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Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on United Kingdom & Ireland Computing Education Research最新文献

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A Practice Enquiry Design to Investigate How Pair Programming Can Help with Constructing Automata 探究结对编程如何帮助构造自动机的实践探究设计
Oana Andrei
Finite state automata (FSA) are a fundamental concept in the theory of computation and the undergraduate computer science education. However often students encounter difficulties with the task of constructing them due their abstract, theoretical nature. We present a disciplinary enquiry design investigating to what extent Pair Programming (PP) as a collaborative learning activity impacts on Software Engineering (SE) undergraduate students’ perceived and assessed performance when used for the task of constructing FSA.
有限状态自动机是计算理论和计算机本科教育中的一个基本概念。然而,由于它们的抽象性和理论性,学生在构建它们的任务中经常遇到困难。我们提出了一项学科探究设计,调查结对编程(PP)作为一种协作学习活动,在多大程度上影响了软件工程(SE)本科生在构建FSA任务时的感知和评估表现。
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引用次数: 1
Developing an On-Campus Internship Model for Computing Students - An Alternative Experiential Learning Pathway 为计算机专业学生开发校园实习模式——另一种体验式学习途径
Seán McHugh, Keith Quille, Lorraine Carmody, Keith E. Nolan
Off-campus internships offer students the opportunity to practice and develop their technical, project and professional (soft) skills in an industry setting. It is an opportunity for students to improve their social and professional networks as well as to determine the career paths they wish to pursue after graduation. Internships have proven to be a predominant route to full-time early career graduate roles. Enterprise (for the purposes of this paper enterprise include for-profit business, civil service and public sector bodies) report that internships are beneficial as students bring new energy, fresh perspectives and innovation to the work projects and teams. Additionally, it provides early access to the new talent pool and the opportunity to assess employability of the intern during the internship period. However, not all students for various reasons can access traditional internship roles. This paper presents the development of the on-campus internship programme for computing students, which culminates in a model for delivering such a programme. The programme is a pathway for students who do not obtain off-campus internships, to gain experiential learning competencies to access future graduate careers. The development process is comprised of a comprehensive enterprise consultation, to determine their needs through 1) a focus group, 2) interviews and 3) surveys. Furthermore, this paper presents the findings of an on-campus internship pilot through student surveys. These consultations combined with the pilot informed the model design structured around three skills tracks. The work presented in this paper is of value to the computing education community, as the model provides the opportunity for institutions to develop an alternative student on-campus internship programme while still meeting employability needs.
校外实习为学生提供了在行业环境中实践和发展他们的技术、项目和专业(软)技能的机会。对于学生来说,这是一个改善他们的社会和专业网络的机会,也是一个确定他们毕业后想要追求的职业道路的机会。实习已被证明是成为全职早期职业毕业生的主要途径。企业(本文的目的企业包括营利性企业,公务员和公共部门机构)报告说,实习是有益的,因为学生带来新的能量,新的视角和创新的工作项目和团队。此外,它还提供了早期接触新人才库的机会,并有机会在实习期间评估实习生的就业能力。然而,由于种种原因,并不是所有的学生都能获得传统的实习机会。本文介绍了计算机专业学生的校园实习计划的发展,最终形成了一个提供这种计划的模型。该项目为没有获得校外实习机会的学生提供了一条途径,让他们获得体验式学习能力,从而进入未来的研究生职业生涯。开发过程包括全面的企业咨询,通过1)焦点小组,2)访谈和3)调查来确定他们的需求。此外,本文还介绍了通过学生调查进行的校园实习试点的结果。这些咨询与试点相结合,为围绕三个技能轨道构建的模型设计提供了信息。本文提出的工作对计算机教育界很有价值,因为该模型为院校提供了发展另一种学生在校实习计划的机会,同时仍能满足就业需求。
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引用次数: 0
Speeding Up Automated Assessment of Programming Exercises 加快程序设计练习的自动评估
Sami Sarsa, Juho Leinonen, Charles Koutcheme, Arto Hellas
Introductory programming courses around the world use automatic assessment. Automatic assessment for programming code is typically performed via unit tests which require computation time to execute, at times in significant amounts, leading to computation costs and delay in feedback to students. We present a step-based approach for speeding up automated assessment to address the issue, consisting of (1) a cache of past programming exercise submissions and their associated test results to avoid retesting equivalent new submissions; (2) static analysis to detect e.g. infinite loops (heuristically) ; (3) a machine learning model to evaluate programs without running them ; and (4) a traditional set of unit tests. When a student submits code for an exercise, the code is evaluated sequentially through each step, providing feedback to the student at the earliest possible time, reducing the need to run tests. We evaluate the impact of the proposed approach using data collected from an introductory programming course and demonstrate a considerable reduction in the number of exercise submissions that require running the tests (up to 80% of exercises). Using the approach leads to faster feedback in a more sustainable way, and also provides opportunities for precise non-exercise specific feedback in steps (2) and (3).
世界各地的编程入门课程都使用自动评估。对编程代码的自动评估通常是通过单元测试来执行的,这需要大量的计算时间,有时会导致计算成本和反馈给学生的延迟。我们提出了一种基于步骤的方法来加速自动评估以解决问题,包括:(1)缓存过去的编程练习提交及其相关的测试结果,以避免重新测试相同的新提交;(2)静态分析,以检测例如无限循环(启发式);(3)在不运行程序的情况下评估程序的机器学习模型;(4)一套传统的单元测试。当学生为练习提交代码时,通过每个步骤依次评估代码,在尽可能早的时间向学生提供反馈,减少运行测试的需要。使用该方法可以以更可持续的方式获得更快的反馈,并且还提供了在步骤(2)和(3)中进行精确的非运动特定反馈的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Integrated Graduate Skills for UK Computing Science Students 面向英国计算机科学专业学生的综合研究生技能
Rosanne English, Alan Hayes
In preparing computing science students for industry, degree content often focuses on technical skills such as programming. Such skills are essential for a successful post-study career in industry and is popular with students. However, industry notes that students are often limited in what can be referred to as graduate attributes or transferable skills. Such skills include effective teamwork, communication, and critical thinking amongst others. Similar gaps have also been demonstrated for computing science students more specifically, resulting in industry developing their own training programmes for graduates. To address this issue, graduate attributes could be incorporated more readily into computing curricula. Within the UK this is discussed in accreditation requirements as well as higher education frameworks. However, research which aims to explore how to achieve this is still comparatively limited. Building on existing work in this area, this paper presents a thematic analysis of graduate attributes at Russell Group Universities in the UK to identify the most common attribute themes, and uses the most frequent themes to begin to consider how these could be more readily embedded in CS curricula.
为了让计算机科学专业的学生为工业界做好准备,学位内容通常侧重于编程等技术技能。这些技能对于毕业后在工业界的成功职业生涯是必不可少的,并且很受学生们的欢迎。然而,业内人士指出,学生通常在所谓的毕业生属性或可转移技能方面受到限制。这些技能包括有效的团队合作、沟通和批判性思维。类似的差距也在计算机科学专业的学生身上得到了更具体的体现,这导致工业界为毕业生制定了自己的培训计划。为了解决这个问题,毕业生属性可以更容易地纳入计算机课程。在英国,这在认证要求和高等教育框架中都有讨论。然而,针对如何实现这一目标的研究仍然相对有限。在这一领域现有工作的基础上,本文对英国罗素集团大学的毕业生属性进行了专题分析,以确定最常见的属性主题,并使用最常见的主题开始考虑如何将这些主题更容易地嵌入CS课程。
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引用次数: 1
Who’s using my research? Influencing the impact of computing education research on practice 谁在用我的研究成果?影响计算机教育研究对实践的影响
Sue Sentance
The ultimate goal of any research relating to education is to make a difference, either directly or indirectly, to the learning experience. Educational research can generate reliable and valid answers to well-defined questions, providing evidence to inform changes to policy or practice [7]. Educational research in the domain of computer science is no exception. We can consider research-to-practice from three perspectives: educators, researchers and policymakers. Firstly, for educators the importance of research-informed practice is paramount, whether we are a school teacher (K-12 educator) or a university lecturer. However, we have seen both concerns about research reaching practice where is no evidence for its use [3, 5], and challenges impacting the implementation of research in the classroom [1]. Secondly, as researchers we necessarily want to focus on impact to ensure that our research is worthwhile and makes a difference. The creation of case studies demonstrating impact is an important part of the cycle of research excellence in the UK at least, determining funding and institutional reputation. However, research knowledge may be propositional rather than procedural or practical and narrowly-focused on single issues [1]. Thirdly, as governments around the world spend billions of pounds on education, it is crucial that policy is informed by research evidence [7]. Computer science education research (CSER) is a unique field in many ways. Unlike mathematics and science education research it has made its home in university computer science departments (rather than in faculties of education), and for decades it primarily focused on university-level teaching and learning. Higher education teaching practice is necessarily localised and the impact of some CSER has been arguably very local too, driven by excitement rather than educators’ familiarity with pedagogy [4]. In recent years we’ve seen the growth of CSER focusing on school education alongside the introduction of computing into many countries’ curricula around the world [6, 8]; with the lack of an established knowledge base on the teaching and assessment of computing we have the opportunity and responsibility to make our research as impactful as possible. Knowledge mobilisation (KM) provides us with a theoretical lens through which we can usefully analyse how knowledge provided by research can reach practice [9]. One KM framework suggests that knowledge can be mobilised through transfer, translation or transformation, or some combination of these mechanisms [1, 2], and provides a useful tool for a discussion of CSER and its impact on practice. In this UKICER keynote I will be examining the topic of the impact of research with specific reference to computer science education research, through both a discussion of KM and also highlighting practical suggestions for researchers. I hope through this keynote to promote conversation around the ways in which we can all focus on impact in CSER and loo
任何与教育有关的研究的最终目标都是直接或间接地改变学习经验。教育研究可以为定义明确的问题提供可靠和有效的答案,为政策或实践的变化提供证据[7]。计算机科学领域的教育研究也不例外。我们可以从教育工作者、研究人员和政策制定者三个角度来考虑从研究到实践。首先,对于教育工作者来说,无论我们是学校教师(K-12教育工作者)还是大学讲师,以研究为依据的实践的重要性都是至关重要的。然而,我们也看到了两方面的担忧,即没有证据表明研究的应用会影响实践[3,5],以及影响课堂研究实施的挑战[1]。其次,作为研究人员,我们必须关注影响,以确保我们的研究是有价值的,并有所作为。至少在英国,展示影响力的案例研究的创造是卓越研究周期的重要组成部分,决定着资金和机构声誉。然而,研究知识可能是命题性的,而不是程序性的或实践性的,并且狭隘地集中在单一问题上[1]。第三,随着世界各国政府在教育上花费数十亿英镑,研究证据为政策提供信息是至关重要的[7]。计算机科学教育研究(CSER)在许多方面都是一个独特的领域。与数学和科学教育研究不同,它在大学计算机科学系(而不是教育院系)扎根,几十年来,它主要关注大学水平的教与学。高等教育教学实践必然是本地化的,一些CSER的影响也可以说是非常本地化的,这是由兴奋而不是教育者对教学法的熟悉所驱动的[4]。近年来,我们看到CSER越来越关注学校教育,同时世界上许多国家的课程中也引入了计算机[6,8];由于在计算机教学和评估方面缺乏成熟的知识基础,我们有机会也有责任使我们的研究尽可能具有影响力。知识动员(KM)为我们提供了一个理论视角,通过它我们可以有效地分析研究提供的知识如何达到实践[9]。一个知识管理框架表明,知识可以通过转移、翻译或转化,或这些机制的某种组合来调动[1,2],并为讨论CSER及其对实践的影响提供了一个有用的工具。在这次UKICER的主题演讲中,我将探讨研究的影响这一主题,具体涉及计算机科学教育研究,通过对知识管理的讨论,并强调对研究人员的实用建议。我希望通过这次主题演讲来促进围绕我们都能关注CSER影响的方式的对话,并期待在会议期间进行许多令人兴奋的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Variations in Sense of Belonging in Undergraduate Computing Students Through the COVID-19 Pandemic 计算机专业本科生在 COVID-19 大流行中的归属感变化
Shamima Nasrin Runa, Brett A. Becker, Catherine Mooney
Student sense of belonging, or belongingness, is important and has been associated with motivation, persistence, and other outcomes. However, belongingness varies according to factors such as race/ethnicity and gender [2]. In previous work, there have been statistically significant differences in the belongingness of computing students identifying as women and as part of a minority [2]. During the COVID-19 pandemic there was a reduction in the belongingness of students identifying as men, and those not identifying as being part of a minority, and an increase in the belongingness of women identifying as a minority [3]. Our current work shows that the belongingness of men and women not identifying as being part of a minority has not returned to pre-pandemic levels, despite returning to campus, and a further statistically significant drop in the belongingness of men who identify as part of a minority. This work shows that further efforts need to be made to restore student belongingness to pre-pandemic levels and may yield insight into how events affect belongingness.
学生的归属感很重要,与动机、毅力和其他结果有关。然而,归属感因种族/民族和性别等因素而异[2]。在之前的研究中,计算机专业学生的女性归属感和少数族裔归属感存在统计学上的显著差异[2]。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,自认为属于男性和非少数群体的学生的归属感有所减少,自认为属于少数群体的女性学生的归属感有所增加[3]。我们目前的工作表明,尽管重返校园,但不认为自己属于少数群体的男女的归属感并没有恢复到大流行前的水平,而认为自己属于少数群体的男性的归属感在统计上进一步显著下降。这项工作表明,需要进一步努力将学生的归属感恢复到大流行前的水平,并可能深入了解事件如何影响归属感。
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引用次数: 3
Computing Competencies for Engineering Students 工科学生的计算机能力
Joe Dillane, Ioannis Karvelas, Brett A. Becker
As skills are abilities acquired over time with practice, it follows that if students are to learn computing skills and competencies they should be given suitable support and opportunity. We present a new integrated approach to teaching computing to non-CS majors – specifically engineers – and a research study that has been designed to evaluate its effect on the learning and behaviour of these students. By embedding computing in the assessment of modules across the curriculum, this research also aims to demonstrate how this approach may support learning across multiple disciplines.
由于技能是通过长期实践获得的能力,因此,如果学生要学习计算机技能和能力,他们应该得到适当的支持和机会。我们提出了一种新的综合方法,向非计算机科学专业的学生——特别是工程师——教授计算机,并进行了一项研究,旨在评估其对这些学生的学习和行为的影响。通过将计算嵌入到课程模块的评估中,本研究还旨在证明这种方法如何支持跨学科的学习。
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引用次数: 0
Weekly Fluctuations in Motivation in Introductory Programming 入门编程中每周的动机波动
Hannu Pesonen, Arto Hellas
In this study, we look into fluctuations in types of motivation in an introductory programming course. Using weekly surveys to measure intrinsic motivation through interest and enjoyment, willingness to learn, interest in context, and time spent on the programming course, we study the evolution of students’ motivation throughout the course. We identify subgroups based on the collected data, and study to what extent the early course motivation and time spent on the course can be used to predict course retention. We observe substantial fluctuations in motivation and time spent over the course rounds, and further identify three subgroups of students in the data with considerable variation in motivation and time spent. At the same time, we observe that despite marked differences in motivation and the time that students spend on the course, these differences, early on in the course, do not seem to help in predicting course dropouts.
在这项研究中,我们研究了编程入门课程中动机类型的波动。通过每周调查来衡量内在动机,包括兴趣和享受、学习意愿、对环境的兴趣以及在编程课程上花费的时间,我们研究了学生在整个课程中动机的演变。我们根据收集到的数据确定了子群体,并研究了在多大程度上早期的课程动机和花费在课程上的时间可以用来预测课程保留。我们观察到在每一轮课程中,学生的动机和花费的时间都有很大的波动,并在数据中进一步确定了三个学生亚组,他们的动机和花费的时间都有很大的变化。同时,我们观察到,尽管在动机和学生花在课程上的时间上有明显的差异,但这些差异,在课程的早期,似乎无助于预测课程的退学。
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引用次数: 1
Computing in School in the UK & Ireland: A Comparative Study 英国与爱尔兰学校计算机教学的比较研究
Sue Sentance, Diana Kirby, Keith Quille, Elizabeth Cole, T. Crick, Nicola Looker
Many countries have increased their focus on computing in primary and secondary education in recent years and the UK and Ireland are no exception. The four nations of the UK have distinct and separate education systems, with England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland offering different national curricula, qualifications, and teacher education opportunities; this is the same for the Republic of Ireland. This paper describes computing education in these five jurisdictions and reports on the results of a survey conducted with computing teachers. A validated instrument was localised and used for this study, with 512 completed responses received from teachers across all five countries The results demonstrate distinct differences in the experiences of the computing teachers surveyed that align with the policy and provision for computing education in the UK and Ireland. This paper increases our understanding of the differences in computing education provision in schools across the UK and Ireland, and will be relevant to all those working to understand policy around computing education in school.
近年来,许多国家在中小学教育中都加大了对计算机的关注,英国和爱尔兰也不例外。联合王国的四个国家有各自不同的教育体系,英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰提供不同的国家课程、资格证书和教师教育机会;爱尔兰共和国也是如此。本文描述了这五个司法管辖区的计算机教育,并报告了对计算机教师进行的调查结果。一种经过验证的工具被本地化并用于本研究,从所有五个国家的教师那里收到了512份完整的回复。结果表明,被调查的计算机教师的经验存在明显差异,这与英国和爱尔兰的计算机教育政策和规定相一致。本文增加了我们对英国和爱尔兰学校计算机教育提供差异的理解,并将与所有那些努力了解学校计算机教育政策的人相关。
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引用次数: 1
A computational thinking module for secondary students and pre-service teachers using Bebras-style tasks 一个计算思维模块,中学生和职前教师使用bebras风格的任务
Taina Lehtimäki, James H. Hamm, Aidan Mooney, K. Casey, Rosemary Monahan, T. Naughton
We have developed a Transition Year (TY) computational thinking module (for 15-16 year olds) based on Bebras tasks that was delivered online by teachers at 240 schools in Ireland during 2021-2022. To serve primary and secondary pre-service teachers, we have started developing a 24-hour module based on this TY module. We are co-creating the module with education experts and CS academics working collaboratively. The education experts consist of academics and pre-service teachers from both primary and secondary teaching departments at our institution.
我们开发了一个过渡年(TY)计算思维模块(15-16岁),该模块基于Bebras的任务,由爱尔兰240所学校的教师在2021-2022年期间在线交付。为了服务中小学职前教师,我们在此基础上开发了24小时教学模块。我们正在与教育专家和计算机科学学者合作创建该模块。教育专家由来自我院中小学教学部门的学者和职前教师组成。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on United Kingdom & Ireland Computing Education Research
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