A. Ioannou, Andreas Metaxas, M. Argyrou, C. Kouzoupou, K. Kalli, S. Chatzis, Georgios Panaretou, P. Marchesini, M. Mondanos, R. Karaulanov, Michalis Agathocleous, A. Dionysiou, E. Stavrakis, N. Nicolaou
In this work we utilize multimode optical fibers for the detection of simulated errors or failures in underground power cables. It is known that in cases of failure the underground transmission cables overheat locally, they become a hot-spot, and it is extremely difficult to detect and locate the problem. The proposed methodology is as follows, having an underground electric cable we simulate various temperature profiles whilst the optical fiber was placed in selected distances away from our simulated fault to examine the detection performance of our fiber. In this way we aim to stabilize the operation of the underground cable damage detection system that is placed by the Electricity Authority of Cyprus. The EAC has certain locations where the existing single-mode optical fibres are collocated with the underground power cables, although relative spacing may not be constant. Our data will give an indication of how important is uniform spacing between power and optical cables. We examine if any change in the temperature of the power cable is also reflected in the optical fibre cable. The real-time and continuous monitoring of the temperature of the optical cables through the distributed sensing systems may help identifying abnormal cable behaviour (hot spots) and possible future network failures in the power network.
{"title":"Power cable simulation of failure through temperature monitoring of optical fibres with a state-of-the-art distributed sensing instrument","authors":"A. Ioannou, Andreas Metaxas, M. Argyrou, C. Kouzoupou, K. Kalli, S. Chatzis, Georgios Panaretou, P. Marchesini, M. Mondanos, R. Karaulanov, Michalis Agathocleous, A. Dionysiou, E. Stavrakis, N. Nicolaou","doi":"10.1117/12.2678087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678087","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we utilize multimode optical fibers for the detection of simulated errors or failures in underground power cables. It is known that in cases of failure the underground transmission cables overheat locally, they become a hot-spot, and it is extremely difficult to detect and locate the problem. The proposed methodology is as follows, having an underground electric cable we simulate various temperature profiles whilst the optical fiber was placed in selected distances away from our simulated fault to examine the detection performance of our fiber. In this way we aim to stabilize the operation of the underground cable damage detection system that is placed by the Electricity Authority of Cyprus. The EAC has certain locations where the existing single-mode optical fibres are collocated with the underground power cables, although relative spacing may not be constant. Our data will give an indication of how important is uniform spacing between power and optical cables. We examine if any change in the temperature of the power cable is also reflected in the optical fibre cable. The real-time and continuous monitoring of the temperature of the optical cables through the distributed sensing systems may help identifying abnormal cable behaviour (hot spots) and possible future network failures in the power network.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125212583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Marrazzo, F. Fienga, A. Zenga, M. Riccio, S. Buontempo, A. Irace, G. Breglio
The proposed work has the aim to investigate a full analog electrical circuitry to convert the wavelength-encoded signal coming from a pair of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors into a single monotonic electrical signal. The latter can be used either to be read from a PLC system (or directly by a switch) if a 4-20 mA signal is needed (e.g. for safety application) or to have an instantly conversion without employing the classical interrogation system with a post-processing by means of a digital unit. Since its peculiarities (robust, reliable and completely free from any digital processing section) the proposed system has the aim to overcome the classical interrogator, with the aim to pave the way to a wider employment of FGB sensor in that environment where the reliability given by the interrogator based on multiple digital processing unit, handled by an operative system, may be subjected to failure. In the proposed manuscript, the system was studied analytically and numerically, taking advantage of its characteristic to behaves linearly in a range of 200pm Bragg wavelength shifting, due to the Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) device, used as optical filter. As results, the capability to perform compensated measurement, by means of 2 FBG subjected to different physical quantities, was investigated. The obtained formula comprises FBGs linear coefficient in function of the physical phenomenon to measure and the system output.
{"title":"Method for the interrogation of FBG thermo-hygrometer through full analog circuit","authors":"V. Marrazzo, F. Fienga, A. Zenga, M. Riccio, S. Buontempo, A. Irace, G. Breglio","doi":"10.1117/12.2678305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678305","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed work has the aim to investigate a full analog electrical circuitry to convert the wavelength-encoded signal coming from a pair of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors into a single monotonic electrical signal. The latter can be used either to be read from a PLC system (or directly by a switch) if a 4-20 mA signal is needed (e.g. for safety application) or to have an instantly conversion without employing the classical interrogation system with a post-processing by means of a digital unit. Since its peculiarities (robust, reliable and completely free from any digital processing section) the proposed system has the aim to overcome the classical interrogator, with the aim to pave the way to a wider employment of FGB sensor in that environment where the reliability given by the interrogator based on multiple digital processing unit, handled by an operative system, may be subjected to failure. In the proposed manuscript, the system was studied analytically and numerically, taking advantage of its characteristic to behaves linearly in a range of 200pm Bragg wavelength shifting, due to the Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) device, used as optical filter. As results, the capability to perform compensated measurement, by means of 2 FBG subjected to different physical quantities, was investigated. The obtained formula comprises FBGs linear coefficient in function of the physical phenomenon to measure and the system output.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125217677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhe Wang, Zhuochen Wang, Anuradha Rout, Qiang Wu, Y. Semenova
A novel flowmeter composed of a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the nested capillary are excited by a tapered fiber coupled perpendicularly to the nested capillary. The WGM transmission spectrum of the fiber taper was optimized to achieve the highest possible quality (Q) factor by moving the capillary along the axis of the fiber taper. The air flowing through the capillary cools it down, which leads to a temperature-induced change of the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystal. This change in turn leads to a spectral shift of the WGM resonances, which can be linked to the airflow speed in capillary. A sensitivity of 0.242 nm/sccm has been demonstrated in our experiment. The proposed sensor provides a new platform for WGM flowmeters and offers the advantages of high sensitivity and miniature size.
{"title":"Microfluidic flowmeter based on liquid crystal filled nested capillary","authors":"Zhe Wang, Zhuochen Wang, Anuradha Rout, Qiang Wu, Y. Semenova","doi":"10.1117/12.2678325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678325","url":null,"abstract":"A novel flowmeter composed of a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the nested capillary are excited by a tapered fiber coupled perpendicularly to the nested capillary. The WGM transmission spectrum of the fiber taper was optimized to achieve the highest possible quality (Q) factor by moving the capillary along the axis of the fiber taper. The air flowing through the capillary cools it down, which leads to a temperature-induced change of the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystal. This change in turn leads to a spectral shift of the WGM resonances, which can be linked to the airflow speed in capillary. A sensitivity of 0.242 nm/sccm has been demonstrated in our experiment. The proposed sensor provides a new platform for WGM flowmeters and offers the advantages of high sensitivity and miniature size.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133016927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measuring acoustic waves propagation in solid or fluid media is an important task in applications such as Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), seismology, oceanography, underwater acoustic communications and more. While there are quite a few acoustic sensors that are considered to be highly sensitive and broadband, such as geophones for seismic applications or hydrophones for underwater applications, they are all point sensors. Point sensors are limited since they cannot provide spatiotemporal measurement of propagating acoustic waves. In addition, their coverage volume is limited due to the attenuation of the acoustic waves in the medium. These limitations can be alleviated by using an array of acoustic sensors which can provide the required spatiotemporal measurement capability in addition to extended detection volume. This work describes the implementation of an underwater fiber-optic sensor array for ultrasonic (US) waves. To overcome the well-known trade-off between update rate and sensing fiber length a Coded Array Matched Interrogation (C-AMI) method was implemented. The method enabled an enhancement of the theoretical sampling rate by a factor of 54. The system successfully measured the propagation of an ultrasonic pulse with a carrier of 95kHz along a 20m long test pool.
{"title":"Ultrasonic long range underwater acoustic sensing: going beyond the standard pulse repetition rate","authors":"N. Arbel, M. Tur, A. Eyal","doi":"10.1117/12.2678079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678079","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring acoustic waves propagation in solid or fluid media is an important task in applications such as Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), seismology, oceanography, underwater acoustic communications and more. While there are quite a few acoustic sensors that are considered to be highly sensitive and broadband, such as geophones for seismic applications or hydrophones for underwater applications, they are all point sensors. Point sensors are limited since they cannot provide spatiotemporal measurement of propagating acoustic waves. In addition, their coverage volume is limited due to the attenuation of the acoustic waves in the medium. These limitations can be alleviated by using an array of acoustic sensors which can provide the required spatiotemporal measurement capability in addition to extended detection volume. This work describes the implementation of an underwater fiber-optic sensor array for ultrasonic (US) waves. To overcome the well-known trade-off between update rate and sensing fiber length a Coded Array Matched Interrogation (C-AMI) method was implemented. The method enabled an enhancement of the theoretical sampling rate by a factor of 54. The system successfully measured the propagation of an ultrasonic pulse with a carrier of 95kHz along a 20m long test pool.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133035642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Chen, Chuanxin Teng, Renfei Kuang, Zhuo Wang, Xuehao Hu, B. Ortega, C. Marques, Xiaoli Li, Rui Min
This paper demonstrates a portable optical sensor for human gait monitoring. The device is based on a smartphone and POF sensor specifically designed for use in shoe insoles. The monitoring of multiple sensors by a single smart device is achieved by image segmentation based on Voronoi tessellation, as this work describes in detail. Experimental tests performed with the sensor have demonstrated its ability to provide information on spatial and temporal parameters of gait as well as pressure at different plantar loci.
{"title":"Gait monitoring system based on plastic optical fiber integrated with smartphone","authors":"Jun Chen, Chuanxin Teng, Renfei Kuang, Zhuo Wang, Xuehao Hu, B. Ortega, C. Marques, Xiaoli Li, Rui Min","doi":"10.1117/12.2678155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678155","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates a portable optical sensor for human gait monitoring. The device is based on a smartphone and POF sensor specifically designed for use in shoe insoles. The monitoring of multiple sensors by a single smart device is achieved by image segmentation based on Voronoi tessellation, as this work describes in detail. Experimental tests performed with the sensor have demonstrated its ability to provide information on spatial and temporal parameters of gait as well as pressure at different plantar loci.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114319756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priyanka Thawany, Ashima Khanna, U. Tiwari, A. Deep
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based Optical fiber sensors are ubiquitously used for varied applications in biosensing, food monitoring, water quality, gas sensing due to their simple, low cost, and miniaturised setup. The improvement in the sensitivity of these sensors is a critical challenge. 2-D MXenes are found to provide enhanced sensitivity for plasmonic biosensing because of high hydrophilicity, metallic conductivity, abundance of functional groups for bio conjugation, and wide band optical absorption. Here, we demonstrate the enhancement in the sensitivity of MXene (Ti3C2) coated multimode SPR optical fiber sensor by resolving the response of two different Refractive indices values. The effect of MXene concentration and the number of layers has been investigated. The introduction of MXene has caused a noticeable enhancement in the sensor’s sensitivity. Further, Ti3C2 has also been combined with Terbium based metal-organic framework (Tb-BTC) to prepare a sensor for haemoglobin. Tb-BTC binds to the iron fragment of haemoglobin assisting a selective response from the above developed SPR sensor. The response of the sensor for haemoglobin has been studied from 100 – 500 μg/mL. The sensor is also specific even in co-presence of other analytes such as immunoglobin, glucose, uric acid, and bovine serum albumin.
{"title":"A gold/MXene/MOF composite based optical fiber biosensor for haemoglobin detection","authors":"Priyanka Thawany, Ashima Khanna, U. Tiwari, A. Deep","doi":"10.1117/12.2680620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2680620","url":null,"abstract":"Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based Optical fiber sensors are ubiquitously used for varied applications in biosensing, food monitoring, water quality, gas sensing due to their simple, low cost, and miniaturised setup. The improvement in the sensitivity of these sensors is a critical challenge. 2-D MXenes are found to provide enhanced sensitivity for plasmonic biosensing because of high hydrophilicity, metallic conductivity, abundance of functional groups for bio conjugation, and wide band optical absorption. Here, we demonstrate the enhancement in the sensitivity of MXene (Ti3C2) coated multimode SPR optical fiber sensor by resolving the response of two different Refractive indices values. The effect of MXene concentration and the number of layers has been investigated. The introduction of MXene has caused a noticeable enhancement in the sensor’s sensitivity. Further, Ti3C2 has also been combined with Terbium based metal-organic framework (Tb-BTC) to prepare a sensor for haemoglobin. Tb-BTC binds to the iron fragment of haemoglobin assisting a selective response from the above developed SPR sensor. The response of the sensor for haemoglobin has been studied from 100 – 500 μg/mL. The sensor is also specific even in co-presence of other analytes such as immunoglobin, glucose, uric acid, and bovine serum albumin.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114574221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Spaziani, G. Quero, S. Managò, G. Zito, D. Terracciano, P. Macchia, F. Galeotti, M. Pisco, A. D. De Luca, A. Cusano
In this work, we propose a novel immunoassay platform for the detection of human Thyroglobulin (Tg) to be integrated with fine-needle aspiration biopsy for early identification of lymph node metastases in thyroid cancer patients. The sensing platform detects Tg (a well-known biomarker for the classification of metastatic lymph nodes related to thyroid cancer) by a sandwich immunoassay involving a self-assembled surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate assisted and empowered by functionalized gold nanoparticles enabling additional Raman signal amplification and improved molecular specificity. The sandwich assay platform was preliminary validated in a planar configuration and a detection limit as low as 7 pg/mL was successfully achieved. The sandwich assay was successfully demonstrated on washout fluids of fine needle aspiration biopsies from cancer patients and confirmed the high specificity of the proposed methodology when complex biological matrices are considered. Finally, optical fiber SERS optrodes were fabricated and successfully used to detect Tg concentration by applying the same bio-recognition strategy. This opens the possibility of transferring the Tg detection approach to the optical fiber tip to develop point-of-care platforms that can be directly integrated into fine needle aspiration biopsies.
{"title":"SERS optrode for human thyroglobulin detection in liquid biopsy","authors":"S. Spaziani, G. Quero, S. Managò, G. Zito, D. Terracciano, P. Macchia, F. Galeotti, M. Pisco, A. D. De Luca, A. Cusano","doi":"10.1117/12.2679428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2679428","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we propose a novel immunoassay platform for the detection of human Thyroglobulin (Tg) to be integrated with fine-needle aspiration biopsy for early identification of lymph node metastases in thyroid cancer patients. The sensing platform detects Tg (a well-known biomarker for the classification of metastatic lymph nodes related to thyroid cancer) by a sandwich immunoassay involving a self-assembled surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate assisted and empowered by functionalized gold nanoparticles enabling additional Raman signal amplification and improved molecular specificity. The sandwich assay platform was preliminary validated in a planar configuration and a detection limit as low as 7 pg/mL was successfully achieved. The sandwich assay was successfully demonstrated on washout fluids of fine needle aspiration biopsies from cancer patients and confirmed the high specificity of the proposed methodology when complex biological matrices are considered. Finally, optical fiber SERS optrodes were fabricated and successfully used to detect Tg concentration by applying the same bio-recognition strategy. This opens the possibility of transferring the Tg detection approach to the optical fiber tip to develop point-of-care platforms that can be directly integrated into fine needle aspiration biopsies.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116888427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inscription of a tilted Bragg grating in the core of a standard telecommunication-grade fiber grants the latter a sensitivity to the refractive index (RI) of the fluid in which it is immersed. A gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg grating (Au-TFBG) is a transposition of the Kretschmann prism configuration onto a cylindrical structure. Taking advantage of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the RI sensitivity is further increased. In this work, we extract relative phase difference spectra from two orthogonal polarization states using the Jones formalism and use them to experimentally detect the insulin hormone at concentrations ranging from 0.1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL.
{"title":"Plasmonic optical fiber for insulin detection through phase analysis","authors":"Hadrien Fasseaux, M. Loyez, C. Caucheteur","doi":"10.1117/12.2678877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678877","url":null,"abstract":"The inscription of a tilted Bragg grating in the core of a standard telecommunication-grade fiber grants the latter a sensitivity to the refractive index (RI) of the fluid in which it is immersed. A gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg grating (Au-TFBG) is a transposition of the Kretschmann prism configuration onto a cylindrical structure. Taking advantage of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the RI sensitivity is further increased. In this work, we extract relative phase difference spectra from two orthogonal polarization states using the Jones formalism and use them to experimentally detect the insulin hormone at concentrations ranging from 0.1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116431446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Ravet, Christian Silva, Jorge Muguruza, Alexandre Goy, E. Rochat
Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) has been widely used for infrastructure monitoring. Most common applications are pipeline leak detection prevention and geohazard mitigation as well as power cable thermal rating. The study of the soil-atmosphere thermal interaction reveals that natural phenomenon can be monitored with DTS and buried communication Optical Fiber Cables (OFC). The current article discusses the application of DTS to the monitoring of the effect of Soil-atmosphere thermal interaction showing annual and daily variations. DTS data from over 10 years is analyzed, allowing for the observation of the El Niño 2014-2016 event, which is among the strongest of the recent El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurrences. It illustrates how DTS technology and communication backbone can provide data to study environmental effects at a global level.
{"title":"Correlation of El Niño 2014-2016 episode with DTS data","authors":"F. Ravet, Christian Silva, Jorge Muguruza, Alexandre Goy, E. Rochat","doi":"10.1117/12.2678175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678175","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) has been widely used for infrastructure monitoring. Most common applications are pipeline leak detection prevention and geohazard mitigation as well as power cable thermal rating. The study of the soil-atmosphere thermal interaction reveals that natural phenomenon can be monitored with DTS and buried communication Optical Fiber Cables (OFC). The current article discusses the application of DTS to the monitoring of the effect of Soil-atmosphere thermal interaction showing annual and daily variations. DTS data from over 10 years is analyzed, allowing for the observation of the El Niño 2014-2016 event, which is among the strongest of the recent El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurrences. It illustrates how DTS technology and communication backbone can provide data to study environmental effects at a global level.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"12643 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129491830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geometric phase measured per beat period in a Φ-OTDR based on coherent heterodyne detection is used to measure strain. Proposed method is robust to polarisation mismatch fading as a polarisation mismatch between interfering beams is not a hindrance to the measurement of the geometric phase. The Geometric phase is a function of the intensities of the interfering beams as well as the envelope of the beat signal. Its calculation does not require phase unwrapping and accordingly does not suffer the phase unwrapping errors. It is required to be equated with the traditionally measured phase by applying a scaling factor. The spatial resolution of the measured strain is reduced as it is calculated per beat period. Results are verified using a piezo-electric transducer inline a fiber-under-test.
{"title":"ΦgOTDR utilizing geometric phase","authors":"Sabahat Shaheen, K. Hicke, K. Krebber","doi":"10.1117/12.2678295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678295","url":null,"abstract":"Geometric phase measured per beat period in a Φ-OTDR based on coherent heterodyne detection is used to measure strain. Proposed method is robust to polarisation mismatch fading as a polarisation mismatch between interfering beams is not a hindrance to the measurement of the geometric phase. The Geometric phase is a function of the intensities of the interfering beams as well as the envelope of the beat signal. Its calculation does not require phase unwrapping and accordingly does not suffer the phase unwrapping errors. It is required to be equated with the traditionally measured phase by applying a scaling factor. The spatial resolution of the measured strain is reduced as it is calculated per beat period. Results are verified using a piezo-electric transducer inline a fiber-under-test.","PeriodicalId":424244,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127280828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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