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Bei welchen psychosomatischen Patienten sind berufsbezogene Therapiebausteine indiziert? Therapeutenentscheidung und operationalisierte Zuweisungskriterien im Vergleich 可能那些有职业疗法的病人,是怎样的呢?差别输入标准
Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15986
A. Hillert, D. Staedtke, U. Cuntz, K. Hafen1 Jastrebow2 Nübling2 Bengel1
: The necessity to offer special therapeutic programmes focusing on job related problems in psychosomatic rehabilitation has become increasingly evident. Which patients should participate in such programmes? This question has not yet been discussed with regard to its theoretical and methodological implications. In clinical practice the decision has been based on the therapists evaluation. 105 patients, consecutively admitted in a psychosomatic hospital were interviewed with a screening questionnaire about their job related strains and the perceived interaction between symptomatology and job. According to the literature guidelines for inclusion of psychosomatic patients to a special work hardening programme were used. Therapists were asked to independently assign their patients to the programme. The overlap between the two procedures was small. While the guidelines focussed on a high level of job strain and the patient's motivation for a job-related therapeutic approach, the therapists' decision was based on duration of inability to work, impairments at work due to the symptoms, conflicts with colleagues at work and the patient's ability to perceive problems in a differentiated manner. Considering the problem of inclusion-criteria for a work hardening programme, the highly complex constellations behind routine therapeutic decisions in psychosomatic rehabilitation became evident. To integrate medical diagnosis, symptomatology, psychological models, job strain, the patient's social situation and values, is a neglected but important goal of rehabilitation sciences and should be a base for a concept guiding the development, evaluation and establishment of work related therapeutic programmes.
针对身心康复工作相关问题提供特殊治疗方案的必要性日益明显。哪些病人应该参加这些项目?这个问题尚未就其理论和方法影响进行讨论。在临床实践中,决定是基于治疗师的评估。对105例连续入住某心身医院的患者进行工作压力及症状与工作相互作用的问卷调查。根据文献指南,纳入心身病人到一个特殊的工作硬化程序被使用。治疗师被要求独立地为他们的病人分配项目。这两个程序之间的重叠部分很小。虽然指导方针关注的是高水平的工作压力和患者对与工作相关的治疗方法的动机,但治疗师的决定是基于无法工作的持续时间、因症状造成的工作障碍、与同事的冲突以及患者以不同方式感知问题的能力。考虑到工作硬化计划的纳入标准问题,心身康复常规治疗决策背后的高度复杂的星座变得明显。整合医学诊断、症状学、心理模型、工作压力、患者的社会状况和价值观,是康复科学被忽视但重要的目标,应作为指导制定、评估和建立与工作相关的治疗方案的概念基础。
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引用次数: 9
Erfahrungen schwerbehinderter Arbeitnehmer mit betrieblichen Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Weiterbeschäftigung. Ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung 难缠的工人有与其他人接触的经验。实证调查所得
Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15990
S. Bahlke
While the public has been paying attention to the topics illness and disability with respect to public health, long-term care insurance and public old age insurance systems for years, the risk of becoming disabled at work has been considered less. Research in this area has for a long time been focused on questions regarding first-time entry and return to work of disabled persons into the regular labour market. Also, much policy research has tended to deny an active role of the enterprise as an independent player and creator of policy in the management of disability. Hence only little documentation of employers' programmes and strategies as well as analysis concerning the question of job retention is available. In order to cover the research deficit a study with regard to employment careers of severely disabled was conducted in Rhineland-Palatinate from 1997 to 1999. The study pursues two different paths: On the one hand living and working conditions of this group are analysed, on the other the study's purpose is to give an overview of employers' disability management practices from the severely disabled employees' point of view. This article deals with the results of the policies within the enterprise study. It concerns the analysis of the following issues: Does disability have a negative impact on the employees' careers? Which measures are preferred by the persons interviewed and why? The final question, whether the need for supporting measures ascertained may be satisfied by the existing instruments available under the German Severely Disabled Persons Act must be answered with a clear "No"! Employers and disabled employees need alternative measures of support.
虽然公众多年来一直关注与公共健康、长期护理保险和公共老年保险制度有关的疾病和残疾问题,但在工作中成为残疾的风险却很少被考虑。长期以来,这方面的研究一直集中在残疾人首次进入正规劳动力市场和重返工作岗位的问题上。此外,许多政策研究倾向于否认企业作为一个独立的参与者和政策创造者在残疾管理方面的积极作用。因此,关于雇主的方案和战略以及关于保留工作问题的分析的文件很少。为了弥补研究不足,1997年至1999年在莱茵兰-普法尔茨州进行了一项关于严重残疾人就业生涯的研究。本研究采取了两条不同的路径:一方面分析了这一群体的生活和工作条件,另一方面,研究的目的是从严重残疾员工的角度对雇主的残疾管理实践进行概述。本文讨论了企业内部政策研究的结果。它涉及以下问题的分析:残疾是否对员工的职业生涯产生负面影响?受访者更喜欢哪些措施?为什么?最后一个问题是,根据《德国严重残疾人法》现有的文书是否可以满足所确定的支助措施的需要,必须明确地回答“不”!雇主和残疾雇员需要其他支持措施。
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引用次数: 2
Mobilitätsergebnisse endoprothetisch versorgter Kniegelenke nach Anschlussheilbehandlung - Einflussgrößen auf die Erfolgsrate 移植后预接关节的行动结果影响疗效
Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-14722
W. Gehrke, W. Arnold
: Osteoarthritis of the knee is considered to be the most common degenerative joint disease and finally ends up in a total knee replacement. Pain relief, restoration of a passive knee stability and improvement of functional ability are the primary goals of arthroplasties. But at the surgeons' closing, the patient for the present has just a knee "ready to function". Making the new joint function and recovering quality of life are the major outcome criteria for the rehabilitation process. This retrospective research was performed to evaluate three different rehabilitation programmes provided for patients receiving knee arthroplasties. Included were 124 patients with unilateral knee arthroplasty due to primary gonarthritis. All three rehabilitation clinics were able to improve the functional ability of the affected joints significantly, without any quantitative differences among them. The main influence factor in reaching the therapy aim (defined as: full extension and flexion > or = 90 degrees) seems to be the length of stay in the rehab clinic, which in turn is dependent on the presence of complications. On the other hand complications did not directly affect the achievement of the rehab goal, neither did age of patients, number of days between discharge (from acute care) and admission (to the rehab clinic), nor any accompanying illnesses. There, hence, have to be additional factors which influence the length of stay and so indirectly the rehab aim, factors which obviously are not accessible to quantitative objective measuring methods.
膝关节骨关节炎被认为是最常见的退行性关节疾病,最终以全膝关节置换术告终。关节置换术的主要目的是减轻疼痛,恢复被动膝关节的稳定性和改善功能。但在手术结束时,病人目前只有一个“可以正常工作”的膝盖。关节功能的恢复和生活质量的恢复是康复过程的主要预后标准。本回顾性研究旨在评估为接受膝关节置换术患者提供的三种不同的康复方案。纳入124例因原发性膝关节炎而行单侧膝关节置换术的患者。三家康复诊所均能显著改善患关节的功能能力,且无数量差异。达到治疗目标(定义为:完全伸展和屈曲>或= 90度)的主要影响因素似乎是在康复诊所的停留时间,这反过来又取决于并发症的存在。另一方面,并发症并不直接影响康复目标的实现,患者的年龄、出院(从急性护理)到入院(到康复诊所)之间的天数以及任何伴随疾病也没有直接影响。因此,必须有其他因素影响住院时间,从而间接影响康复目标,这些因素显然无法用定量客观测量方法获得。
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引用次数: 4
Operative Behandlung und Rehabilitation zur Funktionsverbesserung bei Ausfall der Schultermuskulatur 为治疗肩部肌肉拉伤的外科疗法和康复功能
Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-14716
O. Rühmann, C. Wirth, S. Schmolke, F. Gossé, F. Brandt, A. Tempel
Einleitung: Patienten/Methode: Ergebnisse: Schlussfolgerungen: Introduction: Patients/methods: Results: Conclusions:
引言:病人/方法:结果:总结:进内:病人/方法:结果:
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引用次数: 9
Die Zukunft der Rehabilitation - Orientierungsrahmen für die Arbeit der Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation ab 2001 嗯,它的未来复工指导框架通过委员会工作,从2001年开始
Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-14719
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引用次数: 1
Vergleich von zwei kardiologischen Rehabilitationskliniken anhand der Wahrnehmung der Klinikumwelt durch die Patienten1 与患者对医疗环境的认知进行两种心智康复中心的比较
Pub Date : 2001-04-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-12480
O. Mittag
A cardiac medical center and a hospital for cardiac rehabilitation are compared. A total of 44 male patients were administered the German version of the "Ward Atmosphere Scale" (KUS). Both hospitals differ widely regarding manpower, costs, financing, and organization of services. Patients perceive a more rehabilitation oriented atmosphere in the rehabilitation hospital (e.g., support, preparation for the time after discharge from the hospital, personal orientation). On the other hand, the comprehensive medical potential of the cardiac centre is reflected in the patients perceptions of a stronger medical technology orientation. The results are discussed with regard to the validity of the questionnaire and as to the importance of a rehabilitative orientation.
比较心脏医学中心和心脏康复医院。对44例男性患者进行德国版“病房气氛量表”(KUS)。两家医院在人力、成本、融资和服务组织方面存在很大差异。患者在康复医院感受到一种更加以康复为导向的氛围(例如,支持、出院后的准备、个人指导)。另一方面,心脏中心的综合医疗潜力体现在患者对更强的医疗技术导向的感知上。结果讨论了关于问卷的有效性和康复取向的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Interaktive Fahrsimulation - ein neuer Weg zur Diagnose und Rehabilitation der Fahrtauglichkeit 交互式驾驶模拟——发现和改造驾驶能力的一种方法
Pub Date : 2001-04-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-12601
Th. Wolbers1, 2, J. Küst1, H. Karbe, J. Netz2, V. Hömberg2
Until recently, major methodological problems were faced in the assessment and rehabilitation of driving ability in neurological patients, concerning practical driving lessons and driving tests as well as neuropsychological tests and therapies. The use of highly-advanced driving simulators may solve parts of this problem. However, a basic requirement for effective rehabilitation is the patients' acceptance of this method. In a semi-standardized interview with 56 patients we found that the driving simulator recently installed in the Neurological Rehabilitation Centre "Godeshohe" was rated mainly positively. Also, patients experienced the simulator to be motivating, effective and informative. Hence, a very important prerequisite for successful use of driving simulators in neurological rehabilitation is given. Language: de
直到最近,神经系统疾病患者驾驶能力的评估和康复都面临着主要的方法问题,涉及实际驾驶课程和驾驶测试以及神经心理测试和治疗。使用高度先进的驾驶模拟器可以部分解决这个问题。然而,有效康复的一个基本要求是患者对这种方法的接受。在对56名患者的半标准化访谈中,我们发现最近在神经康复中心“Godeshohe”安装的驾驶模拟器主要是积极的评价。此外,患者体验到模拟器具有激励性、有效性和信息性。因此,给出了驾驶模拟器在神经康复中成功使用的一个非常重要的先决条件。语言:德
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引用次数: 4
Neustrukturierung des Sonderarbeitsmarkts für Menschen mit Behinderung durch die Reform des Reha-Rechts - Folgen für die Werkstatt für Behinderte 复兴法改革对残疾人的特殊劳动力市场的破坏对残疾人的劳动市场造成影响
Pub Date : 2001-04-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-12485
S. Wendt
The legal basis for employment of people with disabilities in sheltered Workshops for the Disabled (Werkstatten fur Behinderte, WfB) had hitherto been shaped by the 1961 Federal Social Assistance Act, the 1969 Employment Promotion Act, the 1974 Severely Disabled Persons Act with the related Workshop Ordinances of 1980 and 1996. The Act on Combating Unemployment of Severely Disabled Persons, effective as of Oct. 1, 2000 has now created a new legal foundation, which also is aimed at enhancing Workshop employees' horizontal mobility into the general job market, inter alia providing for access to Supported Employment arrangements and for availability of selective placement and support services (Integrationsfachdienste, IFD) throughout Germany. These Services also are intended as points of contact in the counselling of severely disabled school leavers in relation to placement opportunities in competitive jobs and/or integration projects or firms. Discussed from a legal perspective are the differences in sociolegal respects between such projects for severely disabled persons and employment in Workshops for the Disabled, as well as implications for the Workshops' own economic activity, also making reference to the forthcoming Book 9 of the Social Code.
迄今为止,由1961年的《联邦社会援助法》、1969年的《就业促进法》、1974年的《严重残疾人法》以及1980年和1996年的有关《车间条例》形成了残疾人在残疾人庇护工场就业的法律基础。自2000年10月1日起生效的《防止严重残疾人失业法》现已奠定了新的法律基础,其目的还在于提高车间雇员进入一般就业市场的横向流动性,除其他外,在德国全境提供获得支助就业安排和选择性安置和支助服务的机会。这些服务还将作为联络点,为严重残疾的离校学生提供有关竞争性工作和/或融入项目或公司的就业机会方面的咨询。从法律角度讨论了这类严重残疾人项目与残疾人讲习班就业之间在社会法律方面的差异,以及对讲习班本身经济活动的影响,同时也参考了即将出版的《社会法典》第9卷。
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引用次数: 0
Zusammenhang zwischen Erkrankung, Rehabilitation und Arbeit (ZERA) - Ein Schulungsprogramm für die medizinisch-berufliche Rehabilitation psychisch kranker Menschen 疾病、康复和工作之间的关系——培训项目,为医治精神病患者提供培训
Pub Date : 2001-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-12130
M. Hammer, I. Plößl
A training programme for rehabilitation of people with mental illness is presented, designed particularly for schizophrenic patients who need occupational rehabilitation. The training goal is to connect aspects of the schizophrenic disorder with vocational issues. It is aimed at supporting the participants in developing a realistic and appropriate vocational perspective in line with their illness related restrictions and current vocational possibilities, seeking to find out the individual's optimal ability to take stress so as to avoid over- or understimulation in vocational respects. The ZERA training has been developed for implementation in different medical and vocational rehabilitation settings for persons with mental illness. An initial control-group study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of this group training approach, and preliminary results have revealed changes in the experimental group in accordance with the objectives of the training and encourage further research.
提出了一项精神疾病患者康复培训方案,特别为需要职业康复的精神分裂症患者设计。培训目标是将精神分裂症的各个方面与职业问题联系起来。其目的是支持参与者根据他们的疾病相关限制和目前的职业可能性,发展一个现实和适当的职业观点,寻求找到个人承受压力的最佳能力,以避免在职业方面过度或不足的刺激。制定了ZERA培训方案,以便在不同的医疗和职业康复环境中为精神病患者实施。为了评估这种群体训练方法的有效性,我们进行了初步的对照组研究,初步结果揭示了实验组根据训练目标的变化,并鼓励进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 2
Gemeindenahe Rehabilitation für schwer psychisch Kranke? 严重精神病患者的社区康复?
Pub Date : 2001-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-12129
G. Längle, M. Mayenberger, A. Günthner
A central aim of reformatory efforts, as a consequence of the "Psychiatrieenquete" 1975 (a fundamental report of the situation of psychiatry in Germany), had been dehospitalisation of patients with chronic mental illness and their reintegration into the community. Despite a meanwhile well-developed range of community-based services, patients with severe mental illness only rarely get adequate care by these services. This holds especially true for patients with an unfavourable course of disease such as schizophrenia, severe personality disorder, skid-row alcoholism with multiple problems or for patients with double diagnosis. The reasons are barriers set up by the various services and their underlying concepts as well as structural problems in the health care system. Adapted to the special needs for help of these patients, we present a model for the community-based care of this group, combining elements of community psychiatry, addiction treatment and help for the homeless.
根据1975年《精神病学报告》(一份关于德国精神病学状况的基本报告),改革工作的一个中心目标是让慢性精神病患者出院并重新融入社会。与此同时,尽管一系列以社区为基础的服务发展良好,但患有严重精神疾病的患者很少能得到这些服务的充分照顾。这尤其适用于病程不利的患者,如精神分裂症、严重人格障碍、多重问题的慢性酒精中毒或双重诊断的患者。原因是各种服务及其基本概念设置的障碍以及卫生保健系统的结构性问题。为了适应这些患者的特殊需求,我们提出了一种基于社区的护理模式,结合了社区精神病学、成瘾治疗和帮助无家可归者的元素。
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引用次数: 5
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Rehabilitation Die
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