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Marketing: Farmers Promulgates Cash Crops, Itinerary to Support Their Livelihood and Enhance Their Living Standard 市场营销:农民颁布经济作物,行程,以支持他们的生计和提高他们的生活水平
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i2.570
Onessimos Shangdiar
This paper is a briefing on the marketing and emergence of cash crops in the Indo-Bangladesh border, South West Khasi Hills District Meghalaya. It is solely aimed at understanding the inborn entrepreneurship skills of the particular sub-tribe of the Khasis called "War". They live in steep and sloppy mountains with moderate temperatures and receive sufficient precipitation throughout the year, which enables them to sustain their farming.Marketing is the heart core of every individual, regardless of any background and professionals. Marketing plays a very important role to the farmers, and everyone could enhance their standard of living due to the technique of commercialization. The Non-farmers can buy the food crops from the farmers through the role of business administration. It is pointless to have money without having a food supply. Thus, the commercialization of agricultural produce is highly required.Cash crops cultivation promotes economic growth and social growth; economically, people can generate income, put savings, and purchase physical capital. Socially they bridged with each other, helping one another, exchanging work, advising the younger ones, and imparting knowledge to one another, providing seeds and saplings to the have not. There is an evolution from practicing traditional crops, which can be consumed directly, to Cash crops, which need to be exported outside of the State through a marketing system with the intention to manufacture further for finished products.
本文介绍了印度-孟加拉国边境、西南卡西山区梅加拉亚邦经济作物的销售和出现情况。它的唯一目的是了解被称为“战争”的卡西人的特定子部落天生的创业技能。他们生活在陡峭而泥泞的山区,气温适中,全年降水充足,这使他们能够维持农业。营销是每个人的核心,无论背景和专业。市场营销对农民起着非常重要的作用,由于商业化的技术,每个人都可以提高他们的生活水平。非农民可以通过企业管理的角色从农民手中购买粮食作物。有钱而没有食物供应是没有意义的。因此,农产品的商业化是非常必要的。经济作物种植促进经济增长和社会发展;经济上,人们可以创造收入、储蓄和购买实物资本。在社会上,他们彼此沟通,互相帮助,交换工作,给年轻的人提供建议,互相传授知识,给没有的人提供种子和树苗。从种植可直接消费的传统作物到需要通过销售系统出口到国外以进一步生产制成品的经济作物的演变。
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引用次数: 1
Practical Leadership: Learning from Great Rulers in History 实用的领导:向历史上伟大的统治者学习
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i2.731
Jennifer H. Operio
This paper examines the applied principles and leadership styles of great ancient men in the light of the Bible as the Word of God. Practically speaking, scholarly literature in leadership and management lacked attention to the study of biblical figures as leaders. The author utilised secondary analysis of qualitative information from documented life stories of renowned leaders in human history. This paper utilizes qualitative content analysis to evaluate patterns of popular ancient leaders' styles in leading their subjects. With content analysis, the author is obliged to read and re-read the text, specifically the Bible, as the main source of data and focus on the specific timeline of the ancient world. The scope and limitation of this paper cover only the discussion on the prominent historical people, specifically Biblical characters, and does not include the current leaders of our time. This paper hopes to bring back the basics on leading people worth emulating by modern-day leaders. It explores the successes and failures of these ancient leaders that shaped history and even world cultures. It also aims to promote a blueprint that was already utilised by leaders in the ancient world regarding leading constituents and subjects. The scope and limitation of this study enfold the discussion on the prominent historical people and does not include the current leaders of our modern time.
本文从圣经作为神的话语的角度来考察古代伟人的应用原则和领导风格。实际上,领导和管理方面的学术文献缺乏对圣经人物作为领导者的研究。作者利用从人类历史上著名领导人的生活故事记录定性信息的二次分析。本文运用定性内容分析法,对古代流行领袖领导臣民的风格模式进行了评价。通过内容分析,作者有义务阅读和重读文本,特别是圣经,作为主要的数据来源,并关注古代世界的具体时间线。本文的范围和局限只涵盖了对历史上著名人物的讨论,特别是圣经人物,而不包括我们这个时代的当今领导人。这篇文章希望能带回一些值得现代领导者效仿的领导人物的基本知识。它探讨了这些塑造历史甚至世界文化的古代领导人的成功与失败。它还旨在推广一种蓝图,这种蓝图已经被古代世界的领导人用于主要成分和主题。本研究的范围和局限包括对历史上著名人物的讨论,而不包括我们现代的现任领导人。
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引用次数: 1
Batik SMEs In East Java Indonesia: Interrelationship Between Personal Value and Management Skills Towards SMEs Performance in The New Normal Era 印尼东爪哇蜡染中小企业:新常态下个人价值与管理技能对中小企业绩效的相互关系
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i2.730
Murtianingsih Murtianingsih, U. Salim, A. Djazuli, S. Sudjatno
The development of Batik SMEs in East Java shows a sector that is highly affected by the pandemic due to the unpreparedness of SMEs to face the pandemic conditions. The need for encouragement from the government and strengthening this sector so that it can develop again and make a positive contribution to the regional and national economy. Managerial aspects and personal values owned by Batik SMEs in East Java are expected to be a reinforcing factor for SMEs in facing a very dynamic environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personal values and management skills on the performance of Batik SMEs during the new normal era in East Java, Indonesia. The data used were obtained through a survey using a questionnaire, which was then analyzed by factor analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression. The results of the study stated that there was no relationship between personal values and performance, and there was no relationship between management skills and the performance of Batik SMEs in East Java, Indonesia. This research does not include external factors of the research variables, namely government policies that can be measured by inflation rates and tax policies, as well as Bank Indonesia credit interest rates. This study uses the variable management skills, personal values, and performance of Batik SMEs in East Java during the normal era, which are products with local cultural features.
东爪哇蜡染中小企业的发展表明,由于中小企业没有做好应对大流行病的准备,该部门受到大流行病的严重影响。需要政府的鼓励和加强这一部门,使其能够再次发展并为地区和国家经济做出积极贡献。东爪哇蜡染中小企业所拥有的管理方面和个人价值观有望成为中小企业面对非常动态的环境的加强因素。本研究的目的是确定个人价值观和管理技能在印尼东爪哇新常态时期对蜡染中小企业绩效的关系。使用的数据是通过问卷调查获得的,然后通过因子分析、描述性统计、Pearson积差相关和多元回归分析。研究结果表明,个人价值观与绩效之间不存在关系,管理技能与印尼东爪哇蜡染中小企业绩效之间不存在关系。本研究不包括研究变量的外部因素,即可以通过通货膨胀率和税收政策来衡量的政府政策,以及印度尼西亚银行的信贷利率。本研究使用的是东爪哇蜡染中小企业在正常时期的可变管理技能、个人价值观和绩效,这些都是具有当地文化特色的产品。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis Community Competence Development in Improving Live through Small and Medium Enterprise Investment in the Pandemic Era in East Timor 分析东帝汶流行病时期通过中小企业投资改善生活的社区能力发展
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i2.721
Julio Lino Tilman
Community competence development in improving life through investing in small and medium enterprises is one of the beneficial alternatives for groups and individuals for the welfare of the superior local community's wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to determine the basic provisions of the small and medium business investment group in the local area, related to hard and soft competence, which are used as criteria for giving, receiving, and solving problems. The method used in this study used a thematic descriptive qualitative analysis approach; the sampling method was taken by six people representing 28 people, including the core structure for semi-structured interviews. The technique used is a non-probability sample by exploring sources of information using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. From the results, it was found that the educational background was sufficient and still had shortcomings in hard and soft competencies, including creativity and technical skills. So, there are several suggestions, namely (1) to take additional training on creativity and technical skills to increase in-depth understanding, (2) for other studies that are interested in deepening research in that location. In terms of investment development, it can compete in national and international markets. These results also provide input for the investment group to learn hard and soft competencies and specifically creative abilities and technical skills to find learning resources that ensure development is related to investment in the digital era.
通过投资中小企业来改善生活的社区能力发展是团体和个人为当地优越社区福利的有益选择之一。本研究的目的是确定当地中小企业投资群体的基本规定,涉及到硬能力和软能力,作为给予、接受和解决问题的标准。本研究采用专题描述性定性分析方法;抽样方法为6人代表28人,其中核心结构为半结构化访谈。使用的技术是通过使用有目的抽样和滚雪球抽样来探索信息来源的非概率抽样。从结果来看,教育背景是足够的,但在软硬能力方面仍然存在不足,包括创造力和技术技能。因此,有几个建议,即(1)接受额外的创造力和技术技能培训,以增加深入的理解,(2)对其他有兴趣在该地区深化研究的研究。在投资开发方面,具有参与国内和国际市场竞争的能力。这些结果还为投资集团学习硬能力和软能力,特别是创新能力和技术技能提供了输入,以寻找学习资源,确保发展与数字时代的投资相关联。
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引用次数: 0
Gender in Literature: Crossing the Lines of Individuals in a Philippine Fiction 文学中的性别:菲律宾小说中跨越个体的界限
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i2.560
Mildred M. Crisostomo, Mark Joseph B. Layug
Under Gender Criticism, the researchers analysed Carlos Bulosan’s My Father Goes to Court to unveil the biases, stereotypes, issues, and tendencies as regard gender through the roles played by the characters in the story. Results show that on the surface, the male characters portrayed their roles based on what the society and culture accorded or dictated to them as authoritative, powerful, and dominant. Similarly, female characters were projected as powerless, weak, affective, and secondary to men. However, consciously or unconsciously, both characters crossed the borders and the lines of each other by performing roles not expected of them. On the one hand, male characters growled down to others, laughed their hearts out, and were protected. Then, on the other hand, female characters exercised power, showed leadership, manifested decision-making skills, and served as protectors. The researchers further revealed that gender is not a role to be played but an activity to be complete to avoid setting limits to any person’s tendencies. A study using the same literary text is recommended to continue its afterlife.
在“性别批评”一项下,研究人员分析了卡洛斯·布洛桑的《我的父亲上法庭》,通过故事中人物所扮演的角色揭示了关于性别的偏见、刻板印象、问题和倾向。结果表明,从表面上看,男性角色的角色塑造是基于社会和文化赋予他们的权威、权力和支配地位。同样,女性角色也被塑造成无能为力、软弱、情感丰富、次于男性的角色。然而,有意无意中,这两个角色都越过了彼此的边界和界限,扮演了意想不到的角色。一方面,男性角色对其他人咆哮,笑得发自内心,受到保护。另一方面,女性角色行使权力,表现领导能力,表现决策能力,充当保护者。研究人员进一步揭示,性别不是一个要扮演的角色,而是一项需要完成的活动,以避免给任何人的倾向设定限制。建议使用同一文学文本进行研究,以继续其来世。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Involvement in Contemporary Economic Activities of Manide Tribe in Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte, Philippines: Basis for Capacity Development Program 菲律宾北部Camarines Jose Panganiban Manide部落在当代经济活动中的性别参与:能力发展计划的基础
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i1.562
Maria Cristina C. Azuelo, Ma. Reina A. Mabeza
This descriptive quantitative research study was conducted to determine the gender involvement in the Manide Tribe's contemporary economic activities and formulate a capacity development program for Mamanide people to acquire knowledge and uplift their economic condition. Findings reveal that the 53 Mamanide respondents, obtained by complete enumeration, are involved in contemporary economic activities like the external labor market for males and the sale of agricultural products for females. The majority of females are involved in saving and storing compared to males. Both respondents are interested in buying basic needs and producing crops and farm products. Their very high level of gender involvement has been accounted for in the external labor market, spending, and production; however, in saving and storing, the male has no involvement while the female has a high level of involvement. As to the contributing factors, the social, economic, environmental, and political factors have a very high contribution to the changes in their economic systems. The study identified areas that need to be addressed through the formulation and implementation of the Capacity Development Program.
本描述性定量研究旨在确定曼尼德部落当代经济活动中的性别参与情况,并为曼尼德人获取知识和提升经济状况制定能力发展计划。调查结果显示,通过完全枚举获得的53名Mamanide受访者参与了当代经济活动,如男性的外部劳动力市场和女性的农产品销售。与男性相比,大多数女性都参与了储蓄和储存。两名受访者都对购买基本必需品和生产农作物和农产品感兴趣。他们在外部劳动力市场、支出和生产中都有很高的性别参与;然而,在储蓄和储存方面,雄性没有参与,而雌性则高度参与。就影响因素而言,社会、经济、环境和政治因素对其经济制度的变化贡献很大。该研究确定了需要通过制定和实施能力发展计划来解决的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Management Practices on Micro and Small Enterprise (MSEs) Performance in Marinduque, Philippines 管理实践对菲律宾Marinduque微型和小型企业(MSEs)绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i1.561
Michael V. Capiña
In the Philippines, micro and small enterprises (MSEs) comprise the largest part of the business economic undertakings and are among the most important development agents in rural communities like Marinduque. MSEs offer opportunities to poor people the possibility of earning income, training, work experience and employment. However, most of the micro and small enterprises in the country perform behind the neighboring ASEAN countries. Thus, assessing the impact of their management practices on operational functions (marketing, production, financial, human resources) and the significant relationship to MSEs performance (sales, production, and income) as the basis for government interventions. The study disclosed that management practices of 35 selected manufacturing MSEs on operational function is doing well with an overall mean of 3.70 interpreted as "Mostly Practiced". Of all the variables, marketing emerged to have the highest mean of 3.95, interpreted as "Mostly Practiced". What is alarming is the findings on human resources, which got the lowest mean of 3.40, interpreted as "Practiced". Overall performance in terms of sales, production, and income is 3.64, interpreted as "very satisfactory". Using Pearson, the operational business function has a positive correlation to performance. Based on the operational management practices, the following have a vital role for the success of MSEs such as type of business organization, decision-making process, creation of policy, rules, and regulations, planning and implementation, and management directions of the enterprise. As to these findings, programs of government will need to give emphasis on the weak areas and highlight the good practices as a basis for crafting tailored interventions for each MSEs.
在菲律宾,微型和小型企业(MSEs)占商业经济事业的最大部分,是Marinduque等农村社区最重要的发展机构之一。微型企业为穷人提供赚取收入、培训、工作经验和就业的机会。然而,该国大多数微型和小型企业的表现落后于邻国东盟国家。因此,评估其管理实践对运营职能(营销,生产,财务,人力资源)的影响以及与中小微企业绩效(销售,生产和收入)的重要关系是政府干预的基础。研究显示,35家选定的制造业中小企业在运营功能方面的管理实践做得很好,总体平均值为3.70,被解释为“大多数实践”。在所有变量中,市场营销的平均值最高,为3.95,被解释为“最常用”。令人担忧的是人力资源方面的调查结果,平均得分最低,为3.40,被解释为“实践”。在销售、生产和收入方面的总体表现为3.64,解释为“非常满意”。使用Pearson,运营业务功能与绩效呈正相关。根据运营管理实践,企业组织类型、决策流程、政策、规章制度的制定、企业的规划与实施、企业的管理方向等对中小微企业的成功具有至关重要的作用。根据这些发现,政府的项目需要把重点放在薄弱领域,并突出良好的实践,作为为每个中小企业制定量身定制的干预措施的基础。
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引用次数: 4
The Role of Engagement on the Relationship Between Motivation and Future Volunteering Intention: The Case of the 30th Southeast Asian Games 参与在动机与未来志愿意向关系中的作用——以第30届东南亚运动会为例
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i1.646
Roel S. Agustin
Volunteering in major sporting events has become a trend, for sports volunteers are considered one of the most valuable human resources to the event. This study intended to establish a structural model that describes the role of engagement on the relationship between motivation and future volunteering intention in a sporting event. It aimed to provide implications for organizers and volunteer coordinators to effectively retain experienced volunteers and motivate them to engage in future events. The participants of the study were the 168 sport event volunteers at the 30th SEA Games – Clark Cluster. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling to test the causal relationships of the variables. The study found that skill enrichment, privileges of volunteering, and social enrichment positively influenced volunteer engagement, while community contribution, skill enrichment, positive life experiences, and volunteer engagement positively influenced intention to volunteer in the future. The study concluded that volunteer engagement has no mediating role between motivation and future volunteering intention. Sport event organizers must manage volunteers by satisfying their personal and social needs toward volunteering and providing moral support through proper work design, efficient training, and an inclusive working environment to keep them engaged and committed in sustaining their volunteering act.
在大型体育赛事中做志愿者已经成为一种趋势,因为体育志愿者被认为是赛事最宝贵的人力资源之一。本研究旨在建立一个结构模型,描述参与在体育赛事中动机与未来志愿意愿之间的关系中的作用。它旨在为组织者和志愿者协调员提供启示,以有效地留住有经验的志愿者,并激励他们参与未来的活动。本研究的参与者为第30届东南亚运动会-克拉克组的168名体育项目志愿者。采用结构方程模型对数据进行分析,检验各变量之间的因果关系。研究发现,技能充实、志愿服务特权和社会充实正向影响志愿者参与,而社区贡献、技能充实、积极的生活经历和志愿者参与正向影响未来志愿服务的意愿。研究发现,志愿者参与在动机与未来志愿意愿之间没有中介作用。体育赛事组织者必须通过满足志愿者的个人和社会需求来管理志愿者,并通过适当的工作设计、有效的培训和包容性的工作环境提供精神支持,使他们参与并致力于维持他们的志愿活动。
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引用次数: 1
Social Entrepreneurship Model Based on Quadruple Helix Collaboration: Economic Empowerment in Disabilities Community 基于四螺旋协作的社会企业家模式:残障社区的经济赋权
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i1.647
H. Mulyaningsih
Social entrepreneurship is a process of continuous innovation in classifying different social problems to overcome social problems and meet social needs. The social entrepreneurship approach is very promising in creating new opportunities for individuals with disabilities in the emerging industry. The conceptual contribution to developing a theory that explains the relationship between constructions has been less underlined. Thus, this study aims to identify different models and how they work and propose a conceptual model of social entrepreneurship to empower the economy in disability communities. This study uses descriptive analysis by conducting various literature syntheses to understand the contribution of entrepreneurship in social development. Based on discussion and analysis, new model propositions consider the value of co-creation stakeholders and supporting ecosystems such as academics, government, profit, and non-profit organizations and communities (quadruple helix concept). Overall, this study provides a conceptual framework that enables an understanding of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship growth and its role in empowering community disabilities. Also, this research also tries to facilitate the stakeholders involved to contribute to the empowerment of community disabilities.
社会企业家精神是一个不断创新的过程,对不同的社会问题进行分类,克服社会问题,满足社会需求。在新兴行业中,社会企业家的方法在为残疾人创造新机会方面非常有希望。对发展一种解释结构之间关系的理论的概念贡献一直没有得到重视。因此,本研究旨在识别不同的模式及其运作方式,并提出一个社会企业家精神的概念模型,以增强残疾人社区的经济能力。本研究采用描述性分析的方法,通过各种文献综合来了解企业家精神在社会发展中的贡献。在讨论和分析的基础上,新的模式主张考虑了共同创造的利益相关者和支持生态系统的价值,如学术界、政府、利润和非营利组织和社区(四螺旋概念)。总体而言,本研究提供了一个概念性框架,使我们能够理解社会企业家成长的现象及其在赋予社区残疾人权力方面的作用。同时,本研究也试图促进相关利益相关者为社区残疾人赋权做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
How Far the Digital Marketing Innovation done by Natural Raw Material MSMEs during the Pandemic? Case of Magelang Region, Central Java Region, Indonesia 天然原材料中小微企业在疫情期间的数字营销创新走了多远?印度尼西亚中爪哇地区马哲朗地区病例
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v1i1.643
Hironimus Leong, B. Retnawati, B. Irmawati
There are various steps taken by Natural Raw Materials MSMEs in Magelang Region in facing the economic downturn during the pandemic for their business continuity. The effort to adapt to the difficulties during the pandemic period is by utilizing information technology to encourage the economy to continue growing and developing. The use of social media and e-commerce is an example of marketing adaptation from a traditional form to a more modern model. Participation in virtual exhibitions is also another example of how MSMEs adopt digital transformation. The study aims to determine how far the natural raw material MSMEs actors can utilize the digital marketing during the pandemic and prepare for the adaptation in the new normal period. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach involving 30 MSMEs. The result shows that MSMEs who are transitioning away from traditional marketing techniques and attempting to be innovative in response to environmental changes have a chance to sustain themselves. Marketing via e-commerce, social media, and virtual product introduction can help to increase markets and enhance the economy. Those that are not prepared for the adaption process, on the other hand, will choose to operate other businesses or even close them.
面对疫情期间的经济低迷,马格朗地区的天然原材料中小微企业为保持业务连续性采取了各种措施。应对疫情期间困难的努力是利用信息技术鼓励经济继续增长和发展。社交媒体和电子商务的使用是营销从传统形式向更现代模式转变的一个例子。参与虚拟展览也是中小微企业采用数字化转型的另一个例子。本研究旨在确定天然原材料中小微企业行为体在疫情期间能在多大程度上利用数字营销,并为新常态时期的适应做好准备。本研究采用定性描述方法,涉及30家中小微企业。结果表明,正在摆脱传统营销技术并试图创新以应对环境变化的中小微企业有机会维持自己。通过电子商务、社交媒体和虚拟产品的营销可以帮助扩大市场和促进经济。另一方面,那些没有为适应过程做好准备的企业将选择经营其他业务,甚至关闭它们。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
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