Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341393
M. Hasan
In January 1991, some Palestinian citizens of Israel (formerly Israeli Arabs), mostly young women who came to the city of Haifa from different villages together with some Haifa residents, met to discuss feminism, the status of Palestinian women in Israel, and the need for a feminist organization. Following this meeting, al-Fanar was born as the Palestinian Feminist Organization. During the eight years of its existence, 1991–8, al-Fanar had a dual mission to oppose all the laws and traditions that oppress women and to fight laws discriminating against the Palestinian people. Its ability to act stemmed from its foundation as an urban movement outside the control of the patriarchal familial system. In its activities, al-Fanar exposed the connection between state control, patriarchy, and the reactionary leadership of Arab society in Israel. The climax of this control is the “murder of women in the name of family honor,” against which the al-Fanar’s members fought.
{"title":"Palestinian Feminism in Israel and the Power of Public Urban Space","authors":"M. Hasan","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341393","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In January 1991, some Palestinian citizens of Israel (formerly Israeli Arabs), mostly young women who came to the city of Haifa from different villages together with some Haifa residents, met to discuss feminism, the status of Palestinian women in Israel, and the need for a feminist organization. Following this meeting, al-Fanar was born as the Palestinian Feminist Organization. During the eight years of its existence, 1991–8, al-Fanar had a dual mission to oppose all the laws and traditions that oppress women and to fight laws discriminating against the Palestinian people. Its ability to act stemmed from its foundation as an urban movement outside the control of the patriarchal familial system. In its activities, al-Fanar exposed the connection between state control, patriarchy, and the reactionary leadership of Arab society in Israel. The climax of this control is the “murder of women in the name of family honor,” against which the al-Fanar’s members fought.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-20DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341392
Sonia Alba
Sophie Bessis est une écrivaine et historienne tuniso-française spécialiste du Maghreb. Dans cet entretien, l’auteure répond à des questions portant sur son écriture et sur des questions sociales, politiques et économiques spécifiques à la société tunisienne pré et post révolutionnaire. La question des droits et du militantisme des femmes en Tunisie y est également abordée. Cet entretien a été réalisé en 2014 et il a été revu par Sophie Bessis avant sa publication en 2021.
{"title":"Entretien avec Sophie Bessis","authors":"Sonia Alba","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341392","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Sophie Bessis est une écrivaine et historienne tuniso-française spécialiste du Maghreb. Dans cet entretien, l’auteure répond à des questions portant sur son écriture et sur des questions sociales, politiques et économiques spécifiques à la société tunisienne pré et post révolutionnaire. La question des droits et du militantisme des femmes en Tunisie y est également abordée. Cet entretien a été réalisé en 2014 et il a été revu par Sophie Bessis avant sa publication en 2021.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42507309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10030
Afsaneh Heidari, Samira Sasani
Through Judith Butler’s theories, it is depicted that dystopia is embedded within our most precious ideals. Dystopia depicts a world in which the right to choose and self-discovery has lost all meaning, and in which individuals are tools through which ideology is implemented. Zoya Pirzad, in her book, Things We Left Unsaid, talks about the unfairness of cultural values. She questions idealistic attitudes towards life’s realities and invites us towards new definitions of humanity. It is revealed in this research that our attitudes towards humanity can be very rigid and restrictive; in a way that the differences that show humanity’s complexity and beauty are considered unpleasant and unnatural and the result is nothing but pain and unhappiness.
{"title":"The Dystopian Plight of Womanhood and Fear in Zoya Pirzad’s Things We Left Unsaid","authors":"Afsaneh Heidari, Samira Sasani","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Through Judith Butler’s theories, it is depicted that dystopia is embedded within our most precious ideals. Dystopia depicts a world in which the right to choose and self-discovery has lost all meaning, and in which individuals are tools through which ideology is implemented. Zoya Pirzad, in her book, Things We Left Unsaid, talks about the unfairness of cultural values. She questions idealistic attitudes towards life’s realities and invites us towards new definitions of humanity. It is revealed in this research that our attitudes towards humanity can be very rigid and restrictive; in a way that the differences that show humanity’s complexity and beauty are considered unpleasant and unnatural and the result is nothing but pain and unhappiness.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45821750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-09DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10027
Antonella Ghersetti
Dans les Akhbār al-adhkiyāʾ (Histoires de personnes intelligentes), un ouvrage d’adab consacré aux personnes d’intelligence aiguë, Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1200) traite des histoires des « femmes sagaces » (al-nisāʾ al-mutafaṭṭināt). Les anecdotes sur les femmes figurent dans un chapitre qui s’inscrit en contraste – par ses critères de catégorisation – avec les autres chapitres du livre. Cet agencement textuel spécifique vise-t-il à définir une intelligence typiquement féminine, ou une manière particulière pour les femmes de manifester leur intelligence ? Pour étudier cette question, je m’intéresserai d’abord à la conception de l’intelligence qui émerge dans les Akhbār al-adhkiyāʾ, en la comparant également avec le concept de mètis ; ensuite, je questionnerai les anecdotes du chapitre sur les femmes intelligentes dans la perspective des théories de Luce Irigaray.
{"title":"De l’intelligence et des femmes","authors":"Antonella Ghersetti","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Dans les Akhbār al-adhkiyāʾ (Histoires de personnes intelligentes), un ouvrage d’adab consacré aux personnes d’intelligence aiguë, Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1200) traite des histoires des « femmes sagaces » (al-nisāʾ al-mutafaṭṭināt). Les anecdotes sur les femmes figurent dans un chapitre qui s’inscrit en contraste – par ses critères de catégorisation – avec les autres chapitres du livre. Cet agencement textuel spécifique vise-t-il à définir une intelligence typiquement féminine, ou une manière particulière pour les femmes de manifester leur intelligence ? Pour étudier cette question, je m’intéresserai d’abord à la conception de l’intelligence qui émerge dans les Akhbār al-adhkiyāʾ, en la comparant également avec le concept de mètis ; ensuite, je questionnerai les anecdotes du chapitre sur les femmes intelligentes dans la perspective des théories de Luce Irigaray.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10028
Desirée López Bernal
This paper is a study of the chapters devoted to women in general and to female figures (female singers) in two encyclopaedic adab works of the Mamluk period, al-Nuwayrī’s Nihāyat al-arab and al-Ibshīhī’s al-Mustaṭraf fī kulli fann al-mustaẓraf. We will analyse the content of these chapters, their focus, the materials from which they are constructed and their objectives within the ensemble of the works. We will also look at the moral and intellectual qualities that configure the portrayal of women in these books, in common with others of adab prose. The final aim of all this is to obtain results to add to those that already exist, with a view to defining the female character types in this literature, the topics that make women visible in it and their relationship with male characters in the stories.
{"title":"The Chapters on Women in Two Adab Encyclopaedias from the Mamluk Period","authors":"Desirée López Bernal","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper is a study of the chapters devoted to women in general and to female figures (female singers) in two encyclopaedic adab works of the Mamluk period, al-Nuwayrī’s Nihāyat al-arab and al-Ibshīhī’s al-Mustaṭraf fī kulli fann al-mustaẓraf. We will analyse the content of these chapters, their focus, the materials from which they are constructed and their objectives within the ensemble of the works. We will also look at the moral and intellectual qualities that configure the portrayal of women in these books, in common with others of adab prose. The final aim of all this is to obtain results to add to those that already exist, with a view to defining the female character types in this literature, the topics that make women visible in it and their relationship with male characters in the stories.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47163214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10024
Bárbara Boloix-Gallardo
The history of the Banū Marīn of the kingdom of Fez (seventh–ninth/thirteenth–fifteenth centuries) cannot and should not be reconstructed without a gender perspective which gives the women of this dynasty a place within its historic discourse. They played a key role in the political and religious legitimacy of the rulers, as reflected by the Banū Marīn historiography which, mirroring the idiosyncrasy of medieval Berber societies, afforded its women a visible space. However, as it was always subject to the clear interests of male political-religious legitimacy, this space for visibilisation is worthy of analysis. This study examines the different profoundly religious behaviour and capabilities which the chronicles assigned to different royal Merinid women, as related in the various anecdotes transmitted in their pages. Additional analysis is carried out on how these model characterisations aimed to increase the aura of spirituality of the amīrs, influenced by their close relationship and everyday contact with these women.
{"title":"Virtue, Sanctity, and Charity of the Royal Women of Fez","authors":"Bárbara Boloix-Gallardo","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The history of the Banū Marīn of the kingdom of Fez (seventh–ninth/thirteenth–fifteenth centuries) cannot and should not be reconstructed without a gender perspective which gives the women of this dynasty a place within its historic discourse. They played a key role in the political and religious legitimacy of the rulers, as reflected by the Banū Marīn historiography which, mirroring the idiosyncrasy of medieval Berber societies, afforded its women a visible space. However, as it was always subject to the clear interests of male political-religious legitimacy, this space for visibilisation is worthy of analysis. This study examines the different profoundly religious behaviour and capabilities which the chronicles assigned to different royal Merinid women, as related in the various anecdotes transmitted in their pages. Additional analysis is carried out on how these model characterisations aimed to increase the aura of spirituality of the amīrs, influenced by their close relationship and everyday contact with these women.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10026
C. de la Puente
This article studies a fourth/tenth-century notarial model to limit and place conditions on (istirʿāʾ) the manumission of an unruly and bad-tempered female slave. The text is part of al-Wathāʾiq wa-l-sijillāt, a notarial manual compiled by Cordoban scholar Ibn al-ʿAṭṭār (d. 399/1009), the earliest edited Andalusi work of this genre. Although it is part of a chapter on slavery and, more specifically, of a section dedicated to the manumission of slaves, it is not a generic notarial text dealing with the manumission of female slaves. The document is not a manumission form, but one that complements and limits a manumission; in fact, its aim is to impede or overturn the process. The article studies this notarial model in three different contexts: (1) Andalusi kutub al-wathāʾiq, (2) Mālikī legal literature on slavery and (3) notarial model reservation testimonies. Even if, at first glance, it appears to be an unusual legal document, when analysing other Mālikī sources we observe that the text is part of a well-documented tradition with widely accepted legal justification. This model is nevertheless exceptional from a procedural point of view because its legal arguments are based on feelings and refer specifically to the slave’s personality, temperament and behaviour as the factors that motivated the legal act.
{"title":"Islamic Law, Slavery, and Feelings","authors":"C. de la Puente","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article studies a fourth/tenth-century notarial model to limit and place conditions on (istirʿāʾ) the manumission of an unruly and bad-tempered female slave. The text is part of al-Wathāʾiq wa-l-sijillāt, a notarial manual compiled by Cordoban scholar Ibn al-ʿAṭṭār (d. 399/1009), the earliest edited Andalusi work of this genre. Although it is part of a chapter on slavery and, more specifically, of a section dedicated to the manumission of slaves, it is not a generic notarial text dealing with the manumission of female slaves. The document is not a manumission form, but one that complements and limits a manumission; in fact, its aim is to impede or overturn the process. The article studies this notarial model in three different contexts: (1) Andalusi kutub al-wathāʾiq, (2) Mālikī legal literature on slavery and (3) notarial model reservation testimonies. Even if, at first glance, it appears to be an unusual legal document, when analysing other Mālikī sources we observe that the text is part of a well-documented tradition with widely accepted legal justification. This model is nevertheless exceptional from a procedural point of view because its legal arguments are based on feelings and refer specifically to the slave’s personality, temperament and behaviour as the factors that motivated the legal act.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45702701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10025
Tsampika Paraskeva
In all languages, lexicons constitute a valuable source of information on femininities and women. This assertion is enhanced in the case of pre-modern Arabic lexicography, due to the diversity of its contents. However, the picture of women in lexicons has always received more attention in the field of lexicography in Western languages than in Arabic. This paper aims to fill a minor part of this noteworthy gap, by shedding light on all semantical, lexical, and orthographic elements which concern the word “woman” (imraʾa/al-marʾa) in pre-modern Arabic lexicons, more specifically, under the root m-r-ʾ.
{"title":"The Word “Woman” in Pre-Modern Arabic Lexicons","authors":"Tsampika Paraskeva","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In all languages, lexicons constitute a valuable source of information on femininities and women. This assertion is enhanced in the case of pre-modern Arabic lexicography, due to the diversity of its contents. However, the picture of women in lexicons has always received more attention in the field of lexicography in Western languages than in Arabic. This paper aims to fill a minor part of this noteworthy gap, by shedding light on all semantical, lexical, and orthographic elements which concern the word “woman” (imraʾa/al-marʾa) in pre-modern Arabic lexicons, more specifically, under the root m-r-ʾ.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42655116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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