Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.92524
Diego Fernando Montañez Herrera, Jesús Alonso Botero García, Matheo Arellano Morales
Este artículo cuantifica los efectos sobre la actividad productiva en Colombia que tiene la pandemia por COVID-19 y las medidas de contención, mitigación y recuperación adoptadas para enfrentarla. Además, se estudian los efectos distributivos, considerando distintos tipos de hogares, para analizar su impacto en los sectores más vulnerables de la economía. Para ello, se construyó un modelo CGE que resume el comportamiento de la economía colombiana y permite simular los choques por COVID-19. Se encontró un crecimiento económico de 4,6 % en 2021 que sería insuficiente para que el PIB alcance niveles prepandemia. Los efectos sociales serían devastadores en términos de pobreza, que luego de elevarse en cerca de ocho puntos porcentuales durante 2020, podría seguir aumentando hacia 2021 por efecto de la parcial recuperación de los mercados laborales.
{"title":"Crecimiento económico, empleo y distribución del ingreso en tiempos de pandemia: un análisis de equilibrio general para Colombia.","authors":"Diego Fernando Montañez Herrera, Jesús Alonso Botero García, Matheo Arellano Morales","doi":"10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.92524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.92524","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo cuantifica los efectos sobre la actividad productiva en Colombia que tiene la pandemia por COVID-19 y las medidas de contención, mitigación y recuperación adoptadas para enfrentarla. Además, se estudian los efectos distributivos, considerando distintos tipos de hogares, para analizar su impacto en los sectores más vulnerables de la economía. Para ello, se construyó un modelo CGE que resume el comportamiento de la economía colombiana y permite simular los choques por COVID-19. Se encontró un crecimiento económico de 4,6 % en 2021 que sería insuficiente para que el PIB alcance niveles prepandemia. Los efectos sociales serían devastadores en términos de pobreza, que luego de elevarse en cerca de ocho puntos porcentuales durante 2020, podría seguir aumentando hacia 2021 por efecto de la parcial recuperación de los mercados laborales.","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47435553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.90911
Gustavo Adolfo Hernández Diaz, Luis Felipe Quintero
Distintos trabajos han estimado los efectos del confinamiento, como consecuencia del COVID-19, sobre la producción y el empleo a nivel nacional, pero pocos a nivel regional. Así, utilizando una matriz insumo producto regional para Colombia, y mediante una variación de un método de extracción hipotética, se estimaron los efectos regionales del confinamiento sobre la producción y el empleo. Se encontró que los choques negativos sobre la economía impactan la producción, esta disminuyó 8,2 %, lo que conllevó una caída en el empleo de 3,5 millones de puestos de trabajo, esto es consecuencia de heterogeneidad de los efectos entre los departamentos.
{"title":"Efectos económicos de los cierres por COVID-19: una perspectiva regional.","authors":"Gustavo Adolfo Hernández Diaz, Luis Felipe Quintero","doi":"10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.90911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.90911","url":null,"abstract":"Distintos trabajos han estimado los efectos del confinamiento, como consecuencia del COVID-19, sobre la producción y el empleo a nivel nacional, pero pocos a nivel regional. Así, utilizando una matriz insumo producto regional para Colombia, y mediante una variación de un método de extracción hipotética, se estimaron los efectos regionales del confinamiento sobre la producción y el empleo. Se encontró que los choques negativos sobre la economía impactan la producción, esta disminuyó 8,2 %, lo que conllevó una caída en el empleo de 3,5 millones de puestos de trabajo, esto es consecuencia de heterogeneidad de los efectos entre los departamentos.","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48627748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.90780
Esteban Cruz Hidalgo, A. Mario
El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la estrategia de desarrollo de la periferia, proponiendo un cambio de perspectiva: en lugar de buscar conseguir divisas para crecer y, con ello, generar empleo, se defiende un estabilizador automático, basado en una reserva de empleados, lo que llamamos política de empleador de última instancia, como eje para una estrategia de desarrollo, estable y autónoma. Si bien la periferia puede ver limitada su capacidad de importar, argumentamos que los gobiernos eligen entre el pleno empleo y el desempleo. Los efectos económicos de la pandemia de COVID-19 obligan a examinar esta elección.
{"title":"Repensar la restricción externa en tiempos de pandemia: la política de empleador de última instancia para Latinoamérica.","authors":"Esteban Cruz Hidalgo, A. Mario","doi":"10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.90780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.90780","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la estrategia de desarrollo de la periferia, proponiendo un cambio de perspectiva: en lugar de buscar conseguir divisas para crecer y, con ello, generar empleo, se defiende un estabilizador automático, basado en una reserva de empleados, lo que llamamos política de empleador de última instancia, como eje para una estrategia de desarrollo, estable y autónoma. Si bien la periferia puede ver limitada su capacidad de importar, argumentamos que los gobiernos eligen entre el pleno empleo y el desempleo. Los efectos económicos de la pandemia de COVID-19 obligan a examinar esta elección.","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44146480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.90803
Gerson Javier Pérez Valbuena, Diana Ricciulli, J. Bonet, E. Haddad, I. Araújo, Fernando Salgueiro Perobelli
This paper analyses the regional economic differences in the impact of lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 ordered by Colombia’s national government. Using an input-output model, we estimate regional economic losses by extracting a group of formal and informal workers from different sectors of the economy. Results show regional differences in the impact of lockdown measures on their labour markets, local economies, and productive sectors. We also find that peripheral regions consolidate a higher number of informal workers in isolation than the interior regions. Regarding the economic impact, regional losses range between 5,4% of the GDP (Amazonia) and 6,3% (the Coffee Area and Antioquia).
{"title":"Regional differences in the economic impact of lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19: A case study for Colombia.","authors":"Gerson Javier Pérez Valbuena, Diana Ricciulli, J. Bonet, E. Haddad, I. Araújo, Fernando Salgueiro Perobelli","doi":"10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.90803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.90803","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the regional economic differences in the impact of lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 ordered by Colombia’s national government. Using an input-output model, we estimate regional economic losses by extracting a group of formal and informal workers from different sectors of the economy. Results show regional differences in the impact of lockdown measures on their labour markets, local economies, and productive sectors. We also find that peripheral regions consolidate a higher number of informal workers in isolation than the interior regions. Regarding the economic impact, regional losses range between 5,4% of the GDP (Amazonia) and 6,3% (the Coffee Area and Antioquia).","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41901574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.92495
A. Vázquez, Aremis Villalobos Hernández
El enfoque de la regulación francesa analiza la reproducción social, integrando el régimen socioeconómico y las variedades del capitalismo. Este enfoque es utilizado para reflexionar los efectos de la propagación del COVID-19 en México, e identificar si las acciones del Gobierno y empresarios durante la coyuntura, perfilan una trayectoria alternativa al neoliberalismo. Las acciones desplegadas en el nivel macroeconómico y mesoeconómico por parte de esos actores bloquean el cambio institucional, al tiempo que exhiben el desplazamiento de la soberanía popular por la judicialización, que se posiciona como fuente significativa de la construcción del espacio económico.
{"title":"COVID-19 en México. Reflexiones desde la escuela de la regulación","authors":"A. Vázquez, Aremis Villalobos Hernández","doi":"10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.92495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n85.92495","url":null,"abstract":"El enfoque de la regulación francesa analiza la reproducción social, integrando el régimen socioeconómico y las variedades del capitalismo. Este enfoque es utilizado para reflexionar los efectos de la propagación del COVID-19 en México, e identificar si las acciones del Gobierno y empresarios durante la coyuntura, perfilan una trayectoria alternativa al neoliberalismo. Las acciones desplegadas en el nivel macroeconómico y mesoeconómico por parte de esos actores bloquean el cambio institucional, al tiempo que exhiben el desplazamiento de la soberanía popular por la judicialización, que se posiciona como fuente significativa de la construcción del espacio económico.","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47116785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.88702
Verónica Amarante, Marisa Bucheli, María Inés Moraes, Tatiana Pérez
We analyse gender gaps in published works on economics in Uruguay. First of all, we describe the evolution of the professional context and female participation in the discipline. We then provide an empirical analysis of the research output based on two databases: one containing working papers and technical documents and the other including articles published in journals. The main results are: a) men produce more published articles than women but there is no gender gap in working papers; b) women and men are unevenly represented throughout different fields; c) collaboration with non-local authors is more likely among men than women; d) non-local co-authorship is strongly associated with the gender gap in journal articles production.
{"title":"Women in Research in Economics in Uruguay","authors":"Verónica Amarante, Marisa Bucheli, María Inés Moraes, Tatiana Pérez","doi":"10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.88702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.88702","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse gender gaps in published works on economics in Uruguay. First of all, we describe the evolution of the professional context and female participation in the discipline. We then provide an empirical analysis of the research output based on two databases: one containing working papers and technical documents and the other including articles published in journals. The main results are: a) men produce more published articles than women but there is no gender gap in working papers; b) women and men are unevenly represented throughout different fields; c) collaboration with non-local authors is more likely among men than women; d) non-local co-authorship is strongly associated with the gender gap in journal articles production.","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":"58 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41285427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n84.88505
Marta Juanita Villaveces Niño, Pilar Torres Alvarado
Is teaching impaired by gender bias? Following growing academic interest targeting gender bias in university curricula, we analyse the participation of literatura written by women in the compulsory course of Colombian Economic History to inquire about the existence of gender bias in the field of teaching. We analyse gender bias in two categories: relevance and participation to conclude that teaching and the investigation of the subfield reveals the existing biases in the economy and a slowness to change despite a growing awareness of the issue among scholars. This work seeks to contribute, based on a particular case, to the discussion on gender bias in teaching.
{"title":"Making women visible. Gender bias in Colombian Economic History Courses","authors":"Marta Juanita Villaveces Niño, Pilar Torres Alvarado","doi":"10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n84.88505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n84.88505","url":null,"abstract":"Is teaching impaired by gender bias? Following growing academic interest targeting gender bias in university curricula, we analyse the participation of literatura written by women in the compulsory course of Colombian Economic History to inquire about the existence of gender bias in the field of teaching. We analyse gender bias in two categories: relevance and participation to conclude that teaching and the investigation of the subfield reveals the existing biases in the economy and a slowness to change despite a growing awareness of the issue among scholars. This work seeks to contribute, based on a particular case, to the discussion on gender bias in teaching.","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44035667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.86778
Fabiana Rocha, P. Pereda, Liz Matsunaga, M. Diaz, R. Narita, B. Borges
In this paper, we study the underrepresentation of women in economics in Brazil by analysing the evolution of their academic careers and their participation in two leading national economics conferences. To depict the path of women in the profession, we use novel data collected from annual surveys carried out by the Brazilian Women in Economics research group, data from the ANPEC exam, the unified admission exam for graduate programmes in economics and secondary data provided by the two main economics associations in Brazil. We find that it is more difficult for women to progress to tenure, and, therefore, there are “leaks in the academic career pipeline”. There are also persistent gender differences in the choice of research fields, as women mostly research on applied microeconomics.
{"title":"Gender differences in the academic career of economics in Brazil","authors":"Fabiana Rocha, P. Pereda, Liz Matsunaga, M. Diaz, R. Narita, B. Borges","doi":"10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.86778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.86778","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the underrepresentation of women in economics in Brazil by analysing the evolution of their academic careers and their participation in two leading national economics conferences. To depict the path of women in the profession, we use novel data collected from annual surveys carried out by the Brazilian Women in Economics research group, data from the ANPEC exam, the unified admission exam for graduate programmes in economics and secondary data provided by the two main economics associations in Brazil. We find that it is more difficult for women to progress to tenure, and, therefore, there are “leaks in the academic career pipeline”. There are also persistent gender differences in the choice of research fields, as women mostly research on applied microeconomics.","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47011409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.99033
Jimena Hurtado, Erich Pinzón-Fuchs
{"title":"Understanding diversity (or the lack thereof) in the economics profession in Latin America","authors":"Jimena Hurtado, Erich Pinzón-Fuchs","doi":"10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.99033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.99033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45729788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.95665
Luis Eduardo Castellanos-Rodríguez
This paper analyses the dynamics related to the representation of African Americans and Hispanics in every level of economics within U.S. post-secondary institutions from 1995 to 2019. I show that there is underrepresentation of Hispanics and African Americans in economics and evaluate some of the possible reasons for the persistence of socioeconomic barriers, including discrimination and attitudes of self-isolation, which block minorities from advancing in academia and professional areas. I discuss some of the advances in economics that address the discrimination problem and some models that try to explain its existence. I present ways in which each member of the economics community could help to alleviate the underrepresentation of minorities in the field and relate some of the posible effects of this problem to non-U.S. institutions that teach economics. Finally, I discuss why addressing underrepresentation and discrimination in economics is important.
{"title":"Diversifying the economics profession: the long road to overcoming discrimination and sub-representation of Hispanics and African Americans. An analysis of the United States between 1995-2019.","authors":"Luis Eduardo Castellanos-Rodríguez","doi":"10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.95665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CUAD.ECON.V40N84.95665","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the dynamics related to the representation of African Americans and Hispanics in every level of economics within U.S. post-secondary institutions from 1995 to 2019. I show that there is underrepresentation of Hispanics and African Americans in economics and evaluate some of the possible reasons for the persistence of socioeconomic barriers, including discrimination and attitudes of self-isolation, which block minorities from advancing in academia and professional areas. I discuss some of the advances in economics that address the discrimination problem and some models that try to explain its existence. I present ways in which each member of the economics community could help to alleviate the underrepresentation of minorities in the field and relate some of the posible effects of this problem to non-U.S. institutions that teach economics. Finally, I discuss why addressing underrepresentation and discrimination in economics is important.","PeriodicalId":42391,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Economia-Spain","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46595005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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