{"title":"Challenges of system operations & market operations with distributed resources","authors":"J. Tong","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286167","url":null,"abstract":"Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: PJM operations; transmission system; distribution system; PJM EMS modeling; demand side response; PJM market; smart grid; price responsive demand; AES grid-scale energy storage system; water heater; secondary cells; microgrid; centralized grid control; autonomous grid control; and SCADA.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124472835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286185
J. Soares, Nuno Borges, B. Canizes, Z. Vale
This paper presents a framework and methodology to estimate the possible states of Electric Vehicles (EVs) regarding their location and periods of connection in the grid. A Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is implemented to estimate the probability of occurrence of these states. The framework assumes the availability of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) technology and previous data records to obtain the probabilistic states. A case study is presented using a fleet of 15 EVs considering a smart grid environment. A high accuracy was obtained with 1 million iterations in MCS.
{"title":"Probabilistic estimation of the state of Electric Vehicles for smart grid applications in big data context","authors":"J. Soares, Nuno Borges, B. Canizes, Z. Vale","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286185","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a framework and methodology to estimate the possible states of Electric Vehicles (EVs) regarding their location and periods of connection in the grid. A Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is implemented to estimate the probability of occurrence of these states. The framework assumes the availability of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) technology and previous data records to obtain the probabilistic states. A case study is presented using a fleet of 15 EVs considering a smart grid environment. A high accuracy was obtained with 1 million iterations in MCS.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124057970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286129
J. Follum, J. Pierre
In power systems forced oscillations occur, and identification of these oscillations is important for the proper operation of the system. Two of the parameters of interest in analyzing and addressing forced oscillations are the starting and ending points. To obtain estimates of these parameters, this paper proposes a time-localization algorithm based on the geometric analysis of the sample cross-correlation between the measured data and a complex sinusoid at the frequency of the forced oscillation. Results from simulated and measured synchrophasor data demonstrate the algorithm's ability to accurately estimate the starting and ending points of forced oscillations.
{"title":"Time-localization of forced oscillations in power systems","authors":"J. Follum, J. Pierre","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286129","url":null,"abstract":"In power systems forced oscillations occur, and identification of these oscillations is important for the proper operation of the system. Two of the parameters of interest in analyzing and addressing forced oscillations are the starting and ending points. To obtain estimates of these parameters, this paper proposes a time-localization algorithm based on the geometric analysis of the sample cross-correlation between the measured data and a complex sinusoid at the frequency of the forced oscillation. Results from simulated and measured synchrophasor data demonstrate the algorithm's ability to accurately estimate the starting and ending points of forced oscillations.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126233188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286149
J. J. Ayon, S. Narasimhan
The dynamic behavior of large interconnected power systems can be provided by wide-area measurement systems. Motivated by this, the use of on-line techniques has been developed, as well as multivariate methods have been proposed to extract useful patterns from a large data set. In this paper, a multivariable technique to identify and extract dynamic patterns from simultaneously measured data is proposed. One dynamic pattern or a limited set of dynamic patterns can be sequentially extracted. The technique combines blind source extraction with a recursive least squares adaptive filter, which exploits the temporal structure of the measured signals. In order to show the applicability of the proposed methodology, a numerical simulation of a four-machine, two-area test system is carried out. Results indicate that the method has the ability to estimate modal responses and mode shapes.
{"title":"Using an on-line BSE technique for wide-area oscillations monitoring","authors":"J. J. Ayon, S. Narasimhan","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286149","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic behavior of large interconnected power systems can be provided by wide-area measurement systems. Motivated by this, the use of on-line techniques has been developed, as well as multivariate methods have been proposed to extract useful patterns from a large data set. In this paper, a multivariable technique to identify and extract dynamic patterns from simultaneously measured data is proposed. One dynamic pattern or a limited set of dynamic patterns can be sequentially extracted. The technique combines blind source extraction with a recursive least squares adaptive filter, which exploits the temporal structure of the measured signals. In order to show the applicability of the proposed methodology, a numerical simulation of a four-machine, two-area test system is carried out. Results indicate that the method has the ability to estimate modal responses and mode shapes.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126392654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286405
I. Sharma, Kankar Bhattacharya, C. Cañizares
This paper presents a new modeling framework for analysis of impact and scheduling of price-responsive as well as controllable loads in a three-phase unbalanced distribution system. The price-responsive loads are assumed to be linearly or exponentially dependent on price, i.e., demand reduces as price increases and vice versa. The effect of such uncontrolled price-responsive loads on the distribution feeder is studied as customers seek to reduce their energy cost. Secondly, a novel constant energy load model, which is controllable by the local distribution company (LDC), is proposed in this paper. A controllable load is one that can be scheduled by the LDC through remote signals, demand response programs, or customer-end home energy management systems. Minimization of cost of energy drawn by LDC, feeder losses, and customers cost pertaining to the controllable component of the load are considered as objectives from the LDCs and customers' perspective. The effect of a peak demand constraint on the controllability of the load is further examined. The proposed models are tested on two feeders: 1) the IEEE 13-node test feeder; and 2) a practical LDC feeder system. Detailed studies examine the operational aspects of price-responsive and controllable loads on the overall system. It is observed that the LDC controlled load model results in a more uniform system load profile, and that with a reduction in the peak demand cap, the energy drawn decreases, consequently reducing feeder losses and LDC's and customers' costs.
{"title":"Smart distribution system operations with price-responsive and controllable loads","authors":"I. Sharma, Kankar Bhattacharya, C. Cañizares","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286405","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new modeling framework for analysis of impact and scheduling of price-responsive as well as controllable loads in a three-phase unbalanced distribution system. The price-responsive loads are assumed to be linearly or exponentially dependent on price, i.e., demand reduces as price increases and vice versa. The effect of such uncontrolled price-responsive loads on the distribution feeder is studied as customers seek to reduce their energy cost. Secondly, a novel constant energy load model, which is controllable by the local distribution company (LDC), is proposed in this paper. A controllable load is one that can be scheduled by the LDC through remote signals, demand response programs, or customer-end home energy management systems. Minimization of cost of energy drawn by LDC, feeder losses, and customers cost pertaining to the controllable component of the load are considered as objectives from the LDCs and customers' perspective. The effect of a peak demand constraint on the controllability of the load is further examined. The proposed models are tested on two feeders: 1) the IEEE 13-node test feeder; and 2) a practical LDC feeder system. Detailed studies examine the operational aspects of price-responsive and controllable loads on the overall system. It is observed that the LDC controlled load model results in a more uniform system load profile, and that with a reduction in the peak demand cap, the energy drawn decreases, consequently reducing feeder losses and LDC's and customers' costs.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126437673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286356
Chun Wei, W. Qiao, Yue Zhao
This paper proposes a novel rotor position estimation algorithm used for reference frame transformation in the direct power control (DPC) of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in wind power applications. The proposed algorithm can be used as a primary rotor position information provider to replace the rotor position sensor or a backup rotor position information provider during the malfunction of the rotor position sensor to achieve secure and stable operations of the wind power generation system. The proposed rotor position estimation algorithm is based on a nonlinear sliding-mode observer (SMO), which has the advantages such as parameter insensitivity and high robustness to system structure uncertainty. The proposed SMO only requires the information of the stator resistance and inductance while the proportional-integral (PI) controller is not required, thus simplifying the system design by removing the need of tuning PI parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed sensorless DPC scheme is confirmed by the simulation results for a 2-MW-DFIG system in MATLAB/Simulink.
{"title":"Sliding-mode observer-based sensorless direct power control of DFIGs for wind power applications","authors":"Chun Wei, W. Qiao, Yue Zhao","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286356","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel rotor position estimation algorithm used for reference frame transformation in the direct power control (DPC) of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in wind power applications. The proposed algorithm can be used as a primary rotor position information provider to replace the rotor position sensor or a backup rotor position information provider during the malfunction of the rotor position sensor to achieve secure and stable operations of the wind power generation system. The proposed rotor position estimation algorithm is based on a nonlinear sliding-mode observer (SMO), which has the advantages such as parameter insensitivity and high robustness to system structure uncertainty. The proposed SMO only requires the information of the stator resistance and inductance while the proportional-integral (PI) controller is not required, thus simplifying the system design by removing the need of tuning PI parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed sensorless DPC scheme is confirmed by the simulation results for a 2-MW-DFIG system in MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128081723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286636
R. Bo, Charles Wu, Jie Yan, L. Hecker, Zheng Zhou
Economic transmission planning aims at identifying transmission solutions that reduce system congestion and increase market efficiency. The resulting economic benefits can be quantified by intensive simulations. However, with the rapid increase in the number of transmission proposals for evaluation, the computational requirements may become prohibitive, and therefore it is beneficial to develop an effective and computational efficient screening methodology to screen transmission solutions and identify promising ones for further refinement and full economic evaluation. This paper discusses the guiding principles of an ideal transmission screening method, and proposes a novel LODF-based screening approach. The proposed heuristic yet effective method has been successfully applied in MISO economic transmission planning studies. A case study is provided to demonstrate its effectiveness and advantages.
{"title":"LODF-based transmission solution screening method in economic transmission planning","authors":"R. Bo, Charles Wu, Jie Yan, L. Hecker, Zheng Zhou","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286636","url":null,"abstract":"Economic transmission planning aims at identifying transmission solutions that reduce system congestion and increase market efficiency. The resulting economic benefits can be quantified by intensive simulations. However, with the rapid increase in the number of transmission proposals for evaluation, the computational requirements may become prohibitive, and therefore it is beneficial to develop an effective and computational efficient screening methodology to screen transmission solutions and identify promising ones for further refinement and full economic evaluation. This paper discusses the guiding principles of an ideal transmission screening method, and proposes a novel LODF-based screening approach. The proposed heuristic yet effective method has been successfully applied in MISO economic transmission planning studies. A case study is provided to demonstrate its effectiveness and advantages.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127873487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286622
M. Tabrizi, M. Sahni, N. Prakash, Vincent Martinelli, J. Simonelli
The increasing penetration of DER technologies is accompanied with challenges associated with changing system operation characteristics. Some of these challenges include load voltage regulation, reverse power flow issues, volt/VAR optimization and optimal use of sub-transmission and distribution facilities to reliably operate the system. This paper discusses the concept of a Low Voltage In-Line Power Regulator (LV-IPR) as a means to provide the necessary load voltage regulation and reactive compensation (under bi-directional power flow conditions) for reliable integration of DER technologies. A simplified dynamic model for the LV-IPR has been developed for the purposes of sub-transmission system studies and benchmarked with the detailed model. The performance of the LV-IPR has been evaluated on a sample utility distribution feeder in terms of its ability to provide load voltage regulation, reactive compensation and enhanced reliability for distributed PV integration. Finally, the capability of the LV-IPR to ensure no interference with the conventional protection schemes on the distribution system has also been established.
{"title":"Utilization of Low Voltage In-Line Power Regulator for reliable integration & performance of DER technologies","authors":"M. Tabrizi, M. Sahni, N. Prakash, Vincent Martinelli, J. Simonelli","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286622","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of DER technologies is accompanied with challenges associated with changing system operation characteristics. Some of these challenges include load voltage regulation, reverse power flow issues, volt/VAR optimization and optimal use of sub-transmission and distribution facilities to reliably operate the system. This paper discusses the concept of a Low Voltage In-Line Power Regulator (LV-IPR) as a means to provide the necessary load voltage regulation and reactive compensation (under bi-directional power flow conditions) for reliable integration of DER technologies. A simplified dynamic model for the LV-IPR has been developed for the purposes of sub-transmission system studies and benchmarked with the detailed model. The performance of the LV-IPR has been evaluated on a sample utility distribution feeder in terms of its ability to provide load voltage regulation, reactive compensation and enhanced reliability for distributed PV integration. Finally, the capability of the LV-IPR to ensure no interference with the conventional protection schemes on the distribution system has also been established.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121685819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286269
Guangyuan Zhang, J. McCalley
Under high penetration of wind and solar, the power system is facing the challenge to maintain the balance between generation and load due to the insufficient ramping capability. To resolve this challenge, a new market mechanism was proposed by many ISOs to add the flexible ramping constraints or flexible ramping product to maintain the ramping flexibility in addressing net load uncertainty and variability. The current market practice is mainly based on a deterministic method for identifying the ramping capability requirement, which may increasingly result in insufficient ramping capability. This situation can be further aggravated if deliverability of the flexible ramping product is overly constrained by insufficient transmission. In this paper, a stochastic economic dispatch model with flexible ramping product, accounting for deliverability constraints, is developed to effectively handle the net load uncertainty and variability.
{"title":"Stochastic look-ahead economic dispatch with flexible ramping product","authors":"Guangyuan Zhang, J. McCalley","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286269","url":null,"abstract":"Under high penetration of wind and solar, the power system is facing the challenge to maintain the balance between generation and load due to the insufficient ramping capability. To resolve this challenge, a new market mechanism was proposed by many ISOs to add the flexible ramping constraints or flexible ramping product to maintain the ramping flexibility in addressing net load uncertainty and variability. The current market practice is mainly based on a deterministic method for identifying the ramping capability requirement, which may increasingly result in insufficient ramping capability. This situation can be further aggravated if deliverability of the flexible ramping product is overly constrained by insufficient transmission. In this paper, a stochastic economic dispatch model with flexible ramping product, accounting for deliverability constraints, is developed to effectively handle the net load uncertainty and variability.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121725692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286289
J. Villavicencio, R. Ramírez, E. Pereira-Bonvallet
A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for scheduling of the short-term operation of a price-taker hydroelectric plant is presented. The objective of the model is to maximize the profit of energy production in the next hours' operations. Non-linear production curves of hydro power units are considered through a piecewise representation. A detailed modeling of the hydro network is also described. Realistic test-cases of Los Molles and Sauzal-Sauzalito power plants, both part of the Enel group operations in Chile, are analyzed in detail. Results of real operation are compared to the schedules produced with the model showing the potential of the proposed approach in the industry.
{"title":"Short term self scheduling of hydro power plants with intra-day regulation capacity. Case study of Los Molles and Sauzal in Chile","authors":"J. Villavicencio, R. Ramírez, E. Pereira-Bonvallet","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286289","url":null,"abstract":"A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for scheduling of the short-term operation of a price-taker hydroelectric plant is presented. The objective of the model is to maximize the profit of energy production in the next hours' operations. Non-linear production curves of hydro power units are considered through a piecewise representation. A detailed modeling of the hydro network is also described. Realistic test-cases of Los Molles and Sauzal-Sauzalito power plants, both part of the Enel group operations in Chile, are analyzed in detail. Results of real operation are compared to the schedules produced with the model showing the potential of the proposed approach in the industry.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115884388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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