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Training with Various Tools to Facilitate Measurement Instrument Selection 培训各种工具,以方便选择测量仪器
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.21
J. Fuehne
The Purdue Polytechnic Institute in Columbus utilizes metrology tools with specially designed 3-D printed and machined measurement artifacts to facilitate learning and provide opportunities to demonstrate competency in basic measurement tools. Analog and digital calipers, analog and digital micrometers, Pi tapes, bore micrometers, and dial indicators are all employed during special training sessions designed to educate about various measurement tools, allowing trainees to develop knowledge on how to choose a proper measurement tool. Trainees and students use different tools to measure identical features on a part, highlighting the different scales, resolutions, potential errors and uncertainties, as well as the obvious ease or challenge to utilize each tool. There is an obvious advantage of digital dimensional measurement tools due to the ease of reading the value, but they may not always represent the best tool for the specific task. Little prior experience in measurement may lead to the belief that the value displayed on the tool is correct without considering appropriate procedures, units, and mechanics of actually using the tool – pressure applied to the measurement surface, proper zero-setting of the tool etc. In the case of measuring diameters, is there consideration and evaluation of using a two-point instrument versus a three-point instrument? These issues are highlighted only if different tools are used to measure the same feature. Another issue addressed is using a dial indicator for several geometric dimensioning and tolerancing measurements, such as flatness, parallelism, and perpendicularity. These procedures are demonstrated and participants will perform several of these measurements, discussing afterwards the value and utility of coordinate measuring machines.
位于哥伦布的普渡理工学院利用专门设计的3d打印和机械测量工件的计量工具来促进学习,并提供展示基本测量工具能力的机会。模拟和数字卡尺,模拟和数字千分尺,圆周率胶带,孔千分尺,和表盘都在专门的培训课程中使用,旨在教育各种测量工具,让学员发展如何选择合适的测量工具的知识。学员和学生使用不同的工具来测量一个零件的相同特征,突出不同的尺度、分辨率、潜在的误差和不确定性,以及使用每种工具的明显易用性或挑战性。由于易于读取值,数字尺寸测量工具有一个明显的优势,但它们可能并不总是代表特定任务的最佳工具。以前很少有测量经验,如果不考虑实际使用工具的适当程序、单位和机制——施加在测量表面的压力、工具的适当零设置等,可能会导致相信工具上显示的值是正确的。在测量直径的情况下,是否考虑和评估使用两点仪器和三点仪器?只有当使用不同的工具来度量相同的特性时,这些问题才会突出。另一个需要解决的问题是使用表盘指示器进行几种几何尺寸和公差测量,例如平面度、平行度和垂直度。这些程序被演示,参与者将执行这些测量中的几个,然后讨论坐标测量机的价值和效用。
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引用次数: 0
Deep Learning & Artificial Intelligence can Solve Measurement Problems with Estimated Confidence  深度学习和人工智能可以用估计置信度解决测量问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.18
Uğurcan Akyüz
In the past, like many companies, we tried to automate the data collection of handheld meters and other devices using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology, only to learn OCR technology has its limitations; we discovered any change in position, lighting, angle and even glare would throw off the OCR, resulting in bad numbers. So we changed direction and switched to Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Deep Learning algorithms. Our goal was to implement a “learn as you go,” AI-assisted solution that will learn to read a handheld meter as good, or better than, a human. The continual learning/training would train the AI to read measurements at any angle, in most lighting conditions. The trained AI would even be smart enough to understand scaled values based on the prefixes. Over time, with a much larger data set, the AI would be able to read just about any new display.
过去,像许多公司一样,我们尝试使用光学字符识别(OCR)技术自动化手持式仪表等设备的数据采集,只学习OCR技术有其局限性;我们发现任何位置、光线、角度甚至眩光的变化都会影响OCR,导致糟糕的数字。所以我们改变了方向,转向了使用深度学习算法的人工智能(AI)。我们的目标是实现一种“边学边玩”的人工智能辅助解决方案,它将学习手持式仪表的阅读能力与人类一样好,甚至比人类更好。持续的学习/训练将训练AI在大多数照明条件下以任何角度读取测量值。经过训练的人工智能甚至可以聪明到理解基于前缀的缩放值。随着时间的推移,拥有更大的数据集,人工智能将能够读取几乎任何新的显示。
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引用次数: 0
A Compact Self-Contained Cryogen-Free Instrument for the Realization of the Ohm in the Revised SI 一个紧凑的自包含无低温仪器实现欧姆在修订的SI
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.02
N. Fletcher, John D. Williams, A. Tzalenchuk, J. Janssen, Becky King, Connor D. Shelly, Kieran Edmonds
The redefinition of the SI base units ampere and kilogram in 2019 formalized the use of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) to provide resistance traceability (the SI ohm) from the fundamental constants h and e. Traditionally, realization of the ohm via the QHE has required large complex liquid helium cryostats (including a high field superconducting magnet), and been largely confined to National Measurement Institutes. In recent years, graphene has been demonstrated as an ideal material for QHE samples, offering access to the quantum resistance reference (RK=h/e2) at lower magnetic fields and higher temperatures than previously possible. We present a system that builds on this technological advance, combined with liquid helium-free (closed cycle) cryogenic cooling techniques. The system integrates both a graphene QHE reference and a Cryogenic Current Comparator (CCC) instrument into a single compact enclosure. Resistance bridges based around a CCC offer the ultimate accuracy and noise performance for comparisons of conventional room temperature standard resistors to the QHE reference, and for scaling between different decade values, but this technology has not previously been demonstrated without the use of liquid helium. Our CCC system also integrates a second cryogenic SQUID detector to operate as the critical nanovoltmeter in the bridge electronics. We use a latest generation polymer-encapsulated molecular doped epigraphene sample optimized for operation at the 5 T field of our compact magnet, which does not require any user tuning of device properties on repeated cool-down cycles. Combined with the cryogen-free cooling, this gives a truly ‘turn-key’ system, making the quantum resistance reference and CCC accuracy available 24/7 in the metrology laboratory with no regular user intervention. The system is designed for both the realisation of the ohm at 100 Ω and regular calibration of standard resistors in the range 1 Ω to 10 kΩ, with combined relative standard uncertainties down to 0.01 ppm in the best cases.
2019年,国际单位制基本单位安培和千克的重新定义正式确定了使用量子霍尔效应(QHE)从基本常数h和e提供电阻可追溯性(国际单位制欧姆)。传统上,通过QHE实现欧姆需要大型复杂的液氦低温恒温器(包括高场超导磁体),并且主要局限于国家测量机构。近年来,石墨烯已被证明是QHE样品的理想材料,可以在较低的磁场和较高的温度下获得量子电阻基准(RK=h/e2)。我们提出了一个系统,建立在这一技术进步,结合液氦无(封闭循环)低温冷却技术。该系统将石墨烯QHE基准和低温电流比较器(CCC)仪器集成到一个紧凑的外壳中。基于CCC的电阻桥为传统室温标准电阻器与QHE参考电阻器的比较提供了最终的精度和噪声性能,并且可以在不同的十进值之间进行缩放,但该技术以前没有使用液氦进行演示。我们的CCC系统还集成了第二个低温SQUID探测器,作为桥接电子器件中的关键纳伏特计。我们使用了最新一代的聚合物封装分子掺杂石墨烯样品,优化了我们的紧凑型磁铁在5t磁场下的操作,这不需要用户在重复冷却循环中调整设备性能。结合无低温冷却,这提供了一个真正的“交钥匙”系统,使量子电阻参考和CCC精度在计量实验室全天候可用,无需常规用户干预。该系统设计用于实现100 Ω的欧姆和1 Ω至10 kΩ范围内的标准电阻的定期校准,在最佳情况下,组合相对标准不确定度可降至0.01 ppm。
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引用次数: 1
Contract Reviews – Does Anybody Really Them? 合同审查——真的有人这么做吗?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.24
William B. Miller
This paper revisits the impacts of using or not using contract reviews and discusses terminology for the reviews. Are they just for ISO 17025i calibration accreditations or does everybody need them? What are the costs of just asking for a calibration from a calibration agency? Is it possible your calibration agency has provided you with an accredited calibration that is not traceable to the SI leaving you with a contractual violation? Questions that date back to around the 5th century BC will be discussed to see if we can break the pattern.
本文回顾了使用或不使用合同评审的影响,并讨论了评审的术语。它们只是用于ISO 17025i校准认证还是每个人都需要它们?向校正机构要求校正的费用是多少?你们的校准机构是否有可能向你们提供了一个无法追溯到SI的认可校准,从而使你们违反了合同?可以追溯到公元前5世纪左右的问题将被讨论,看看我们是否可以打破这种模式。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring the Performance of Temperature Chambers in Accordance with IEC60068-3-5:2018 根据IEC60068-3-5:2018测量温度室的性能
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.08
Julian C.P
At the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL), a method to measure the performance of temperature chamber was developed based on the international standard IEC 60068-3-5 – Environmental Testing – Part 3-5: (2018) Confirmation of the Performance of Temperature Chambers. A multi-channel temperature logger with platinum resistance thermometer sensors was used for the measurement. In this paper, details on the setup and procedure for the measurement of the achieved temperature, temperature fluctuation, temperature gradient, temperature variation in space and temperature rate of change of a chamber are provided. Examples of measurement results and the method for uncertainty evaluation are also presented.
标准与校准实验室(SCL)根据国际标准IEC 60068-3-5 -环境测试-第3-5部分:(2018)确认温度箱的性能,开发了一种测量温度箱性能的方法。采用多通道温度记录仪和铂电阻温度计传感器进行测量。本文详细介绍了测量达到温度、温度波动、温度梯度、空间温度变化和温度变化率的设置和程序。给出了测量结果的实例和不确定度评定方法。
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引用次数: 0
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 Spreadsheet Validation – the details ISO/IEC 17025:2017电子表格验证-细节
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.17
Harry C Spinks
Spreadsheets are one of the most versatile document formats in use today. They can be used for a multitude of purposes: instructional or informative document, financial analysis, data analysis, charts, numerical calculations, checklists, data entry forms, and information management, to name a few. The list is virtually endless. ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories requires spreadsheets to be validated if they affect the quality of the laboratory results. This can occur in three distinct areas – measurement uncertainty budgets, information management, and methods. Failure to validate spreadsheets may result in an assessment/audit nonconformance and ss a calibration accreditation assessor, I have rarely seen spreadsheets validated. This is usually because spreadsheets aren’t looked at as part of the method (calibration procedure) or the information management system. Spreadsheets should be validated for any application and in any industry if they contain calculations that may affect the quality of the organizations product or service. Spreadsheets are required to be validated in organizations regulated by the FDA such as medical devices and pharmaceutical manufacturers. This paper will explain why spreadsheets need to be validated, the applicable sections of ISO/IEC 17025:2017, and the basics on how to validate a spreadsheet.
电子表格是当今最通用的文档格式之一。它们可用于多种用途:指导性或信息性文档、财务分析、数据分析、图表、数值计算、清单、数据输入表单和信息管理,仅举几例。这样的清单实际上是无穷无尽的。ISO/IEC 17025:2017《检测和校准实验室能力的一般要求》要求,如果电子表格影响实验室结果的质量,则需要对其进行验证。这可能发生在三个不同的领域——测量不确定性预算、信息管理和方法。未能验证电子表格可能导致评估/审核不符合,作为校准认可评估员,我很少看到电子表格得到验证。这通常是因为电子表格不被视为方法(校准程序)或信息管理系统的一部分。如果电子表格包含可能影响组织产品或服务质量的计算,则应针对任何应用程序和任何行业对其进行验证。电子表格需要在FDA监管的组织中进行验证,例如医疗设备和制药制造商。本文将解释为什么电子表格需要验证,ISO/IEC 17025:2017的适用部分,以及如何验证电子表格的基础知识。
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引用次数: 0
The Design of an Instrument to Realize Small Torque at NIST  NIST小扭矩测试仪的设计
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.14
L. Chao
After the recent redefinition of the International System of Units (SI), torque no longer needs to be traceable to a calibrated mass in a gravitational field suspended from a known lever arm and disseminated through a chain of torque transducers. An SI-traceable torque can be directly realized using the Kibble principle where a torque is generated by a calibrated electromagnetic transducer. Here, a set of theoretical designs for a new instrument aimed at direct realization of torque to 0.1% accuracy is analyzed and examined for feasibility. With careful attention to magnet design, a robust and easily implemented torque calibrator can be built.
在最近国际单位制(SI)的重新定义之后,扭矩不再需要追溯到引力场中的校准质量,该引力场悬挂在已知的杠杆臂上,并通过一系列扭矩传感器传播。使用Kibble原理可以直接实现si可追溯扭矩,其中扭矩由校准的电磁换能器产生。本文分析了一套旨在直接实现扭矩至0.1%精度的新仪器的理论设计,并对其可行性进行了检验。仔细注意磁铁的设计,一个强大的和易于实现的扭矩校准器可以建立。
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引用次数: 1
Calibration of the Period and Time Difference of Synchronized Flashing Lights 同步闪光灯周期和时间差的校正
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.10
H. W. Lai, C. Ma, S. Yang, C. Tsui
Videos recorded by CCTVs or car cameras are often tendered as evidences in legal proceedings and traffic accident investigations. Important information such as vehicle speed may be estimated from the video data to support the case. In such applications, to satisfy the standard of proof in a court of law, the timing parameters of the cameras must be calibrated. A specially designed frame interval timer called the Lightboard is being used in some jurisdictions to determine the frame interval of video recorded by a camera. The accuracy of the time base in this frame interval timer in turn need to be calibrated. This paper proposed methods to calibrate the flashing period and the time difference between two synchronized LED panels of a Lightboard system.
在法律诉讼和交通事故调查中,由闭路电视或汽车摄像头拍摄的视频经常被作为证据。可以从视频数据中估计出车辆速度等重要信息来支持这种情况。在这种应用中,为了满足法庭的证明标准,必须校准摄像机的定时参数。一种特殊设计的帧间隔计时器,称为光板,在某些司法管辖区被用来确定摄像机记录的视频的帧间隔。该帧间隔计时器的时基精度依次需要标定。本文提出了一种校准光板系统中两个同步LED板的闪烁周期和时间差的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Measurement Information Infrastructure (MII) Projects and Outlook  测量信息基础设施(MII)项目与展望
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.23
M. Kuster
Have you heard of digital calibration certificates? Digital metrology? The digital quality infrastructure? The European Metrology Cloud? These globally scattered initiatives all seek to upgrade our industry from Metrology 2.5 to Metrology 4.0 by automating our remaining manual systems via networked intercommunication. Laboratories have long since automated many of their test and measurement processes, but the global quality infrastructure remains mired in paper and pdf documents that a) require subject-matter experts to interpret, and b) omit information that would have value if automatically put to use. NCSLI’s own initiative, the Measurement Information Infrastructure (MII), envisions a set of normative standards that define data structures, taxonomies, service protocols and security for locating, communicating and sharing measurement information seamlessly among our computing systems with little to no manual intervention. In this panel session, the NCSLI MII & Automation Committee will present its MII Vision, progress and outlook and describe some of the ongoing efforts. An open discussion and Q&A session will follow so that you may understand how an MII might affect your business and value stream.
你听说过数字校准证书吗?数字计量?数字质量基础设施?欧洲计量云?这些分散在全球各地的举措都是为了将我们的行业从计量2.5升级到计量4.0,通过网络互联实现剩余手工系统的自动化。实验室早就自动化了他们的许多测试和测量过程,但是全球质量基础设施仍然陷在纸和pdf文档中,a)需要主题专家来解释,b)忽略了如果自动投入使用将有价值的信息。NCSLI自己的倡议,测量信息基础设施(MII),设想了一套规范标准来定义数据结构、分类、服务协议和安全,以便在我们的计算系统之间无缝地定位、通信和共享测量信息,几乎没有人工干预。在本次小组会议上,NCSLI MII和自动化委员会将介绍其MII愿景、进展和展望,并描述一些正在进行的努力。随后将进行公开讨论和问答环节,以便您了解信息产业部如何影响您的业务和价值流。
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引用次数: 4
Dimensional Characterization and Effective Area Estimation of the 35 mm Piston/Cylinder Assembly -PG0806 35mm活塞/气缸组件的尺寸表征和有效面积估计-PG0806
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.26
Yulieth Fernanda Gutiérrez León
Piston/cylinder assemblies are widely used in the calibration of pressure measuring equipment whose principle of operation is to generate pressure by positioning non-standard weights which generate radial forces when compressing the fluid. The dimensional characterization of the piston/cylinder assemblies is fundamental to the realizations the pressure measurement made with piston/cylinder assemblies. There diameter, straightness and roundness measurements were made for the PG 0806 of the pressure laboratory of the INM - Colombia, both for the cylinder and the piston itself. To do this measurement the Brown & Sharpe coordinate measuring machine (CMM) of the dimensional laboratory of the INM was used. With the measuring method described, we were capable to measure the effective area with a relative uncertainty about 9.7x10-5.
活塞/气缸组件广泛用于校准压力测量设备,其工作原理是通过定位非标准砝码来产生压力,这些砝码在压缩流体时产生径向力。活塞/气缸组件的尺寸表征是实现活塞/气缸组件压力测量的基础。为INM -哥伦比亚压力实验室的PG 0806进行了气缸和活塞本身的直径,直线度和圆度测量。在此过程中,使用了INM尺寸实验室的Brown & Sharpe坐标测量机(CMM)。根据所描述的测量方法,我们能够测量有效面积,相对不确定度约为9.7x10-5。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2020
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