Background : Research findings in recent times are highly suggestive of an interface between obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia, a relationship which is yet to be fully understood. Aim : To report a case of OCD in a 14 year old Niger ian boy who developed schizophrenia 6 years after. Method : A 14 year old secondary school boy with OCD who was in partial remission for about 3 years and full remission for over 1 year, presenting with schizophrenia after 6 years is reported and relevant literature is reviewed. Conclusion : Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), although a distinct diagnostic entity may not only coexist with schizophrenia but also may be a prodrome of schizophrenia and they share similar neurobiological features. KeyWords : Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD), Schizophrenia, Depression
{"title":"Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Spectrum or Prodrome of Schizophrenia? A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"K. Adebayo, O. Gureje, T. Nuhu","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V10I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V10I3","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Research findings in recent times are highly suggestive of an interface between obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia, a relationship which is yet to be fully understood. Aim : To report a case of OCD in a 14 year old Niger ian boy who developed schizophrenia 6 years after. Method : A 14 year old secondary school boy with OCD who was in partial remission for about 3 years and full remission for over 1 year, presenting with schizophrenia after 6 years is reported and relevant literature is reviewed. Conclusion : Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), although a distinct diagnostic entity may not only coexist with schizophrenia but also may be a prodrome of schizophrenia and they share similar neurobiological features. KeyWords : Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD), Schizophrenia, Depression","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114842760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V8I2.57620
M. Bakara, Asuquo, A. Agomoh
Female population accounted for more than half of Nigerian population and they experienced gender based social injustices that prevented full exploration of their potentials. One of these social injustices is domestic violence against women. The problem of violence against women in Nigeria had not been given adequate attention both at the individual and government levels. This article did a general review of the present state of situation as regards domestic violence against women in an African sub-culture society like Nigeria. It explored the religious influences vis-a-vis the gender roles imposed on women by African culture and practices and the role of Nigerian government so far. It also proposed the way forward in mitigating domestic violence against women in Nigeria. Key Words: Nigerian Women, Domestic Violence, Review.
{"title":"Domestic Violence and Nigeria Women - A Review of the Present State","authors":"M. Bakara, Asuquo, A. Agomoh","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V8I2.57620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V8I2.57620","url":null,"abstract":"Female population accounted for more than half of Nigerian population and they experienced gender based social injustices that prevented full exploration of their potentials. One of these social injustices is domestic violence against women. The problem of violence against women in Nigeria had not been given adequate attention both at the individual and government levels. This article did a general review of the present state of situation as regards domestic violence against women in an African sub-culture society like Nigeria. It explored the religious influences vis-a-vis the gender roles imposed on women by African culture and practices and the role of Nigerian government so far. It also proposed the way forward in mitigating domestic violence against women in Nigeria. Key Words: Nigerian Women, Domestic Violence, Review.","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122192097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Akinsulore, O. Fatoye, O. Awaa, O. Aloba, B. Mapayi, O. Ibigbami
Background : The five-factor model (FFM) of personality is currently the most adopted model of personality assessment globally. This model has several versions and has been translated in to several languages. It has been used in several parts of the world but hardly or not at all in Nigeria. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the IPIP in a Nigerian sample. Methods : The 100 items International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) by Goldberg and the Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) was administered to 50 adults in Kano. Their responses were coded and analysed using SPSS version 16 by determing their Cronbach alphas for the internal consistency and Pearson correlation for the concurrent validity. Significance was set at <0.05 and at two tails. Results: The mean Cronbach alphas for the IPIP and EPQ were 0.602 and 0.653 respectively. The concurrent validity of IPIP extraversion and with EPQ extraversion was 0.344 and significant (p=0.014). That of the IPIP emotional stability and EPQ neuroticism domain was also significant (r=0.412, p=0.004). The EPQ psychoticism domain correlated negatively and significantly with the IPIP agreeableness (r=-0.282; p=0.047) and conscientiousness (r=-0.012; p=0.935). Conclusion : The researchers concluded that the 100 item-IPIP is a valid personality assessment instrument in Nigerians. Key words: Five factor model; 100-item IPIP validation in Nigerians ; 90-item EPQ; personality assessment
{"title":"Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the International Personality item Pool (IPIP) Big-five Factor Markers in Nigeria","authors":"A. Akinsulore, O. Fatoye, O. Awaa, O. Aloba, B. Mapayi, O. Ibigbami","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V10I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V10I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The five-factor model (FFM) of personality is currently the most adopted model of personality assessment globally. This model has several versions and has been translated in to several languages. It has been used in several parts of the world but hardly or not at all in Nigeria. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the IPIP in a Nigerian sample. Methods : The 100 items International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) by Goldberg and the Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) was administered to 50 adults in Kano. Their responses were coded and analysed using SPSS version 16 by determing their Cronbach alphas for the internal consistency and Pearson correlation for the concurrent validity. Significance was set at <0.05 and at two tails. Results: The mean Cronbach alphas for the IPIP and EPQ were 0.602 and 0.653 respectively. The concurrent validity of IPIP extraversion and with EPQ extraversion was 0.344 and significant (p=0.014). That of the IPIP emotional stability and EPQ neuroticism domain was also significant (r=0.412, p=0.004). The EPQ psychoticism domain correlated negatively and significantly with the IPIP agreeableness (r=-0.282; p=0.047) and conscientiousness (r=-0.012; p=0.935). Conclusion : The researchers concluded that the 100 item-IPIP is a valid personality assessment instrument in Nigerians. Key words: Five factor model; 100-item IPIP validation in Nigerians ; 90-item EPQ; personality assessment","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116075723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : One of the causes of road traffic accident include sleeping at the wheel Commercial motor drivers in Nigeria are responsible for the more than 90% transportationof people and goods. Hence, the need to focus attention at sleep related vehicle accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleeping at the wheel and psychoactive substance use among commercial drivers in Sokoto in Nigeria. Methods : In this cross sectional descriptive study, one hundred and sixty seven commercial motor drivers were assessed using questionnaire assessed using questionnaire sociodemographic variables, sleeping at the wheel and use of psychoactive substances to prevent sleep. Results: All the subjects were male of mean age 43.41 (±8.04) years, married (84%) to >1 wife (45.4%). Driving was the only job among 106 (63.5%), mean hour of getting to destination was 14.5 and mean hour of resting during the journey was 1.74 (2.5). Prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 52 (33.5%) and that of falling asleep on wheel was 9%. To prevent sleeping at the wheel psychoactive substance used included marijuana, caffeine, and alcohol. Factors associated with high prevalence of sleeping at the wheel included long hours of driving =40 hours per week, types of substance use to prevent sleep, and previous use of alcohol. Conclusion: There would be need for policy formulation and implementation with regard to hours of sleep and rest by commercial drivers, use of monitoring device to detect psychoactive substance use. A larger nationwide study is suggested to confirm the findings of this study
{"title":"Sleeping At The Wheel And Psychoactive Substance Use Among Commercial Passenger Drivers In Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"M. Yunusa, A. Obembe","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V10I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V10I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background : One of the causes of road traffic accident include sleeping at the wheel Commercial motor drivers in Nigeria are responsible for the more than 90% transportationof people and goods. Hence, the need to focus attention at sleep related vehicle accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleeping at the wheel and psychoactive substance use among commercial drivers in Sokoto in Nigeria. Methods : In this cross sectional descriptive study, one hundred and sixty seven commercial motor drivers were assessed using questionnaire assessed using questionnaire sociodemographic variables, sleeping at the wheel and use of psychoactive substances to prevent sleep. Results: All the subjects were male of mean age 43.41 (±8.04) years, married (84%) to >1 wife (45.4%). Driving was the only job among 106 (63.5%), mean hour of getting to destination was 14.5 and mean hour of resting during the journey was 1.74 (2.5). Prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 52 (33.5%) and that of falling asleep on wheel was 9%. To prevent sleeping at the wheel psychoactive substance used included marijuana, caffeine, and alcohol. Factors associated with high prevalence of sleeping at the wheel included long hours of driving =40 hours per week, types of substance use to prevent sleep, and previous use of alcohol. Conclusion: There would be need for policy formulation and implementation with regard to hours of sleep and rest by commercial drivers, use of monitoring device to detect psychoactive substance use. A larger nationwide study is suggested to confirm the findings of this study","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121464809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V5I1.39901
A. D. Yussuf, S. Kuranga, O. Balogun, P. O. Ajiboye, O. Buhari
{"title":"Psychiatric morbidity among Nursing staff of a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria","authors":"A. D. Yussuf, S. Kuranga, O. Balogun, P. O. Ajiboye, O. Buhari","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V5I1.39901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V5I1.39901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121144008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V8I1.53306
Si Etim, I. Ottu
Background: Personality and other psychological variables have been suggested to be closely related to drug abuse. An understanding of such relationship could be beneficial in the management of patients with substance abuse. Aim: The study investigated psychological correlates of substance abuse psychiatric patients. Method: One hundred and six (106) psychiatric patients from Uyo prisons and psychiatric hospital in Eket and 110 non-psychiatric others from Eket and Uyo served as participants. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Neuroticism and Psychoticism scales) and the Psychological Correlates of Substance Abuse Index developed by the researchers were used in the study. Three hypotheses were tested. A survey and correlational design was adopted, while the Chi- Square was used for significance testing in statistical analysis. Result: Findings in the comparison of opposite populations indicate a statistically significant difference between psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients on substance abuse in relation to psychological factors (X2 27.23, df = 1, P<0.001). Also, the hypothesis predicting a statistically significant difference on substance abuse between the high and low neuroticism groups was found to be significant (X2 = 6.66, df= 1, P<0.01). However, the hypothesis on the influence of psychoticism on substance abuse was not supported as there was no statistically significant difference between the low and high psychoticism groups on substance abuse. Conclusion: It is recommended that there should always be proper screening of patients on personality and behavioural traits before admission or placement in public institutions in the same way that governments and families should help to restrict the use of psychoactive substances. The paper concluded that there should be a coordinated legislation against drug use and abuse.
{"title":"Psychological Correlates of Substance Abuse in Non-psychiatric and Psychiatric Populations","authors":"Si Etim, I. Ottu","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V8I1.53306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V8I1.53306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Personality and other psychological variables have been suggested to be closely related to drug abuse. An understanding of such relationship could be beneficial in the management of patients with substance abuse. Aim: The study investigated psychological correlates of substance abuse psychiatric patients. Method: One hundred and six (106) psychiatric patients from Uyo prisons and psychiatric hospital in Eket and 110 non-psychiatric others from Eket and Uyo served as participants. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Neuroticism and Psychoticism scales) and the Psychological Correlates of Substance Abuse Index developed by the researchers were used in the study. Three hypotheses were tested. A survey and correlational design was adopted, while the Chi- Square was used for significance testing in statistical analysis. Result: Findings in the comparison of opposite populations indicate a statistically significant difference between psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients on substance abuse in relation to psychological factors (X2 27.23, df = 1, P<0.001). Also, the hypothesis predicting a statistically significant difference on substance abuse between the high and low neuroticism groups was found to be significant (X2 = 6.66, df= 1, P<0.01). However, the hypothesis on the influence of psychoticism on substance abuse was not supported as there was no statistically significant difference between the low and high psychoticism groups on substance abuse. Conclusion: It is recommended that there should always be proper screening of patients on personality and behavioural traits before admission or placement in public institutions in the same way that governments and families should help to restrict the use of psychoactive substances. The paper concluded that there should be a coordinated legislation against drug use and abuse.","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115033823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/NJPSYC.V8I1.53302
E. Okogbenin, B. James, G. Eze, O. Igberase, J. Omoaregba
Background: Puerperal psychiatric illness occurs at a critical time in the life of a mother and her baby with deleterious effects not just on the mother but on the physical and psychological health of the baby. Not much is known about the magnitude and the pattern of postpartum psychiatric morbidity in Nigeria. Aim: To determine the prevalence and pattern of puerperal psychiatric disorders among patients presenting to psychiatric services at the Psychiatric Hospital, Uselu, Benin City and identify its socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review between June 2002 and June 2008 of cases with diagnoses of psychiatric disorders linked to the pueperium and extracted relevant data using an instrument designed by the authors. Results: About 1.7% of new cases seen during the period had a post partum psychiatric disorder. Depression (50%) was the commonest type of post-partum psychiatric illness, followed by mania (21.3%), bipolar affective disorder (12.5%) and schizophrenia (10.3%). Most had onset of psychiatric symptoms less than 4 weeks, were mostly young, of low socio-economic class and married. Conclusion: Emphasis should be placed on psychiatric complications in the post-partum period. There is a need to educate health professionals to detect these cases early and thus reduce morbidity.
{"title":"Puerperal Psychiatric Disorders: A 6 - Year Retrospective Review at the Psychiatric Hospital, Uselu, Benin City, Nigeria.","authors":"E. Okogbenin, B. James, G. Eze, O. Igberase, J. Omoaregba","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V8I1.53302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V8I1.53302","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Puerperal psychiatric illness occurs at a critical time in the life of a mother and her baby with deleterious effects not just on the mother but on the physical and psychological health of the baby. Not much is known about the magnitude and the pattern of postpartum psychiatric morbidity in Nigeria. Aim: To determine the prevalence and pattern of puerperal psychiatric disorders among patients presenting to psychiatric services at the Psychiatric Hospital, Uselu, Benin City and identify its socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review between June 2002 and June 2008 of cases with diagnoses of psychiatric disorders linked to the pueperium and extracted relevant data using an instrument designed by the authors. Results: About 1.7% of new cases seen during the period had a post partum psychiatric disorder. Depression (50%) was the commonest type of post-partum psychiatric illness, followed by mania (21.3%), bipolar affective disorder (12.5%) and schizophrenia (10.3%). Most had onset of psychiatric symptoms less than 4 weeks, were mostly young, of low socio-economic class and married. Conclusion: Emphasis should be placed on psychiatric complications in the post-partum period. There is a need to educate health professionals to detect these cases early and thus reduce morbidity.","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133695477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mosaku, A. Akinsulore, I. Onwuchekwa, O. Ibigbami, F. Fatoye
Background: Personality traits are the basic elements in the study of personality and it influences decision making by affecting our choices about whether to engage in different behaviours. Knowledge of the different personality traits among prison inmate is useful as it will assists in the development of interventions and strategies that target people with specific trait profiles so as to maximize their e f f e c t i v e n e s s i n c h a n g i n g behaviour. Aim: To assess the personality traits of inmates in Aba prison Methods: Four hundred and six inmates were studied. Each inmate completed a semi-structured sociodemographic questionnaire and personality traits were assessed with the 44-item Big Five Inventory. Results: The majority (72.7%) of the inmates were within the age r a n g e o f 2 1 - 4 0 y e a r s . T h e personality trait with the highest mean score was openness while neuroticism had the lowest mean score. A large proportion of the inmates were awaiting trial (94.6%) while only few were convicted inmates (5.4%). The most common type of offence among the inmate was armed robbery (34.0%), followed by stealing, murder and assault (29.6%, 17.0% and 15.0 respectively) while rape and kidnapping were the least common o f f e n c e ( 0 . 5 % a n d 0 . 2 % respectively). The convicted inmates reported significant higher mean scores on extraversion and agreeableness than the awaiting trial inmates. There were significant
{"title":"Personality Traits among Inmates of Aba Prison in Nigeria: Influence of the Five Factor Model on Inmate Status and type of Offences","authors":"S. Mosaku, A. Akinsulore, I. Onwuchekwa, O. Ibigbami, F. Fatoye","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V12I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V12I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Personality traits are the basic elements in the study of personality and it influences decision making by affecting our choices about whether to engage in different behaviours. Knowledge of the different personality traits among prison inmate is useful as it will assists in the development of interventions and strategies that target people with specific trait profiles so as to maximize their e f f e c t i v e n e s s i n c h a n g i n g behaviour. Aim: To assess the personality traits of inmates in Aba prison Methods: Four hundred and six inmates were studied. Each inmate completed a semi-structured sociodemographic questionnaire and personality traits were assessed with the 44-item Big Five Inventory. Results: The majority (72.7%) of the inmates were within the age r a n g e o f 2 1 - 4 0 y e a r s . T h e personality trait with the highest mean score was openness while neuroticism had the lowest mean score. A large proportion of the inmates were awaiting trial (94.6%) while only few were convicted inmates (5.4%). The most common type of offence among the inmate was armed robbery (34.0%), followed by stealing, murder and assault (29.6%, 17.0% and 15.0 respectively) while rape and kidnapping were the least common o f f e n c e ( 0 . 5 % a n d 0 . 2 % respectively). The convicted inmates reported significant higher mean scores on extraversion and agreeableness than the awaiting trial inmates. There were significant","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114177765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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