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2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)最新文献

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Synthetic Inertia and Primary Frequency Regulation Services by Domestic Thermal Loads 综合惯性和一次频率调节服务的家庭热负荷
F. Conte, M. C. di Vergagni, S. Massucco, F. Silvestro, E. Ciapessoni, D. Cirio
This paper proposes a control framework for allowing domestic thermostatically controlled loads, such as refrigerators and electric water heaters, to provide synthetic inertia and primary frequency regulation services. The basic idea is to modify the standard thermostat logic as a function of local measurements of the grid frequency, using a set of thresholds, generated with a proper probability distribution. In this way, the aggregate load response to frequency variations can be proportional to the frequency rate of change (RoCoF), providing synthetic inertia or/and primary frequency regulation. A combined solution is also proposed. The three control schemes are tested using a scenario of the Sardinian electric power system.
本文提出了一个控制框架,允许家用恒温控制负载,如冰箱和电热水器,提供综合惯性和初级频率调节服务。其基本思想是将标准恒温器逻辑修改为电网频率局部测量的函数,使用一组具有适当概率分布的阈值。通过这种方式,总荷载对频率变化的响应可以与频率变化率(RoCoF)成正比,提供综合惯性或/和主要频率调节。并提出了一种综合解决方案。使用撒丁岛电力系统的一个场景对三种控制方案进行了测试。
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引用次数: 5
Legal Liability of Professional Engineers: the Case of a Fire at a Shopping Center 专业工程师的法律责任:以购物中心火灾为例
G. Ala, S. Favuzza, R. Musca, G. Zizzo, Massimo Mitolo
In this paper, the authors discuss the legal liabilities of the professional engineer as both the engineer of record of a project and the construction site manager. In particular, this paper analyzes the case of a fire at an end-user MV/LV substation of a shopping center in Italy, occurred a few years after maintenance works on the electrical installation. The professional engineer who had designed and overseen the construction of the substation was accused of criminal negligence. The authors through the examination of applicable technical standards, as well as of safety regulations, demonstrate that the professional engineer had acted diligently and that there was no ground for the negligence charges. The forensic analysis of the substation fire is provided, and the importance of the chain of custody, the chronological documentation, and the secure storing of all the artefacts and fire-damaged evidence are stressed. The authors believe that this paper can be a useful reference for electrical forensics engineers, investigating similar accidents.
本文论述了专业工程师作为项目备案工程师和施工现场管理者的法律责任。特别地,本文分析了意大利一家购物中心的最终用户中低压变电站发生火灾的案例,火灾发生在电气安装维修工作几年后。设计和监督变电站建设的专业工程师被控玩忽职守。作者通过对适用的技术标准和安全条例的审查,证明专业工程师的行为是勤勉的,没有过失指控的根据。提供了变电站火灾的法医分析,并强调了监管链、时间顺序文件以及所有人工制品和火灾损坏证据的安全存储的重要性。作者认为,本文可以为电气取证工程师调查类似事故提供有益的参考。
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引用次数: 2
De-rating of Transformers under Non-sinusoidal Loads: Modeling and Analysis 非正弦负载下变压器的降级:建模与分析
A. Fakhrian, B. Ganji, Hamid Reza Mohammadi, H. Samet
When supplying transformers under non-linear loads, electromagnetic losses including core loss and copper losses are increased. This results in boasting temperature and consequently reducing transformer lifetime due to the insulation deterioration. To solve the problem, the rated capacity of the transformer connected to a harmonic load is usually reduced which is called the de-rating of transformer. In the present paper, the conventional method for calculating de- rating of transformer is introduced first and its essential equations are given. Based on finite element method (FEM), a new method is then developed for de-rating determination. To evaluate the proposed methods, the simulation and experimental results are presented for a 2 KVA single-phase transformer.
当变压器在非线性负载下供电时,电磁损耗增加,包括铁心损耗和铜损耗。这导致吹嘘温度,并因此减少变压器寿命,由于绝缘恶化。为了解决这一问题,通常会降低与谐波负荷相连接的变压器的额定容量,这被称为变压器的降级。本文首先介绍了变压器降值的常规计算方法,并给出了计算降值的基本方程。在有限元法的基础上,提出了一种确定降阶的新方法。为了验证所提出的方法,给出了一个2kva单相变压器的仿真和实验结果。
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引用次数: 5
Intelligent overcurrent protection during Ferroresonance in smart distribution grid 智能配电网铁磁谐振过流智能保护
Salman Rezaei
Smart grid includes utility system and renewable Generations like wind turbine and solar panel. It stablishes bidirectional power flow and communication among utility, Dispersed Generations (DG) and consumers. In this paper, impact of ferroresonance in utility system is analyzed on electrical and mechanical parameters of DFIG (Doubly-Fed Induction Generator) and behavior of directional overcurrent relay in wind farm by PSCAD/EMTDC software. Smart grid requires a self-healing protection; hence, an intelligent overcurrent relay based on wavelet transform, neural network and time domain analysis of ferroresonance is proposed for overcurrent relay. The relay is able to comply with smart grid protection strategies. It distinguishes ferroresonance from other phenomena, which cause deviation of electrical parameters. Protection strategy determines behavior of the relay via the algorithm. It makes a suitable decision in ferroresonance to change setting parameters and direction of operation to increase reliability and availability in smart grid. The relay is also able to predict ferroresonant states in the network to indulge smart grid requirements.
智能电网包括公用事业系统和可再生能源,如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板。它在公用事业公司、分布式发电公司(DG)和消费者之间建立了双向的潮流和通信。本文利用PSCAD/EMTDC软件,分析了电力系统中铁磁谐振对双馈感应发电机(DFIG)机电参数和风电场定向过流继电器行为的影响。智能电网需要自愈保护;为此,提出了一种基于小波变换、神经网络和铁谐振时域分析的智能过流继电器。该继电器符合智能电网保护策略。它区别于其他引起电学参数偏差的现象。保护策略通过算法决定继电器的行为。通过对铁磁谐振的合理决策,改变设定参数和运行方向,提高智能电网的可靠性和可用性。该继电器还能够预测网络中的铁谐振状态,以满足智能电网的要求。
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引用次数: 6
A Generalised Double Integral Sliding Mode Control for Bidirectional Charger of Light Electric Vehicle 轻型电动车双向充电器的广义双积分滑模控制
Utsav Sharma, Bhim Singh
In this paper, a general double integral sliding mode controller is proposed for two stage bidirectional isolated electric vehicle charging system (EVCS). A wide power range EVCS is required for multistep charging of light electric vehicle (LEV). A robust controller is designed for wide voltage range EVCS using composite scheme of switching, which uses three degree of freedom. First, a VSC with LCL filter, is designed to regulate the power quality and to maintain the DC link voltage. Then, a non-linear state space model of dual active bridge (DAB) for battery voltage and battery current, is derived using Fourier series of composite switching scheme. The proposed EVCS has robust performance, zero steady-state error and wide voltage range. The proposed control method is validate by simulation for a 1.5kW EVCS.
针对两级双向隔离式电动汽车充电系统,提出了一种通用的二重积分滑模控制器。轻型电动汽车(LEV)多级充电需要宽功率范围的EVCS。采用三自由度开关复合方案设计了宽电压范围EVCS的鲁棒控制器。首先,设计了一个带LCL滤波器的VSC,用于调节电能质量并保持直流链路电压。然后,利用复合开关方案的傅里叶级数,建立了电池电压和电流的双有源电桥(DAB)非线性状态空间模型。所提出的EVCS具有鲁棒性、零稳态误差和宽电压范围等优点。通过对一台1.5kW EVCS的仿真验证了所提控制方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
5G Communication System Antenna Design 5G通信系统天线设计
M. Beccaria, Linh Ho Manh, A. Massaccesi, N. Trung, Nguyen Khac Kiem, P. Pirinoli
In this paper some numerical and experimental results on the design of multi-beam antennas, suitable for their possible use as base-station antennas in the next generation of 5G communication systems, are presented and their main features are discussed.
本文介绍了适合下一代5G通信系统中基站天线的多波束天线设计的一些数值和实验结果,并讨论了多波束天线的主要特点。
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引用次数: 0
Post Occupancy Evaluation and Environmental Parameters Monitoring by a Humanoid Robot 仿人机器人占用后评价与环境参数监测
M. Bonomolo, P. Ribino, C. Lodato, Gianpaolo Vitale
In the last years, the use of robots is always more common in the field of socially active robots. Many studies in the literature demonstrated the advantages. This work presents the application of a method combining the Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) and the monitoring of the environmental parameters by using a humanoid robot. The method was applied for a case study, an office of the National Research Council located in Palermo (IT). The first step of the method consists of a measurement session performed by the robot on the following environmental parameters: illuminance, noise level, temperature and humidity. They were measured in a grid of 20 points. During the second step, the robot individuated the occupant of the office and did a survey. Simultaneously, another measurement was carried out close to the occupant (using sensors brought by the robot). Finally, during the third step, the robot elaborated the data coming from the sensors and the information obtained from the survey by using a tool developed by the authors. Then, the robot communicated to the occupant the final report by giving suggestions according to his/her environmental comfort situation. The cooperation with the robot allowed both the compliance with the Standards and the user wellness to be acquired and compared. It has been significant to note that at the end of the measurement campaign appeared that in some cases the standard compliance did not imply the user wellness and vice-versa.
在过去的几年里,机器人的使用总是比较普遍的在社交活动机器人领域。文献中的许多研究都证明了这种优势。本文介绍了一种结合使用人形机器人的占用后评估(POE)和环境参数监测的方法的应用。该方法应用于位于巴勒莫(IT)的国家研究委员会办公室的案例研究。该方法的第一步包括由机器人对以下环境参数进行测量:照度、噪声水平、温度和湿度。他们以20个点为网格进行测量。在第二步中,机器人对办公室里的人进行了个性化分析,并进行了调查。同时,在靠近乘员的地方进行另一项测量(使用机器人带来的传感器)。最后,在第三步中,机器人使用作者开发的工具阐述了来自传感器的数据和从调查中获得的信息。然后,机器人根据居住者的环境舒适情况给出建议,将最终报告传达给居住者。通过与机器人的合作,可以获得并比较符合标准和用户健康的情况。值得注意的是,在测量活动结束时,在某些情况下,符合标准并不意味着用户健康,反之亦然。
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引用次数: 2
Islanding in a Smart Grid Environment – a Case Study 智能电网环境中的孤岛——一个案例研究
B. Hartmann, I. Vokony, I. Táczi, A. Talamon
One of the most common challenges in the energy network industry from the last decade has been the implementation and utilization of renewable energy sources. On one hand, renewable sources are the future solution from a sustainability point of view. On the other hand, there are many open questions present in the daily operation and system integration. Especially in continental Europe, it is a complex and nondescript task to operate a quasi-independent separable network area while it is connected to the large synchronous network due to regulations. Here a Hungarian living lab will be introduced where several renewable based technologies are implemented. Based on numerical and simulation methods a reliable continuous island operation will be analyzed while sizing and operation suggestions are also being defined. Using the given topology and ongoing new device installations which are changing the production and consumption portfolio, a stable and reliable architecture suggestion is given as a result. The advised solution is planned to be commissioned in the living lab respecting technical, regulatory and economic boundaries.
在过去十年中,能源网络行业最常见的挑战之一是可再生能源的实施和利用。一方面,从可持续发展的角度来看,可再生能源是未来的解决方案。另一方面,在日常运行和系统集成中也存在着许多悬而未决的问题。特别是在欧洲大陆,由于法规的限制,在与大型同步网络连接的同时,对一个准独立的可分离网络区域进行操作是一项复杂而难以描述的任务。这里将介绍一个匈牙利生活实验室,在那里实施了几种基于可再生能源的技术。基于数值和模拟方法,分析了可靠的连续孤岛运行,并确定了规模和运行建议。利用给定的拓扑结构和正在进行的改变生产和消费组合的新设备安装,给出了一个稳定可靠的体系结构建议。建议的解决方案计划在尊重技术、法规和经济界限的生活实验室中进行调试。
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引用次数: 1
Feasibility study of Nearly Zero Energy Building in a real Microgrid case study 近零能耗建筑在实际微电网案例中的可行性研究
S. Alfieri, S. Piccini, M. Kermani
This paper examines, from the energetic point of view, the design process of a stand-alone house as a microgrid (MG) in Rome, which inhabited by a family of four people. The house is equipped with all the electrical devices necessary to ensure comfort conditions and to achieve a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB). In the island mode, the electric current of the building is supplied by a photovoltaic (PV) system and a battery energy storage system (BESS). All the electrical users present in the house are characterized by a high energy class. In order to make the house working in island mode from an electric and thermal point of view, has been decided to install a heat pump, electrically driven, for the production of domestic hot water (DHW) to feed the radiators and for domestic uses. For this MG case study, a standard load profile and an optimized load profile have been analyzed. The comparison between the two different scenarios has been carried out by the optimization software. The results show an improvement of all the economic and technical parameters in the optimized case compared to the standard case, due to a better exploitation of the energy produced by the PV system. Furthermore, the size of the components with the installation of a Building Automation and Control System (BACS) in the optimized case, is slightly reduced leading to a lower cost of operation and investment.
本文从能量的角度考察了罗马一个四口之家作为微电网(MG)的独立住宅的设计过程。房子配备了所有必要的电气设备,以确保舒适的条件,并实现近零能耗建筑(NZEB)。在岛屿模式下,建筑的电流由光伏(PV)系统和电池储能系统(BESS)提供。房子里所有用电的人都是高能量等级的。为了使房子从电气和热的角度来看在岛式模式下工作,已经决定安装一个电动热泵,用于生产生活热水(DHW),以供散热器和家庭使用。对于这个MG案例研究,分析了标准负载配置文件和优化负载配置文件。利用优化软件对两种不同场景进行了对比。结果表明,由于光伏发电系统产生的能量得到了更好的利用,优化后的情况下,与标准情况相比,所有的经济和技术参数都得到了改善。此外,在优化的情况下,安装了楼宇自动化和控制系统(BACS)的组件尺寸略有减小,从而降低了运营和投资成本。
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引用次数: 11
Systematic Errors in the Interpolated-DFT-Based Frequency Estimation for the Control of Power Using Generalized Maximum Sidelobe Decay Windows 利用广义最大旁瓣衰减窗控制功率的插值dft频率估计中的系统误差
J. Borkowski, J. Mroczka
The paper presents the analysis of systematic errors of the frequency estimation in a new method based on 3-point interpolated DFT (IpDFT) with the use of Generalized Maximum Sidelobe Decay Windows (GMSD). The source of systematic errors, values of these errors for different parameters of IpDFT and GMSD windows have been analyzed in the paper and practical plots and analytical formula for upper limit of these errors have been derived. It allows a proper application of the 3-point IpDFT method with GMSD windows to obtain high accuracy of the frequency estimation in real time systems, where the systematic errors must be on the level 10-6 or much below this value. The application of the presented method in the control of power grid in renewable energy power systems is indicated as a good solution, especially in small systems, where both high accuracy frequency estimation and low cost are considered to be important conditions.
本文利用广义最大旁瓣衰减窗(GMSD)分析了基于3点插值DFT (IpDFT)的频率估计新方法的系统误差。本文分析了系统误差的来源、IpDFT和GMSD窗口不同参数下系统误差的取值,并推导了系统误差上限的实用图和解析公式。在实时系统中,系统误差必须在10-6级或远低于此值的情况下,可以适当地应用带有GMSD窗口的3点IpDFT方法来获得高精度的频率估计。结果表明,该方法在可再生能源电力系统电网控制中的应用是一种很好的解决方案,特别是在小型系统中,高精度的频率估计和低成本是重要的条件。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)
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