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Changes in Attitudes Towards Mental illness after Exposure to a Course in Abnormal Psychology among Students of a Nigerian University. 尼日利亚一所大学学生接触变态心理学课程后对精神疾病态度的变化
Pub Date : 2008-01-15 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V5I1.39899
B. Olley
Background Several community studies in Nigeria of attitudes towards mental illnesssuggest low knowledge and a deep-seated negative attitude about the illness . Little isknown about the effect of education in changing these rather negative views.Aims To determine the effects of exposure to a 13 week course in Abnormal Psychology on afollow-up assessment of knowledge and attitudes of undergraduate students of theUniversity of Ibadan, Nigeria towards mental illness.Method All 140 students who registered for Abnormal Psychology: course code Psy 202 inthe 2004/2005 academic session were first assessed at baseline (the first day of lecture) andat after 13 weeks (26 hours) the end of course evaluation. The response rate was 100% atboth baseline and at follow-up.Results At the follow-up evaluation, knowledge about mental illness was significantlyhigher in all the items measured. There were non-significant changes in all items assessingstigma of mental illness except in the items indicating feeling upset or disturbed working inthe same job and maintaining a friendship with someone with mental illness respectively. Asignificant favourable change was observed in the students perception towards grouphomes in the neighbourhood for people with mental illness. No significant changes wereobserved in attitudes toward human rights of the mentally ill, except regarding an itemstating that mentally ill individuals should not have children in order to avoid heredityhandicaps, with which a lower percentage agreed.Conclusions Poor knowledge and stigmatization of mental illness still exist amongundergraduate students in Nigeria. While exposure to a course in abnormal psychology waseffective in changing knowledge, there were still some aspects of stigma that were notamenable to education. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 38-41
背景:尼日利亚对精神疾病态度的几项社区研究表明,人们对精神疾病的认识较低,并且对这种疾病持根深蒂固的消极态度。教育在改变这些相当消极的观点方面的作用鲜为人知。目的探讨为期13周的变态心理学课程对尼日利亚伊巴丹大学本科生精神疾病知识和态度的影响。方法对2004/2005学年度变态心理学课程编号为Psy 202的140名学生进行基线(上课第一天)和13周(26学时)课程结束后的评估。基线和随访时的有效率均为100%。结果在随访评估中,各项目对精神疾病的认知均显著提高。评估精神疾病污名的所有项目都没有显著变化,除了在同一份工作中感到不安或不安的项目和与精神疾病患者保持友谊的项目。在学生对社区中有精神疾病的人群的看法上观察到一个显著的有利变化。人们对精神病患者人权的态度没有发生重大变化,只有一项规定精神病患者不应生育以避免遗传缺陷,同意这一规定的比例较低。结论尼日利亚大学生对精神疾病的认知和污名化仍然存在。虽然变态心理学课程能有效地改变人们的认知,但仍有一些污名化的方面是教育无法改变的。尼日利亚精神病学杂志Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 38-41
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引用次数: 2
Psychoactive Substance Use Among Long Distance Vehicle Drivers In Ilorin, Nigeria 尼日利亚伊洛林长途车辆司机使用精神活性物质的情况
Pub Date : 2008-01-15 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V5I1.39895
B. Makanjuola, S. Oyeleke, T. Akande
Background Globally, the association between psychoative substance use andaccidental injury or death has been acknowledged, with efforts being made to reduceaccident rates in all means of transportation. While many studies have examined the use ofpsychoactive substances among many occupational groups, including drivers, not manyhas focused on substances use among long distance vehicle drivers.Aim We determined the prevalence, pattern and factors associated with the use ofpsychoactive substances among long distance vehicle (LDV) drivers in Ilorin, Nigeria.Method All consecutive consenting LDV drivers seen at the study period wereinterviewed using a modified, pilot-tested, semi-structed self-report questionnaire basedon the World Health Organisation's guideliness for student's substance use survey.Result It was found that the most currently used psychoactive substances were mildstimulants (31.9%), cigrattes (30.4%), anabolic steroids (27.5%) and alcohol (15.9%).Except for cigrattes, the other substances were used mainly for instrumental purposes.Only about 50% of the respondents had ever attended a health talk on drug abuse. Highlevel of religiousity was less likely to be associated with current use of mild stimulants andsedatives. Current use of sedatives was also significantly associated with poor mentalhealth.Conclusion With only 50% exposure to drug abuse campaign among drivers, wesuggest that more efforts should be made to enlighten LDV drivers on the dangers ofsubstances use and abuse. Such campaigns should take advantage of religion and thestrong influence of the Driver's Unions on member. These efforts, we hope, will go a longway in reducing loss of lives and properties on our roads. Though no significant associationwas found between current drug use and rate of accidents, we suggest a larger scope study be conducted to corroborate or refute this finding. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 14-18
在全球范围内,精神药物使用与意外伤害或死亡之间的关联已得到承认,正在努力降低所有交通工具的事故率。虽然许多研究调查了包括司机在内的许多职业群体使用精神活性物质的情况,但很少有研究关注长途车辆司机使用精神活性物质的情况。目的研究尼日利亚伊洛林地区长途车辆(LDV)司机精神活性物质使用的流行程度、模式和相关因素。方法根据世界卫生组织《学生药物使用调查指南》,对研究期间所有连续同意的LDV司机进行了修改的、试点测试的、半结构化的自我报告问卷调查。结果目前使用最多的精神活性物质为轻度兴奋剂(31.9%)、香烟(30.4%)、合成代谢类固醇(27.5%)和酒精(15.9%)。除香烟外,其他物质主要用作仪器用途。只有约50%的受访者曾参加有关药物滥用的健康讲座。高度的宗教信仰不太可能与目前使用轻度兴奋剂和镇静剂有关。目前使用镇静剂也与心理健康状况不佳显著相关。结论司机中仅有50%的人参与过药物滥用宣传活动,我们建议应加大对LDV司机药物使用和滥用危害的教育力度。这样的运动应该利用宗教和司机工会对成员的强大影响力。我们希望,这些努力将大大有助于减少我们道路上的生命和财产损失。虽然目前的药物使用和事故发生率之间没有明显的联系,但我们建议进行更大范围的研究来证实或反驳这一发现。尼日利亚精神病学杂志Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 14-18
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引用次数: 24
Alcohol Use and HIV Risk taking Behaviours in a Military Setting. 军事环境中的酒精使用和艾滋病毒风险行为
Pub Date : 2008-01-15 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V5I1.39894
G. Okulate, O. Jones, A. Osibogun
Background Military personnel are well known to be at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection, and being mostly youthful, commonly use alcohol. Aim The aim of the study was to compare HIV positive and negative subjects with respect to alcohol use and abuse, condom use and multiple sex partnership. Method Using a survey questionnaire we enquired into the use and abuse of alcohol, knowledge about acquired immune deficiency syndrome, use of condom and number of heterosexual relationships in a group of HIV positive patients. Their responses were compared with those from a control group of HIV negative subjects. Results Married persons were more likely to be HIV positive. Use and abuse of alcohol appear to be risk factors for being HIV positive. The HIV positive and negative groups were well knowledgeable about AIDS, but they differed in the use of condom in terms of previous use or use in the previous three months. The HIV positive one were also more likely to use the condom inconsistently with prostitutes and casual partners. Conclusion Health education campaigns on HIV/AIDS need to include alcohol use as a major risk factor in addition to the other well known risk factors including multiple sexual relationships and non-use of condom. Factors contributing to higher risk in foreign mission service personnel are also discussed. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 10-13
众所周知,军事人员是人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的高危人群,而且大多数是年轻人,他们通常使用酒精。研究的目的是比较艾滋病毒阳性和阴性受试者在酒精使用和滥用、避孕套使用和多个性伙伴关系方面的情况。方法采用问卷调查的方法,对1组HIV阳性患者的酒精使用和滥用情况、获得性免疫缺陷综合征知识、安全套使用情况和异性恋次数进行调查。研究人员将他们的反应与HIV阴性的对照组进行了比较。结果已婚人群感染HIV的可能性较大。使用和滥用酒精似乎是艾滋病毒阳性的危险因素。HIV阳性组和阴性组对艾滋病都有一定的了解,但在使用安全套的情况上,他们在之前使用安全套的情况和在前三个月内使用安全套的情况有所不同。艾滋病毒阳性的人也更有可能与妓女和临时伴侣不一致地使用避孕套。结论:艾滋病毒/艾滋病的健康教育活动需要将酗酒作为一个主要的危险因素,除了其他众所周知的危险因素,包括多性关系和不使用避孕套。还讨论了导致外国传教服务人员风险较高的因素。尼日利亚精神病学杂志Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 10-13
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引用次数: 1
Alcohol use disorders among Nigerian University students: Prevalence and Sociodemographic correlates 尼日利亚大学生酒精使用障碍:患病率和社会人口学相关性
Pub Date : 2008-01-15 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V5I1.39893
A. Adewuya, B. Ola, O. Aloba, B. Mapayi, O. Ibigbami, T. Adewumi
environments and encounter new social and institutional factors that may foster heavyalcohol use. Little is known about alcohol use disorders in non-western cultures.Aims This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and examine the socio-demographiccorrelates of alcohol use disorders among students in Nigerian colleges.Method A cross sectional survey in which 2,658 undergraduates (males=1913,females=745) from 6 colleges in Osun state, south-western Nigeria were assessed foralcohol use disorders using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).Results The 12-month prevalence for alcohol dependence is 0.8% (1.1% for male and0.13% for female) and for alcohol abuse is 3.5% (4.4% for male and 1.1% for female).Factors independently associated with a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder include parentaldrinking (OR 12.00, 95% CI 6.32-22.78), male gender (OR 5.40, 95% CI 2.62-11.14), highereconomic status (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.59-4.18) and being non-religious (OR 9.92, 95% CI4.43-22.23).Conclusions Alcohol use disorders are common among Nigerian college students. Effectivemethods of early identification and forms of anti-alcoholic education are needed. Parentaldrinking habits and religiosity will have to be considered while planning intervention andpreventive strategies. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 5-9
环境和遇到的新的社会和体制因素可能助长酗酒。在非西方文化中,人们对酒精使用障碍知之甚少。目的本研究旨在估计尼日利亚大学生酒精使用障碍的患病率,并检查其社会人口学相关因素。方法采用Mini国际神经精神病学访谈(Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Mini)对尼日利亚西南部奥逊州6所大学2658名大学生(男1913,女745)进行酒精使用障碍评估。结果12个月酒精依赖患病率为0.8%(男性1.1%,女性0.13%),酒精滥用患病率为3.5%(男性4.4%,女性1.1%)。与酒精使用障碍诊断独立相关的因素包括父母饮酒(OR 12.00, 95% CI 6.32-22.78)、男性(OR 5.40, 95% CI 2.62-11.14)、较高的经济地位(OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.59-4.18)和无宗教信仰(OR 9.92, 95% CI4.43-22.23)。结论尼日利亚大学生普遍存在酒精使用障碍。需要有效的早期识别方法和形式的反酒精教育。在计划干预和预防策略时,必须考虑到父母的饮酒习惯和宗教信仰。尼日利亚精神病学杂志Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 5-9
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引用次数: 22
Psychiatric testing for politicians 政治家的精神病学测试
Pub Date : 2007-10-26 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V4I1.39892
F. Olugbile
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引用次数: 2
Psychiatric manifestations from mid-adolescence to early adulthood: the experience of a Nigerian teaching hospital 从青春期中期到成年早期的精神病学表现:尼日利亚一家教学医院的经验
Pub Date : 2007-10-26 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V4I1.39890
T. Abiona, F. Fatoye, R. Okwerekwu
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引用次数: 1
A survey of psychiatric morbidity and the risk factors among chief executives of tertiary health institutions in Nigeria 对尼日利亚三级保健机构首席执行官的精神病发病率和风险因素的调查
Pub Date : 2007-10-26 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V4I1.39885
A. D. Yussuf, O. Balogun, S. Kuranga
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引用次数: 5
SSRI/TCA sequential therapy: a cost effective drug regime for the long term management of depression SSRI/TCA序贯疗法:一种经济有效的长期治疗抑郁症的药物方案
Pub Date : 2007-10-26 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V3I2.39879
O. Udofia
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引用次数: 4
Electronic psychiatry: a review and comments on available resources in Nigeria 电子精神病学:对尼日利亚现有资源的审查和评论
Pub Date : 2007-10-26 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V4I1.39887
P. Onifade, L. Oluwole, T. Adamson
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引用次数: 0
Alcohol beverage type, problem drinking and self-reported health status 酒精饮料类型、饮酒问题和自我报告的健康状况
Pub Date : 2007-10-26 DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V4I1.39883
O. Gureje, V. Lasebikan
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引用次数: 11
期刊
Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry
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