (Veen and Huizinga, 1976). The dune water recharge area has an area of 36 km2 and about 55, 000, 000m3of the Rhine water is percolated there annually. As the annual recharge from precipitation there is 13, 000, 000m3, the total supply of water in the area is about 68, 000, 000m3. The dune water recharge system contains such installations as distribution pond, river water canal, recharge ponds, collection canals, filtered draining conduits, artesian wells, non-artesian wells, etc. Passing through those installations, the water goes to the indoor provision for purification. The total production of water in this plant is 62. 9 million m3 (1975). 立正大学地理学教室, Department of Geography, Rissho University , Tokyo, Japan.
近年来，我国对国外地下水资源开发进行了大量的研究和研究，但其中很多都是在各种情况下未发表的。因此，我国在提供地下水资源的高水平技术和研究数据方面落后于其他发达国家。本文介绍了利用荷兰沙丘地貌效应进行补水的方法，作为国外开发地下水资源的一个优秀案例。荷兰是该领域最先进的国家之一。阿姆斯特丹缺乏饮用水是荷兰水资源条件不利的一个例子，尽管这座城市显然拥有丰富的水资源。为了解决这一问题，开发了提供淡水的沙丘补水系统。在沙丘中，由于自然降水的淡水比盐水的重力小，淡水逐渐排挤盐水(Veen and Huizinga, 1976)。沙丘水补给区面积为36平方公里，每年约有55000万立方米的莱茵河水在那里渗透。由于该地区年降水补给量为13000m3，因此该地区的总供水量约为68000m3。沙丘补水系统包括配水池、河道水渠、补水池、收集渠、过滤排水管道、自流井、非自流井等设施。通过这些装置，水进入室内进行净化。这个工厂的总产量是62。900万立方米(1975年)。日本东京立正大学地理系
{"title":"On Artificial Groundwater Recharge at Dune Area in the Netherlands (Part 1)","authors":"H. Takamura","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.24.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.24.1","url":null,"abstract":"Recently a great many researches and studies on the development of groundwater resources in foreign lands have been made in our country, but many of them are unpublished under all circumstances. Accordingly our country is behind other advanced nations in offering technicues on a high level and research data for groundwater resources. <BR> This paper presents a method of recharging water through the physiographic effects of the dunes in the Netherlands, which is one of the most advanced nations in that field, as an excellent case of developing groundwater resources in foreign countries. <BR> The deficiency of drinking water in Amsterdam gives an example of the unfavourable water conditions in the Netherlands, though the city is apparently rich in water resources. In order to solve this problem, the dune water recharge system, which supplies fresh water, has been developed. In the dunes the fresh water from natural precipitation gradually ousts the salt water because the gravity of the former is lower than that of the latter (Veen and Huizinga, 1976). <BR> The dune water recharge area has an area of 36 km<SUP>2</SUP> and about 55, 000, 000m<SUP>3</SUP>of the Rhine water is percolated there annually. As the annual recharge from precipitation there is 13, 000, 000m<SUP>3</SUP>, the total supply of water in the area is about 68, 000, 000m<SUP>3</SUP>. <BR> The dune water recharge system contains such installations as distribution pond, river water canal, recharge ponds, collection canals, filtered draining conduits, artesian wells, non-artesian wells, etc. Passing through those installations, the water goes to the indoor provision for purification. The total production of water in this plant is 62. 9 million m<SUP>3</SUP> (1975). 立正大学地理学教室, Department of Geography, Rissho University , Tokyo, Japan.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125272669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"霞ケ浦北岸台地.出島地域における地下水流動系の解析(第一報)","authors":"浩子 岡崎, 力山 石川, 静夫 新藤","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.27.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.27.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128692305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been pointed out that the capillary fringe plays an important role in the infiltration process. In the drainage process, characteristics of the capillary fringe has not been elucidated yet, notwithstanding it significantly influences the flood recession curve. The purpose of this study is to make clear characteristics of soil water movement during drainage and the influence of groundwater recharge upon the flood recession curve. Experiments were carried out using a soil column with a water table maintained at 140 cm below the surface. The soils used in the present study are two kinds of glass beads. Artificial steady rainfall were supplied to the top of the soil column for six hours. The experiments on the drainage process started when the steady rainfall stopped. Discharge, matric suctions and water flux were measured continuously. The results and conclusions of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. After the steady rainfall, the drainage front began to move faster downward than the wetting front in the infiltration process. When the drainage front reached the upper boundary of the saturated capillary water zone, it disappeared and the recession of discharge began instantaneously. 2. The soil water zone above the water table is divided into two zones during drainage. One is the water zone that the gradient of the total head maintains unity, and the other is that the gradient approaches zero. A break point in the profiles of total head moved upward with advancing of the drainage process from the upper boundary of the saturated capillary water zone to the upper boundary of the unsaturated capillary water zone. 3. It was found that the flood recession curve can be estimated from the equation of soil water movement considering gravitational term without diffusion term, if we determine hydraulic conductivity, water content in the suspended water zone and the depth of a break point in the profile of total head changed with time. 本稿は1983年度日本地理学会春季学術大会にて発表した内容に加筆 ・修正をしたものである. 筑波大学大学院地球科学研究科 千葉大学理学部地学教室 Graduate Student, Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chiba University
{"title":"Experiments on Characteristics of Soil Water Movement during Drainage","authors":"M. Taniguchi, Y. Sakura","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.25.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.25.139","url":null,"abstract":"It has been pointed out that the capillary fringe plays an important role in the infiltration process. In the drainage process, characteristics of the capillary fringe has not been elucidated yet, notwithstanding it significantly influences the flood recession curve. <BR> The purpose of this study is to make clear characteristics of soil water movement during drainage and the influence of groundwater recharge upon the flood recession curve. <BR> Experiments were carried out using a soil column with a water table maintained at 140 cm below the surface. The soils used in the present study are two kinds of glass beads. Artificial steady rainfall were supplied to the top of the soil column for six hours. The experiments on the drainage process started when the steady rainfall stopped. Discharge, matric suctions and water flux were measured continuously. <BR> The results and conclusions of this study are summarized as follows ; <BR> 1. After the steady rainfall, the drainage front began to move faster downward than the wetting front in the infiltration process. When the drainage front reached the upper boundary of the saturated capillary water zone, it disappeared and the recession of discharge began instantaneously. <BR> 2. The soil water zone above the water table is divided into two zones during drainage. One is the water zone that the gradient of the total head maintains unity, and the other is that the gradient approaches zero. A break point in the profiles of total head moved upward with advancing of the drainage process from the upper boundary of the saturated capillary water zone to the upper boundary of the unsaturated capillary water zone. <BR> 3. It was found that the flood recession curve can be estimated from the equation of soil water movement considering gravitational term without diffusion term, if we determine hydraulic conductivity, water content in the suspended water zone and the depth of a break point in the profile of total head changed with time. 本稿は1983年度日本地理学会春季学術大会にて発表した内容に加筆 ・修正をしたものである. 筑波大学大学院地球科学研究科 千葉大学理学部地学教室 Graduate Student, Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chiba University","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128811305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some constructions of the groundwater reservoir are projected in order to obtain the irrigation water at oceanic islands in Okinawa Prefecture. This groundwater reservoir is darned up by a grouting subsurface barrier with practical restrictions on permeability and depth. This report treats a usefulness of the semi—permeable and partially intercepting barrier on defending the groundwater reservoir from intrusion of saline water. Two types of the barrier are considered, one is submerged type and the other is floating one. On each type, next technical problems are examined; 1) The possibility of the defense from intrusion of saline water by the barrier. 2 ) The difference of the defense caused by the degree of an improvement on permeability. 3 ) The comparison on the defensive effects between the two types. On the above problems, the following results are derivered from the numerical calculations on two dimensional and two-phase'groundwater flow in steady condition. Possibility; the effective defense is confirmed by the semi—permeable and partially intercepting barrier. Permeability; the barrier improved 1/4 times as much as the aquifer does not display defensive effects, the difference of the defensive effects is not evident between the barrier improved 1/400 times and one improved 1/4000 times. Comparison of the structural types; though the floating barrier has the hazard of saline water intrusion in downstream region, one is useful for the defense of the groundwater reservoir . It is also clarified that the defensive effect of the floating barrier works in proportion to the ratio of the intercepting height of the barrier to the height of the aquifer .
{"title":"Defense of Groundwater Reservoir from Saline Water Intrusion by Semi-Permeable Partially Intercepting Barrier","authors":"S. Sugio, Kiyoshi Tomari","doi":"10.5917/jagh1959.26.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1959.26.1","url":null,"abstract":"Some constructions of the groundwater reservoir are projected in order to obtain the irrigation water at oceanic islands in Okinawa Prefecture. This groundwater reservoir is darned up by a grouting subsurface barrier with practical restrictions on permeability and depth. <BR> This report treats a usefulness of the semi—permeable and partially intercepting barrier on defending the groundwater reservoir from intrusion of saline water. Two types of the barrier are considered, one is submerged type and the other is floating one. On each type, next technical problems are examined; 1) The possibility of the defense from intrusion of saline water by the barrier. 2 ) The difference of the defense caused by the degree of an improvement on permeability. 3 ) The comparison on the defensive effects between the two types. <BR> On the above problems, the following results are derivered from the numerical calculations on two dimensional and two-phase'groundwater flow in steady condition. Possibility; the effective defense is confirmed by the semi—permeable and partially intercepting barrier. Permeability; the barrier improved 1/4 times as much as the aquifer does not display defensive effects, the difference of the defensive effects is not evident between the barrier improved 1/400 times and one improved 1/4000 times. Comparison of the structural types; though the floating barrier has the hazard of saline water intrusion in downstream region, one is useful for the defense of the groundwater reservoir . It is also clarified that the defensive effect of the floating barrier works in proportion to the ratio of the intercepting height of the barrier to the height of the aquifer .","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129031519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the heavy snow fall area, Yonezawa, Nagaoka, etc. , they have taken a good use of snow melting pipes. But these are not sufficiently familiar to that district, for the water supply is poor. And so we have had an idea of a use of a stratum for a regenerator by artificial recharge and a reuse of repumped water for snow melting pipes. Injecting cooling waste water has been investigated since before, but water surface up-lift effects when restoration of injection and quantitative analysis for heat storage are not successfully studied. We have injected at rate of 0. 7m8/min for a month, and examined ( i ) the reason why we could inject, (ii) the up-lift effect near wells, and (iii) the regenerating effect, from isotrapy of the peameable, comparing the experimental piezometric surface with the ideal, and water quality and temperature change. The experimental field is situated in a southern part in Yarnagata basin. The aquifers are 40m and 80m in depth. The injection, the observation and the discharge wells are drilled at the corners of the 22. 4m equilateral triangle. In isotrapic confined aquiefers if the flow is subject to Darcy's law and the deficiency of the boreholes is negligible, thg steady state piezometric surface is given by equation ( 4 ) s — Q0/ 471-71 • In (r2/r2) = Q0/4r T. InC((x — a) 2 +y9/( (x+ a) 2 -+-y2)) . ........ .................. ( 4 ) where Q0 is the rate of both recharge and discharge, T is the coefficient of transmissibity, and 2a is a distance betweer the injection well and the discharge one, and a is 11. 2m. As the results, we have reached the following conclusions. ( i ) The effective path between the injection well and the discharge well cannot be formed, because transmisibities near the wells are almost uniform during 20 days of successful pumping test. So we may say that water was injected in natural state. (i i) The total amount of injected water in a month is 2. 4 x 104m8, nevertheless we observed *山 形大学工学部 **日 本地下水開発株式会社 (昭和49年11月18日 受理.昭 和50年3月9日 再受理) onlytheslighttrans至entde{iclencyoftheboreho1esbyprec圭pitationo{lron.Thenatthe injectionweU,theobservedplezomenticsurface圭shigherthanthetheoretica藍va茎ue,butat theotherweUstheobservedandthetheoretica霊valuesarenear董yequaLSimiarly,judging fromthechangeofwaterquahtyit圭struethattheequat董on(4)canshowthepiezometric surface圭nthecaseofs量multaneousrechargeanddischarge. (111)Thoughwe1nject2.4×10`m3waterat3.C,thed董schargetemperature気snotlower thanlloC.Itisrevealedthattheabove賛mentionedsystemcanbesufficiendyapPliedtothe snowmelt薫ngPlpedroadof6minwidthand100min三engththroughwinter. 1.緒 論 東北,北 陸地方 の豪雪地帯で は表流水 お よび地 下水利用 の消雪 パ イプが冬期交通確保に活躍 してい る.し か し,都 市化 に伴 な う水需要増大 のため,表 流水 は減少 し地下水位は低下 して,消 雪 パ イプの 普 及が困難 となっている. 水不足は む しろ全 国的 な ものであ り,特 に工 業地帯 においては,過 剰揚水に ともな う塩水化お よび 地盤沈下が広範 囲にわ た って発生 してい る.し たが って,こ れ ら工業用 水の節約 を 計 る た め,再 使 用(1)や造水(2).(3)および帯 水層での還元再使用く4)一(8)が研究.実 施 され て きた.こ れ ら深 層地下水は, 短期間では涌養 され ないため,揚 水を抑 え るか何 らか の方法 で洒養す る必要 があ るが,実 行 され てい る例9は少
在大雪地区，米泽、长冈等，他们很好地利用了融雪管道。但这些对该地区来说还不够熟悉，因为供水很差。所以我们有了一个利用地层作为再生器的想法，通过人工补给，并将重新抽水的水用于融雪管道。以前对注入冷却废水进行过研究，但对注入恢复时的水面上升效应和蓄热量的定量分析研究并不成功。我们以0的速率注入。7m8/min，连续一个月，考察了(1)可以注入的原因，(2)井附近的举升效果，(3)可浸层的等渗再生效果，比较了实验测压面和理想测压面，以及水质和温度的变化。该试验田位于Yarnagata盆地南部。含水层深度分别为40m和80m。注水井、观察井和排水井均在22号井的四角处钻探。4米等边三角形。在等渗承压含水层中，如果流体服从达西定律，且钻孔缺陷可以忽略不计，则稳态测压面由式(4)s - Q0/ 471•In (r2/r2) = Q0/4r T. InC((x - a) 2 +y9/((x+ a) 2 -+-y2)) ......... ..................给出(4)式中Q0为充放电速率，T为传输系数，2a为注入井与放电井之间的距离，a为11。2米。作为结果，我们得出了以下结论。(1)在20天的成功抽水试验中，由于井附近的透射率几乎是均匀的，因此无法形成注入井与排出井之间的有效路径。所以我们可以说水是在自然状态下注入的。(i) 1个月总注入水量为2。4 x 104 m8,然而我们观察到*山形大学工学部* *日本地下水開発株式会社(昭和49年11月18日受理。【中文译文】只有光的翻译才会使人感到愉快。【中文译文】在注液条件下，观测到的测压面值高于理论测压面值，而在其他条件下，观测到的测压面值与理论测压面值接近。同样，从水质结构的变化判断，等效的测压面值(4)可以显示出测压面值与注液条件下的多次充放电。(111) Thoughwe1nject2.4×10'm3waterat3.C，该温度为0℃，低于0℃。结果表明，上述系统可以在整个冬季有效地应用于6分钟宽度和100分钟长度的融雪。1.緒論東北,北陸地方の豪雪地帯では表流水および地下水利用の消雪パイプが冬期交通確保に活躍している。しかし,都市化に伴なう水需要増大のため,表流水は減少し地下水位は低下して,消雪パイプの普及が困難となっている。水不足はむしろ全国的なものであり,特に工業地帯においては,過剰揚水にともなう塩水化および地盤沈下が広範囲にわたって発生している。したがって,これら工業用水の節約を計るため,再使用(1)や造水(2),(3)および帯水層での還元再使用く4)一(8)が研究。通达，通达。これら深層地下水は,短期間では涌養されないため,揚水を抑えるか何らかの方法で洒養する必要があるが,実行されている例9は少ない。注入井による人工洒養については,多くの研究成果が得られたが,注入による還元効果の定量的把握および予想についてはまだ不十分である。地下水利用の利点は安価であること,汚染されてないこと,および地表との温度差が大きいことなどが挙げられる。したがって,人工涌養により過剰揚水にともなう諸弊害を回避すると同時に,熱および化学汚染についても注意せねばならない◎蓄熱効果についてはこれまでも研究(9)。(10)され,最近では秋林(11)が電算機でシミュレー。。しかしながら,理論と実験との比較検討は今後に残された課題であり,化学汚染と同様さらに追求する必要がある。本研究は米沢市から委託を受け,冷水(或いは温水)を人工涌養し地下水盆を強化しつつ,一方で。温水(冷水)を得て消雪(冷却)用水として利用することを直接の目的として行なってきた。今回も0.7 m3 / minの注入揚水実験を約1ケ月間継続したが,みずみち(i)注入井の目づまりを避け得たのは注。揚水井間の水道形成による特殊な場合に過ぎないのか,(代)注入による水位の還元効果は理論と一致するか,(代)冷水注入により揚水温降下はどの程度であり消雪パイプ用温水源となり得るかを,透水性の異方性,水位,水質等から明らかにし,定量的蓄熱評価を行なう際の基礎データとする¢2。記号表2;注入,揚水井間隔(2 . . -22.4)m r,〆;揚水井、注入井からの距離m瓦r”;揚水,注水時の影響半径m q;揚水量、注入量m3 / s s;静水位面からの水位(以下単に水位と呼ぶ)m s;貯留係数t;時間s t;透水量係数平方米/ s (x, y);水平空間座標mη;井戸効率θ;温度c 3。理論解析等方性水平無限被圧帯水層が漏水のない上下制限床で囲まれている時,物性値一定でのダルシー則にしたがえば地下水流動の基礎式は(1)式と求められる(12)。∂25/∂x2+∂25/∂2 -s/ t .∂5/∂t(1)(1)。1例えば,図一一の揚水井により揚水をおこなう場合の定常解は,平衡説のThiemの式(2)とな,Rすなわち影響半径を50米と見積れば,図一一1の破線が(2)式で示される水位場である。s”.Qe / 2πT.ln (r / r) t(2)但しsirmR”:O, r2。= (x) 2 + Pt2注入井による人工瀕養の場合にもよく見られる目づまりによる透水性の劣化等が無視で,流れは揚水と同様に物性値一定のダルシー則にしたが,注入と揚水は本質的に同一(1)であり,(1)式は注入の場合にも成立する。注入と揚水の同一一性については疑問(14)も持たれているが,著者らは同一性を仮定して解を求め,実験と比較する。したがって,図一4の注入井により人工滴養する場合の定常解は(3)式となる。年代= =一.Qe / 2πT.ln(〆/ R)(3)但し单反”= R ' = O,〆2 m (x十)2十プ以上から。注入井揚水井で注入揚水を同量同時に行い,注入と揚水の同一性が=満足される時の定常解は。(2)。両影響半怪R, R的も同一性のもとでは等しいと考えられるので,結局求める解は(4)式となるe s-Q. / 4πT.ln (r2 / r2)问:/ 4πT.ln [{(x) + y2} / ((x + 2) + y2}](4)したがって,注入井により同量の人工洒養を行なえば,水位場は図一。1、。例えば,ツ軸上の観測井では水位は降下せず,逆に認の負の領域では,揚水しているにもかかわらず,水位は上昇することが期待できる。4.実 験施設 図一.一 一.
{"title":"Heat Exchange of Storage Type through Underground Strata by Artificial Recharge","authors":"T. Yokoyama, H. Umemiya, H. Abiko","doi":"10.5917/jagh1959.17.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1959.17.55","url":null,"abstract":"In the heavy snow fall area, Yonezawa, Nagaoka, etc. , they have taken a good use of snow melting pipes. But these are not sufficiently familiar to that district, for the water supply is poor. And so we have had an idea of a use of a stratum for a regenerator by artificial recharge and a reuse of repumped water for snow melting pipes. Injecting cooling waste water has been investigated since before, but water surface up-lift effects when restoration of injection and quantitative analysis for heat storage are not successfully studied. <BR> We have injected at rate of 0. 7m<SUP>8</SUP>/min for a month, and examined ( i ) the reason why we could inject, (ii) the up-lift effect near wells, and (iii) the regenerating effect, from isotrapy of the peameable, comparing the experimental piezometric surface with the ideal, and water quality and temperature change. <BR> The experimental field is situated in a southern part in Yarnagata basin. The aquifers are 40m and 80m in depth. The injection, the observation and the discharge wells are drilled at the corners of the 22. 4m equilateral triangle. In isotrapic confined aquiefers if the flow is subject to Darcy's law and the deficiency of the boreholes is negligible, thg steady state piezometric surface is given by equation ( 4 ) s — Q0/ 471-71 • In (r2/r2) = Q0/4r T. InC((x — a) 2 +y9/( (x+ a) 2 -+-y2)) . ........ .................. ( 4 ) where Q0 is the rate of both recharge and discharge, T is the coefficient of transmissibity, and 2a is a distance betweer the injection well and the discharge one, and a is 11. 2m. As the results, we have reached the following conclusions. ( i ) The effective path between the injection well and the discharge well cannot be formed, because transmisibities near the wells are almost uniform during 20 days of successful pumping test. So we may say that water was injected in natural state. (i i) The total amount of injected water in a month is 2. 4 x 104m8, nevertheless we observed *山 形大学工学部 **日 本地下水開発株式会社 (昭和49年11月18日 受理.昭 和50年3月9日 再受理) onlytheslighttrans至entde{iclencyoftheboreho1esbyprec圭pitationo{lron.Thenatthe injectionweU,theobservedplezomenticsurface圭shigherthanthetheoretica藍va茎ue,butat theotherweUstheobservedandthetheoretica霊valuesarenear董yequaLSimiarly,judging fromthechangeofwaterquahtyit圭struethattheequat董on(4)canshowthepiezometric surface圭nthecaseofs量multaneousrechargeanddischarge. (111)Thoughwe1nject2.4×10`m3waterat3.C,thed董schargetemperature気snotlower thanlloC.Itisrevealedthattheabove賛mentionedsystemcanbesufficiendyapPliedtothe snowmelt薫ngPlpedroadof6minwidthand100min三engththroughwinter. 1.緒 論 東北,北 陸地方 の豪雪地帯で は表流水 お よび地 下水利用 の消雪 パ イプが冬期交通確保に活躍 してい る.し か し,都 市化 に伴 な う水需要増大 のため,表 流水 は減少 し地下水位は低下 して,消 雪 パ イプの 普 及が困難 となっている. 水不足は む しろ全 国的 な ものであ り,特 に工 業地帯 においては,過 剰揚水に ともな う塩水化お よび 地盤沈下が広範 囲にわ た って発生 してい る.し たが って,こ れ ら工業用 水の節約 を 計 る た め,再 使 用(1)や造水(2).(3)および帯 水層での還元再使用く4)一(8)が研究.実 施 され て きた.こ れ ら深 層地下水は, 短期間では涌養 され ないため,揚 水を抑 え るか何 らか の方法 で洒養す る必要 があ るが,実 行 され てい る例9は少 ","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126421888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variations in temperature, water level and chemical composition of the Toya hot springs due to the activity of the Usu double volcano in 1977 were investigated. Following results were obtained in 1978. Temperatures of hot springs investigated increased gradually during a series of the phreatic explosions that followed on the initial explosions. The water level of them rised more or less in the area keeped relatively high temperature. By the variation of chemical composition in water, the hot springs in the Toya area can be divided into two groups ; one is characterized by the increase in both chloride concentration and water temperature ; the othes by the increase in bicarbonate content but the decrease in pH.
{"title":"The Influence of the Activity of the Usu Volcano in 1977 on the Toya Hot Springs, Hokkaido","authors":"Hisanosuke Yamaguchi, Tasaburo Horitsu, Hideaki Numao","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.22.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.22.105","url":null,"abstract":"Variations in temperature, water level and chemical composition of the Toya hot springs due to the activity of the Usu double volcano in 1977 were investigated. Following results were obtained in 1978. <BR> Temperatures of hot springs investigated increased gradually during a series of the phreatic explosions that followed on the initial explosions. <BR> The water level of them rised more or less in the area keeped relatively high temperature. <BR> By the variation of chemical composition in water, the hot springs in the Toya area can be divided into two groups ; one is characterized by the increase in both chloride concentration and water temperature ; the othes by the increase in bicarbonate content but the decrease in pH.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131260181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laboratory Experiments on the Vertical Water Movement Using a Stratified Two-Layered Soil Column","authors":"A. Marui","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.28.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.28.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122793077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Study of ground water quality in Riyadh (capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) waters is presented. The chemical study indicates the presence of about 24 elements in these waters. Most of the metals and toxic elements have been found below the upper permissible limits suggested by various health organizations. The hydrogeological study indicates the source of these waters is two aquifers. The waters from these aquifers are found to be Ca-CI and Mg-SO4 type, and are believed to be of marine and meteoric origin. The waters from the Riyadh region are found to be suitable for drinking purposes.
{"title":"Ground Water Quality in Riyadh and Its Vicinity","authors":"A. Naeem, M. Y. Alsanussi, A. A. Almohandis","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.26.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.26.46","url":null,"abstract":"A Study of ground water quality in Riyadh (capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) waters is presented. The chemical study indicates the presence of about 24 elements in these waters. Most of the metals and toxic elements have been found below the upper permissible limits suggested by various health organizations. The hydrogeological study indicates the source of these waters is two aquifers. The waters from these aquifers are found to be Ca-CI and Mg-SO4 type, and are believed to be of marine and meteoric origin. The waters from the Riyadh region are found to be suitable for drinking purposes.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128440282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, attention has come to be paid to groundwater contamination caused by human activity. To cope with the problem, we must obtain the more detailed informations about groundwater-bearing condition and its flow system taking long strides from the conventional way of thinking. The distinguished mark of this study is the application of the sedimentary facies analysis to specify the groundwater system of the study area. Analysis shows that there are three facies to devide the groundwater and the characteristics of the groundwater flow is limited by the sedimentary facies and structure . On the basis of the facies analysis, the tracing of groundwater is carried out at the several plots using electric conductivity method. As a result, it is clarified that the velocity and direction of groundwater vary with the season, topographic locality and sedimentary horizon of groundwater.
{"title":"Study on Groundwater Flow System in the Dejima Area, the North Kasumigaura Upland (1)","authors":"H. Okazaki, T. Ishikawa, S. Shindo","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.26.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.26.97","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, attention has come to be paid to groundwater contamination caused by human activity. To cope with the problem, we must obtain the more detailed informations about groundwater-bearing condition and its flow system taking long strides from the conventional way of thinking. <BR> The distinguished mark of this study is the application of the sedimentary facies analysis to specify the groundwater system of the study area. <BR> Analysis shows that there are three facies to devide the groundwater and the characteristics of the groundwater flow is limited by the sedimentary facies and structure . On the basis of the facies analysis, the tracing of groundwater is carried out at the several plots using electric conductivity method. As a result, it is clarified that the velocity and direction of groundwater vary with the season, topographic locality and sedimentary horizon of groundwater.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127354765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Groundwater Pollution Caused by the Seawater Intrusion and the Fertilizer Dissolution in Gogo Island","authors":"T. Kakinuma, Kunimitsu Inouchi","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.27.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.27.115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128169730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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