Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1163/09763457-bja10025
Necati Anaz, Mehmet Kose
Extending voting rights to citizens living abroad has been one of the longest debated subjects in the Turkish Parliament, even more persistent than is generally assumed in academic and political circles. In this study, we aim to understand how Turkish political decision-makers conceived Turkey’s external residents’ right to vote from abroad and the rationalisations and conjectures put forward by parliamentarians during different political times. For this purpose, we traced parliamentary minutes back from the beginning of Turkey’s two party-system to the present. We found that two channels of demand for change existed: pressure from citizens living overseas and individual parliamentarians who had connections with residents abroad. We also noticed that opposition parties’ agenda towards the Turkish diaspora’s right to vote differed when they took control of the government. Additionally, we found that coups d’état and the established bureaucracy in Turkey resisted the diaspora’s right to participate in national elections.
{"title":"Understanding Turkey’s Long Debate on Extending Voting Rights to External Residents through Parliamentary Minutes","authors":"Necati Anaz, Mehmet Kose","doi":"10.1163/09763457-bja10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09763457-bja10025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Extending voting rights to citizens living abroad has been one of the longest debated subjects in the Turkish Parliament, even more persistent than is generally assumed in academic and political circles. In this study, we aim to understand how Turkish political decision-makers conceived Turkey’s external residents’ right to vote from abroad and the rationalisations and conjectures put forward by parliamentarians during different political times. For this purpose, we traced parliamentary minutes back from the beginning of Turkey’s two party-system to the present. We found that two channels of demand for change existed: pressure from citizens living overseas and individual parliamentarians who had connections with residents abroad. We also noticed that opposition parties’ agenda towards the Turkish diaspora’s right to vote differed when they took control of the government. Additionally, we found that coups d’état and the established bureaucracy in Turkey resisted the diaspora’s right to participate in national elections.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41243403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1163/09763457-bja10020
Omair Anas
The Arab uprisings of 2011, and their slogans of freedom, dignity and justice, gave the Arab diaspora hope. Their aftermath led to disappointment, but many Arab diasporans still dream of returning home. The tension between their real, imagined and in-transit homes keeps these immigrants in home and exile simultaneously. The paper analyses the negotiation between distant and present, real and imagined homes, in finding and settling into a new home in the Arab diaspora in Berlin. It discusses the theory that the modern public sphere is primarily attached to territorially defined modern nation-states. Migration and transnationalism have challenged the bounded nature of nation-states and have allowed forces from and outside national territories to interact with forces beyond territorial limits, via satellite TV channels, social media and migration. This transnational push in the national public sphere has empowered the Arab diaspora to renegotiate their belonging to their host and home countries.
{"title":"Negotiating Home in Exile","authors":"Omair Anas","doi":"10.1163/09763457-bja10020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09763457-bja10020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Arab uprisings of 2011, and their slogans of freedom, dignity and justice, gave the Arab diaspora hope. Their aftermath led to disappointment, but many Arab diasporans still dream of returning home. The tension between their real, imagined and in-transit homes keeps these immigrants in home and exile simultaneously. The paper analyses the negotiation between distant and present, real and imagined homes, in finding and settling into a new home in the Arab diaspora in Berlin. It discusses the theory that the modern public sphere is primarily attached to territorially defined modern nation-states. Migration and transnationalism have challenged the bounded nature of nation-states and have allowed forces from and outside national territories to interact with forces beyond territorial limits, via satellite TV channels, social media and migration. This transnational push in the national public sphere has empowered the Arab diaspora to renegotiate their belonging to their host and home countries.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42461591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1163/09763457-bja10009
Tridib Chakraborti
{"title":"Sikh Diaspora in Japan , by Masako Azuma","authors":"Tridib Chakraborti","doi":"10.1163/09763457-bja10009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09763457-bja10009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45434624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.1163/09763457-bja10019
Veysi Dag
This article examines the politics of cultural production in the Kurdish diaspora in Berlin and Stockholm. The paper argues that Kurdish cultural actors deploy various forms of cultural production as a strategy to restore Kurdish collective heritage and cultural identities and achieve visibility for the Kurdish cause. Furthermore, the politics of cultural production serves to promote universal solidarity for particularistic Kurdish agendas and challenges oppressive policies of ruling Turkish, Iranian and Arab governments. Finally, this article aims to address the integration of Kurdish refugees and boost cohesive diasporic communities to overcome exilic conditions. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews with twenty-five Kurdish artists and intellectuals, and participant observations in Berlin and Stockholm, the paper sheds light on how Kurdish cultural production in the diaspora offers an alternative approach to understanding and tackling complex matters. However, at the same time, cultural production can become an object of contention and political mobilisation.
{"title":"The Politics of Cultural Production","authors":"Veysi Dag","doi":"10.1163/09763457-bja10019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09763457-bja10019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the politics of cultural production in the Kurdish diaspora in Berlin and Stockholm. The paper argues that Kurdish cultural actors deploy various forms of cultural production as a strategy to restore Kurdish collective heritage and cultural identities and achieve visibility for the Kurdish cause. Furthermore, the politics of cultural production serves to promote universal solidarity for particularistic Kurdish agendas and challenges oppressive policies of ruling Turkish, Iranian and Arab governments. Finally, this article aims to address the integration of Kurdish refugees and boost cohesive diasporic communities to overcome exilic conditions. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews with twenty-five Kurdish artists and intellectuals, and participant observations in Berlin and Stockholm, the paper sheds light on how Kurdish cultural production in the diaspora offers an alternative approach to understanding and tackling complex matters. However, at the same time, cultural production can become an object of contention and political mobilisation.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41846490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.1163/09763457-bja10015
A. Phan
The article explores the ways in which Vietnamese international doctoral students participated in and influenced social spaces to produce diasporic subjectivity among Vietnamese diasporic communities in the study countries, and how this diasporic subjectivity was produced in what I term ‘diasporised moments’. Guided by theory of space, I look at how Vietnamese doctoral students negotiated their ‘membership’ of those communities, how their national identity was challenged and contested, and how their nostalgia was triggered against the backdrop of their transnational life, leading to their diasporic subjectivity in the making. I argue that the theoretical bearings of space allow us to expand our understanding of the integration of international students into life on foreign soil beyond the common assumption of integration into the local culture only. I further argue that international students do not purely experience homesickness but actually produce diasporic subjectivity in their temporary migration for academic pursuits.
{"title":"Emigrate out of National Borders, Immigrate into Diasporic Spaces","authors":"A. Phan","doi":"10.1163/09763457-bja10015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09763457-bja10015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article explores the ways in which Vietnamese international doctoral students participated in and influenced social spaces to produce diasporic subjectivity among Vietnamese diasporic communities in the study countries, and how this diasporic subjectivity was produced in what I term ‘diasporised moments’. Guided by theory of space, I look at how Vietnamese doctoral students negotiated their ‘membership’ of those communities, how their national identity was challenged and contested, and how their nostalgia was triggered against the backdrop of their transnational life, leading to their diasporic subjectivity in the making. I argue that the theoretical bearings of space allow us to expand our understanding of the integration of international students into life on foreign soil beyond the common assumption of integration into the local culture only. I further argue that international students do not purely experience homesickness but actually produce diasporic subjectivity in their temporary migration for academic pursuits.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47319252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1163/09763457-tat00003
M. Lotfalipour, M. Falahi, A. Zareei, A. Matuszczak
In this study, we examined different models for the motivation of the Iranian diaspora to send remittances to Iran, with and without governance indicators, to analyse the impact of economic factors and governance indicators on remittances. The results based on the generalised method of moments (GMM) method show that the income level of the origin and host country had positive and significant effects on the diasporas’ motivation for remittances to Iran. Also, Iran’s real exchange rate has a negative impact on remittances, whereas the interest rate differential is positive. The results confirm that the quality of governance and its indicators are essential factors for remittances. Overall, the macroeconomic conditions, along with good governance in Iran, have influenced remittances. Between investment and altruistic motives, altruism has been the primary motivation of remittances due to the lack of good economic and governance conditions in Iran during the years under review.
{"title":"How Good Governance (GG) Affects Diaspora Motivations for Remittances to Iran","authors":"M. Lotfalipour, M. Falahi, A. Zareei, A. Matuszczak","doi":"10.1163/09763457-tat00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09763457-tat00003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, we examined different models for the motivation of the Iranian diaspora to send remittances to Iran, with and without governance indicators, to analyse the impact of economic factors and governance indicators on remittances. The results based on the generalised method of moments (GMM) method show that the income level of the origin and host country had positive and significant effects on the diasporas’ motivation for remittances to Iran. Also, Iran’s real exchange rate has a negative impact on remittances, whereas the interest rate differential is positive. The results confirm that the quality of governance and its indicators are essential factors for remittances. Overall, the macroeconomic conditions, along with good governance in Iran, have influenced remittances. Between investment and altruistic motives, altruism has been the primary motivation of remittances due to the lack of good economic and governance conditions in Iran during the years under review.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48200726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1163/09763457-tat00001
Mohammed Alrmizan
Both Arab and Muslim migrants have noticeable populations in all parts of the world. This article qualitatively investigates the Arabs, the Muslims, and mainly diaspora and transnationalism theories from historical and social understandings, based on primary and secondary sources. It engages conceptually in defining Arabs and Muslims through the lenses of diaspora and transnationalism theories, discusses theoretical issues and explores the status of the Arab and the Muslim diaspora(s) and transnational communities through primary data and the findings of the Global Muslim Diaspora Project, which surveyed 7,147 participants between 2018 and 2019. The report shows that the Arab experience abroad might be best described as diaspora, whereas Muslim migrants would be best referred to as transnational communities. Diaspora and transnationalism theories, among others, and particularly migration theories, must not be used interchangeably; each term should be used carefully to avoid confusion, especially when Arabs and Muslims are being studied.
{"title":"The Arabs and the Muslims","authors":"Mohammed Alrmizan","doi":"10.1163/09763457-tat00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09763457-tat00001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Both Arab and Muslim migrants have noticeable populations in all parts of the world. This article qualitatively investigates the Arabs, the Muslims, and mainly diaspora and transnationalism theories from historical and social understandings, based on primary and secondary sources. It engages conceptually in defining Arabs and Muslims through the lenses of diaspora and transnationalism theories, discusses theoretical issues and explores the status of the Arab and the Muslim diaspora(s) and transnational communities through primary data and the findings of the Global Muslim Diaspora Project, which surveyed 7,147 participants between 2018 and 2019. The report shows that the Arab experience abroad might be best described as diaspora, whereas Muslim migrants would be best referred to as transnational communities. Diaspora and transnationalism theories, among others, and particularly migration theories, must not be used interchangeably; each term should be used carefully to avoid confusion, especially when Arabs and Muslims are being studied.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49593386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1163/09763457-tat00002
Dila Naz Madenoglu
A sense of belonging is one of the most important human needs. Immigrants might experience this differently because they tend to feel a lack of belonging to their host or home country. Nowadays, however, social media allows immigrants and diasporic groups to establish a digital sense of belonging. Members of the Turkish diaspora in Germany are inclined to use social media, especially Facebook, as a platform to connect with their roots, be informed about Turkish news, prove their Turkishness, and provide solidarity for each other. For this paper, we interviewed fifteen Turkish-Germans to get some insight into their perceptions about developing a digital belonging to Turkey through Facebook. We used discourse analysis to analyse their statements. The results suggest that Facebook allows Turkish-Germans to develop a digital belonging to Turkey through its specific features; however, it decreases their sense of belonging to Germany, as stated in the interviews.
{"title":"Establishing a Digital Belonging","authors":"Dila Naz Madenoglu","doi":"10.1163/09763457-tat00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09763457-tat00002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A sense of belonging is one of the most important human needs. Immigrants might experience this differently because they tend to feel a lack of belonging to their host or home country. Nowadays, however, social media allows immigrants and diasporic groups to establish a digital sense of belonging. Members of the Turkish diaspora in Germany are inclined to use social media, especially Facebook, as a platform to connect with their roots, be informed about Turkish news, prove their Turkishness, and provide solidarity for each other. For this paper, we interviewed fifteen Turkish-Germans to get some insight into their perceptions about developing a digital belonging to Turkey through Facebook. We used discourse analysis to analyse their statements. The results suggest that Facebook allows Turkish-Germans to develop a digital belonging to Turkey through its specific features; however, it decreases their sense of belonging to Germany, as stated in the interviews.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44676624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1163/09763457-bja10013
Gözde Böcü, Nidhi Panwar
How and why do right-wing populist parties engage in diaspora outreach? This article uses populism as a lens through to study diaspora engagement, and compares strategies used by right-wing parties in power (Turkey’s AKP and India’s BJP) to access their diasporas. While we find that polarising and civilisationist discourses are adopted in both cases for uniting the diaspora behind the populist in power, we argue that these strategies are implemented for different purposes. In the Turkish case, the promotion of Turkish and Sunni-Muslim identification serves the purpose of garnering electoral support behind the ruling party, while in the Indian case, identification with Hindutva is used to achieve the financial and developmental goals of the ruling party. By comparing outreach strategies through the analysis of policies and practices employed by the parties as well as the activities of their diasporic organisations, the article contributes to debates on party-led diaspora engagement.
{"title":"Populist Diaspora Engagement","authors":"Gözde Böcü, Nidhi Panwar","doi":"10.1163/09763457-bja10013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09763457-bja10013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How and why do right-wing populist parties engage in diaspora outreach? This article uses populism as a lens through to study diaspora engagement, and compares strategies used by right-wing parties in power (Turkey’s AKP and India’s BJP) to access their diasporas. While we find that polarising and civilisationist discourses are adopted in both cases for uniting the diaspora behind the populist in power, we argue that these strategies are implemented for different purposes. In the Turkish case, the promotion of Turkish and Sunni-Muslim identification serves the purpose of garnering electoral support behind the ruling party, while in the Indian case, identification with Hindutva is used to achieve the financial and developmental goals of the ruling party. By comparing outreach strategies through the analysis of policies and practices employed by the parties as well as the activities of their diasporic organisations, the article contributes to debates on party-led diaspora engagement.","PeriodicalId":42341,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43650904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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