New interferometric radar data of the TanDEM-X space mission have become recently available as a global digital elevation model providing 0.4 arc second spatial resolution (ca. 12 meters). The TanDEM-X dataset brings new options into geoscientific research across multiple scales. However, the accuracy and suitability of this data have not been evaluated in such an extensive manner as, for example, the widely used SRTM data which resolution is 1 arc second (ca. 30 m). We present a validation of the vertical accuracy of TanDEM-X DEM product and an evaluation of its suitability for landform classification in a forested karst area. The DEM segmentation using geomorphons was used for the automated object-based landform classification. We focused on the identification of dolines for which polygons of dolines mapped by an expert-driven approach were used for validation. Airborne lidar data in the form of DSM and DTM were used as the reference dataset for validation of the TanDEM-X DEM vertical accuracy. The results from the study area show that the vertical RMSE of the TanDEM-X data is 3.42 m with respect to the lidar DSM and 9.64 m in comparison with lidar DTM. The identification of dolines by the geomorphon approach achieved 73 % with TanDEM-X, lower than for the lidar DTM (85 %). The TanDEM-X elevation errors were strongly correlated with the canopy height derived from the lidar data suggesting limited suitability of the TanDEM-X data for mapping fine-scale geomorphological features under forests while there was a good match with the lidar DTM terrain in open areas. URL: https://www.gcass.science.upjs.sk/
{"title":"Applicability of the global TanDEM-X elevation data for terrain modelling of a forested karst area: a case study from Slovak Karst","authors":"P. Bandura, M. Gallay","doi":"10.33542/gc2022-1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33542/gc2022-1-03","url":null,"abstract":"New interferometric radar data of the TanDEM-X space mission have become recently available as a global digital elevation model providing 0.4 arc second spatial resolution (ca. 12 meters). The TanDEM-X dataset brings new options into geoscientific research across multiple scales. However, the accuracy and suitability of this data have not been evaluated in such an extensive manner as, for example, the widely used SRTM data which resolution is 1 arc second (ca. 30 m). We present a validation of the vertical accuracy of TanDEM-X DEM product and an evaluation of its suitability for landform classification in a forested karst area. The DEM segmentation using geomorphons was used for the automated object-based landform classification. We focused on the identification of dolines for which polygons of dolines mapped by an expert-driven approach were used for validation. Airborne lidar data in the form of DSM and DTM were used as the reference dataset for validation of the TanDEM-X DEM vertical accuracy. The results from the study area show that the vertical RMSE of the TanDEM-X data is 3.42 m with respect to the lidar DSM and 9.64 m in comparison with lidar DTM. The identification of dolines by the geomorphon approach achieved 73 % with TanDEM-X, lower than for the lidar DTM (85 %). The TanDEM-X elevation errors were strongly correlated with the canopy height derived from the lidar data suggesting limited suitability of the TanDEM-X data for mapping fine-scale geomorphological features under forests while there was a good match with the lidar DTM terrain in open areas. URL: https://www.gcass.science.upjs.sk/","PeriodicalId":42446,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Cassoviensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70424351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of this paper is to determine the main economic factors that influence the self-selection process of migrant workers when settling in Slovakia. Considering the growing number of migrant workers in Slovakia, it is necessary to determine which factors influence them most when choosing a final destination within the country. Paper deals with the allocation of migrant workers in Slovakia focusing on the mutual relationship between the total number of migrant workers and the average wage, and the number of vacancies in 2010 and 2020 in individual districts. The paper also analyses the domestic labour market with emphasis on internal and foreign labour migration. The study is based on migration and self-selection process theories. In the paper, we work with data from public institutions in Slovakia, especially the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family, the National Bank of Slovakia and the Statistical Office. To achieve the goal, Spearman's coefficient is used and its significance and linear regression are tested. The results show that the correlation between the number of migrant workers in individual districts and the number of vacancies was stronger than the correlation between the number of migrant workers and the amount of average wage in both monitored years 2010 and 2020. URL: https://www.gcass.science.upjs.sk/
{"title":"Factors affecting migration destination choices of international migrant workers in Slovakia","authors":"Z. Beňová, K. Brockova","doi":"10.33542/gc2022-2-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33542/gc2022-2-03","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is to determine the main economic factors that influence the self-selection process of migrant workers when settling in Slovakia. Considering the growing number of migrant workers in Slovakia, it is necessary to determine which factors influence them most when choosing a final destination within the country. Paper deals with the allocation of migrant workers in Slovakia focusing on the mutual relationship between the total number of migrant workers and the average wage, and the number of vacancies in 2010 and 2020 in individual districts. The paper also analyses the domestic labour market with emphasis on internal and foreign labour migration. The study is based on migration and self-selection process theories. In the paper, we work with data from public institutions in Slovakia, especially the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family, the National Bank of Slovakia and the Statistical Office. To achieve the goal, Spearman's coefficient is used and its significance and linear regression are tested. The results show that the correlation between the number of migrant workers in individual districts and the number of vacancies was stronger than the correlation between the number of migrant workers and the amount of average wage in both monitored years 2010 and 2020. URL: https://www.gcass.science.upjs.sk/","PeriodicalId":42446,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Cassoviensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70424568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of planned public construction projects of high-speed rails in the Czech Republic through the application of multicriteria analysis. In line with the nature of the projects, the developed original evaluation methodology places the main emphasis on the potential production of positive effects and on minimizing adverse effects. It includes criteria for integration, relevance, usefulness, stimulation, and sustainability. In this context, article provides synthesized information on the factual focus and geographical and practical context of application of the criteria used, and further on the results of the comparative evaluation of the four main planned high-speed routes. The acquired knowledge is subsequently discussed from the point of view of the most important stakeholders, interpreted through relevant scenarios, i.e. investor, business, and civic scenarios. URL: https://www.gcass.science.upjs.sk/
{"title":"Multicriteria analysis of the effectiveness of high-speed rails construction projects: case study of the Czech Republic","authors":"M. Viturka, V. Pařil, Jakub Chmelík","doi":"10.33542/gc2022-2-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33542/gc2022-2-02","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of planned public construction projects of high-speed rails in the Czech Republic through the application of multicriteria analysis. In line with the nature of the projects, the developed original evaluation methodology places the main emphasis on the potential production of positive effects and on minimizing adverse effects. It includes criteria for integration, relevance, usefulness, stimulation, and sustainability. In this context, article provides synthesized information on the factual focus and geographical and practical context of application of the criteria used, and further on the results of the comparative evaluation of the four main planned high-speed routes. The acquired knowledge is subsequently discussed from the point of view of the most important stakeholders, interpreted through relevant scenarios, i.e. investor, business, and civic scenarios. URL: https://www.gcass.science.upjs.sk/","PeriodicalId":42446,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Cassoviensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70424506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Cherlinka, Y. Dmytruk, L. Cherlinka, M. Gunchak, V. Sobko
Soil monitoring programs in many countries often do not measure such an indicator as soil bulk density. At the same time, modern problems of assessing the condition of the soil cover require its use in soil management of agricultural landscapes. We see the solution to this problem in geospatial modeling. We have developed a technique for simulating soil bulk density, the algorithm of which consists of five stages: the creation of model maps of agro-industrial soil groups, modeling of a clay content map, construction of a map of humus content, selection of empirical dependences of soil bulk density on humus and clay content with evaluation reliability of these dependencies and their implementation in GRASS GIS and, finally, cartographic modeling of the spatial continuous distribution of soil bulk density. At the same time, parameters for improving the quality of methods modeling and mapping the soil bulk density were established. First of all, this is an increase in the sampling dataset of density, humus, and clay content to improve the reliability of the selected regression formula. It is also an improvement in the quality of spatial modeling of the humus content using geostatistical methods or modeling. To improve the clay content map, it is necessary to increase the resolution of DEM and predictors, to choose more accurate sources of DEM and prediction algorithms. The application of the presented methodology is shown in a part of Chernivtsi region, Ukraine, with the possibility of use on the scale of the entire country. URL: https://www.gcass.science.upjs.sk/
{"title":"Methods of modeling and mapping of the soil bulk density: a case study from Chernivtsi region, Ukraine","authors":"V. Cherlinka, Y. Dmytruk, L. Cherlinka, M. Gunchak, V. Sobko","doi":"10.33542/gc2022-2-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33542/gc2022-2-05","url":null,"abstract":"Soil monitoring programs in many countries often do not measure such an indicator as soil bulk density. At the same time, modern problems of assessing the condition of the soil cover require its use in soil management of agricultural landscapes. We see the solution to this problem in geospatial modeling. We have developed a technique for simulating soil bulk density, the algorithm of which consists of five stages: the creation of model maps of agro-industrial soil groups, modeling of a clay content map, construction of a map of humus content, selection of empirical dependences of soil bulk density on humus and clay content with evaluation reliability of these dependencies and their implementation in GRASS GIS and, finally, cartographic modeling of the spatial continuous distribution of soil bulk density. At the same time, parameters for improving the quality of methods modeling and mapping the soil bulk density were established. First of all, this is an increase in the sampling dataset of density, humus, and clay content to improve the reliability of the selected regression formula. It is also an improvement in the quality of spatial modeling of the humus content using geostatistical methods or modeling. To improve the clay content map, it is necessary to increase the resolution of DEM and predictors, to choose more accurate sources of DEM and prediction algorithms. The application of the presented methodology is shown in a part of Chernivtsi region, Ukraine, with the possibility of use on the scale of the entire country. URL: https://www.gcass.science.upjs.sk/","PeriodicalId":42446,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Cassoviensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70424699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in precision viticulture leads to a more flexible and efficient approach to vineyard management. Images from UAV help determine the condition of the vineyard. Identification of the missing roots of the vineyard in a row by semi-automatic image classification and its comparison with manual classification is a goal of the paper. This study presents a new methodology for the segmentation of vine and row gaps. RGB (Red-Green-Blue) images, multispectral images, Near-Infrared (NIR) images, and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) images were tested and compared with manual classification. The percentage of row gap and the accuracy of individual images were determined. Object-oriented classification of the vine and row gaps in the buffer zone of the vineyard is a core of our method. Using geostatistical methods, such as zonal and logistic regression statistics, the accuracy of individual data in buffer zones was evaluated. Areas of interest were parts of vineyards in Jelenec and Topoľčianky. Success of the method detectomg outage (compared to manual classification) was achieved by images in the RGB spectrum: 96.45% for the Jelenec vineyard and 82.61% for the Topoľčianky vineyard. By this method, we quickly determine row gaps/vine which can be used to optimize or reduce the application of fertilizers to be used only on the vine. The method can be also used by inspection authorities to reveal the actual condition of the vineyard.
{"title":"Využitie UAV snímok na poloautomatickú detekciu výpadkov viniča vo vinohradoch Jelenca a Topoľčianok (Slovensko)","authors":"Adam Šupčík, Igor Matečný","doi":"10.33542/gc2021-1-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33542/gc2021-1-07","url":null,"abstract":"The use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in precision viticulture leads to a more flexible and efficient approach to vineyard management. Images from UAV help determine the condition of the vineyard. Identification of the missing roots of the vineyard in a row by semi-automatic image classification and its comparison with manual classification is a goal of the paper. This study presents a new methodology for the segmentation of vine and row gaps. RGB (Red-Green-Blue) images, multispectral images, Near-Infrared (NIR) images, and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) images were tested and compared with manual classification. The percentage of row gap and the accuracy of individual images were determined. Object-oriented classification of the vine and row gaps in the buffer zone of the vineyard is a core of our method. Using geostatistical methods, such as zonal and logistic regression statistics, the accuracy of individual data in buffer zones was evaluated. Areas of interest were parts of vineyards in Jelenec and Topoľčianky. Success of the method detectomg outage (compared to manual classification) was achieved by images in the RGB spectrum: 96.45% for the Jelenec vineyard and 82.61% for the Topoľčianky vineyard. By this method, we quickly determine row gaps/vine which can be used to optimize or reduce the application of fertilizers to be used only on the vine. The method can be also used by inspection authorities to reveal the actual condition of the vineyard.","PeriodicalId":42446,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Cassoviensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70423409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although learning tasks are among the key components of Geography textbooks, they are not adequately addressed in research in Czechia and Slovakia. The aim of this study is to describe methodological approaches to the analysis of learning tasks in Geography textbooks applied in textbooks written in English and to synthesize related research findings. A systematic review study was applied to fulfil the objectives of the study. After gradual selection of the relevant sources, 13 studies were analyzed. The results show that within the methodologies used in the studies predominante the analyses of learning tasks which are focused on the categorization of tasks in terms of their cognitive demands and in terms of their potential to develop spatial thinking. The synthesis of the results showed that most learning tasks in textbooks are characterized by low cognitive intensity or develop the lowest categories of spatial thinking. In the light of research findings, we identify the desired directions of research of learning tasks in textbooks of geography and provide recommendations for authors and publishers of textbooks.
{"title":"Výzkum učebních úloh v učebnicích geografie: přehledová studie","authors":"Petr Trahorsch, P. Knecht","doi":"10.33542/gc2021-1-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33542/gc2021-1-04","url":null,"abstract":"Although learning tasks are among the key components of Geography textbooks, they are not adequately addressed in research in Czechia and Slovakia. The aim of this study is to describe methodological approaches to the analysis of learning tasks in Geography textbooks applied in textbooks written in English and to synthesize related research findings. A systematic review study was applied to fulfil the objectives of the study. After gradual selection of the relevant sources, 13 studies were analyzed. The results show that within the methodologies used in the studies predominante the analyses of learning tasks which are focused on the categorization of tasks in terms of their cognitive demands and in terms of their potential to develop spatial thinking. The synthesis of the results showed that most learning tasks in textbooks are characterized by low cognitive intensity or develop the lowest categories of spatial thinking. In the light of research findings, we identify the desired directions of research of learning tasks in textbooks of geography and provide recommendations for authors and publishers of textbooks.","PeriodicalId":42446,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Cassoviensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70423609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the process of municipal waste management in the towns of the Slovak Republic. For multicriteria analysis, we selected three main indicators, namely the amount of separated waste, the amount of landfilled waste, as well as the amount of total current expenditures for waste management. We have stated the values of all sub-indicators of Slovak towns per capita. Waste management information systems in Slovakia publish waste statistics only at the national and regional level, so we had to obtain data from all 141 towns in Slovakia (for 2018) individually. The research confirmed a possible relationship between the population size of the towns and the values of individual sub-indicators, differences in values were also visible among the regions (west, central, and east). The values of the summary indicator of multicriteria analysis of towns were significantly differentiated according to the regions of Slovakia; the population aspect of the towns did not have an impact.
{"title":"Multikriteriálna analýza vybraných ukazovateľov procesu nakladania s komunálnym odpadom v mestách Slovenskej republiky","authors":"Michal Klobučník","doi":"10.33542/gc2021-2-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33542/gc2021-2-04","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the process of municipal waste management in the towns of the Slovak Republic. For multicriteria analysis, we selected three main indicators, namely the amount of separated waste, the amount of landfilled waste, as well as the amount of total current expenditures for waste management. We have stated the values of all sub-indicators of Slovak towns per capita. Waste management information systems in Slovakia publish waste statistics only at the national and regional level, so we had to obtain data from all 141 towns in Slovakia (for 2018) individually. The research confirmed a possible relationship between the population size of the towns and the values of individual sub-indicators, differences in values were also visible among the regions (west, central, and east). The values of the summary indicator of multicriteria analysis of towns were significantly differentiated according to the regions of Slovakia; the population aspect of the towns did not have an impact.","PeriodicalId":42446,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Cassoviensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70423905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in precision viticulture leads to a more flexible and efficient approach to vineyard management. Images from UAV help determine the condition of the vineyard. Identification of the missing roots of the vineyard in a row by semi-automatic image classification and its comparison with manual classification is a goal of the paper. This study presents a new methodology for the segmentation of vine and row gaps. RGB (Red-Green-Blue) images, multispectral images, Near-Infrared (NIR) images, and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) images were tested and compared with manual classification. The percentage of row gap and the accuracy of individual images were determined. Object-oriented classification of the vine and row gaps in the buffer zone of the vineyard is a core of our method. Using geostatistical methods, such as zonal and logistic regression statistics, the accuracy of individual data in buffer zones was evaluated. Areas of interest were parts of vineyards in Jelenec and Topoľčianky. Success of the method detectomg outage (compared to manual classification) was achieved by images in the RGB spectrum: 96.45% for the Jelenec vineyard and 82.61% for the Topoľčianky vineyard. By this method, we quickly determine row gaps/vine which can be used to optimize or reduce the application of fertilizers to be used only on the vine. The method can be also used by inspection authorities to reveal the actual condition of the vineyard.
{"title":"Using UAV images for semiautomatic detection of row-gaps in vineyards in Jelenec and Topoľčianky (Slovakia)","authors":"A. Šupčík, I. Matečný","doi":"10.33542/gc2020-2-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33542/gc2020-2-07","url":null,"abstract":"The use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in precision viticulture leads to a more flexible and efficient approach to vineyard management. Images from UAV help determine the condition of the vineyard. Identification of the missing roots of the vineyard in a row by semi-automatic image classification and its comparison with manual classification is a goal of the paper. This study presents a new methodology for the segmentation of vine and row gaps. RGB (Red-Green-Blue) images, multispectral images, Near-Infrared (NIR) images, and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) images were tested and compared with manual classification. The percentage of row gap and the accuracy of individual images were determined. Object-oriented classification of the vine and row gaps in the buffer zone of the vineyard is a core of our method. Using geostatistical methods, such as zonal and logistic regression statistics, the accuracy of individual data in buffer zones was evaluated. Areas of interest were parts of vineyards in Jelenec and Topoľčianky. Success of the method detectomg outage (compared to manual classification) was achieved by images in the RGB spectrum: 96.45% for the Jelenec vineyard and 82.61% for the Topoľčianky vineyard. By this method, we quickly determine row gaps/vine which can be used to optimize or reduce the application of fertilizers to be used only on the vine. The method can be also used by inspection authorities to reveal the actual condition of the vineyard.","PeriodicalId":42446,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Cassoviensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70423415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juraj Kapista, F. Petrovič, J. Hreško, Z. Rączkowska
This paper assesses the shrinkage of glacial lakes in the High Tatras by analysing the series of historical and actual orthophotomaps from 1949 to 2018. The shoreline dynamics during this period were established by detailed retrospective remote sensing, and the decrease in the former surface of the water was caused by intensive interaction between morphodynamic processes and the lake basins. Herein, we have identified 38 tarns with an assumed decline in the area. This assumption was based on a comparison of initial visual analysis of the historical aerial photographs and the current orthophotomaps which capture all High Tatras tarns. We selected ten tarns with the largest or most representative changes and performed detailed cartographic analysis on them. We also attempted this analysis over shorter periods whenever possible and herein we established from 2.5 to 32.2% decrease in lake water surface area during the monitored period. This decrease in shallow lake basins was accompanied by the presence of accumulated debris flows, fine fraction fluvial-proluvial deposits, and vegetation. The shallow glacial lake basins are sensitive indicators of irreversible changes in their catchment areas and this study, therefore, highlights the effectiveness of combining detailed orthophotomaps and historical aerial photos and GIS tools in researching glacial lakes shoreline dynamics in the alpine landscape. Retrospective shoreline analysis facilitates the assessment of the effects of morphodynamic processes on the development of tarns from the postglacial period until today.
{"title":"Shrinkage of the tarns in the High Tatras (Slovakia, Poland)","authors":"Juraj Kapista, F. Petrovič, J. Hreško, Z. Rączkowska","doi":"10.33542/gc2021-1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33542/gc2021-1-01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the shrinkage of glacial lakes in the High Tatras by analysing the series of historical and actual orthophotomaps from 1949 to 2018. The shoreline dynamics during this period were established by detailed retrospective remote sensing, and the decrease in the former surface of the water was caused by intensive interaction between morphodynamic processes and the lake basins. Herein, we have identified 38 tarns with an assumed decline in the area. This assumption was based on a comparison of initial visual analysis of the historical aerial photographs and the current orthophotomaps which capture all High Tatras tarns. We selected ten tarns with the largest or most representative changes and performed detailed cartographic analysis on them. We also attempted this analysis over shorter periods whenever possible and herein we established from 2.5 to 32.2% decrease in lake water surface area during the monitored period. This decrease in shallow lake basins was accompanied by the presence of accumulated debris flows, fine fraction fluvial-proluvial deposits, and vegetation. The shallow glacial lake basins are sensitive indicators of irreversible changes in their catchment areas and this study, therefore, highlights the effectiveness of combining detailed orthophotomaps and historical aerial photos and GIS tools in researching glacial lakes shoreline dynamics in the alpine landscape. Retrospective shoreline analysis facilitates the assessment of the effects of morphodynamic processes on the development of tarns from the postglacial period until today.","PeriodicalId":42446,"journal":{"name":"Geographia Cassoviensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70423499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kunc, P. Tonev, M. Novotná, Petr Šašinka, Z. Dvořák, Soňa Raszková, A. Krajíčková
The Czech Republic is typical for its fragmented settlement structure with a high number of small self-governing municipalities. Such a distinction causes many problems, including a non-effective way of their management. Even though various integration methods have already been applied in Europe for several decades, the Czech Republic, due to its historical development influenced by the period of communism, is still looking for intermunicipal cooperation opportunities at a higher (metropolitan) level. The presented text aims to evaluate a municipalities’ willingness to cooperate on particular activities and participate in selected topics on strategic and spatial planning at a metropolitan level. Their willingness is analysed according to the population size category of municipalities so that diverse approaches towards the willingness to cooperate could be identified for municipalities in different categories. The results are demonstrated by the example of the Brno Metropolitan Area, which is regarded to be a leader in the development of inter-municipal cooperation at a metropolitan level in the Czech Republic. The results were obtained from a questionnaire survey carried out with the mayors of the Brno metropolitan area in 2020. From a total of 184 municipalities, 175 municipalities took part in the questionnaire survey. Thus, the return was 95%. The results show that the assumption of the importance of the municipality population size is significant when making decisions about future development and cooperation within a metropolitan area. Although most municipalities in all size categories consider it useful to engage in cooperation and solve selected topics together at a metropolitan level, the municipalities in the smallest size categories of up to 1,000 inhabitants had a significantly lower proportion of very positive responses (definitely yes) than municipalities in the other categories. This fact may be attributed to the specific development of the Czech settlement system and the so-called historical memory of the residents from small municipalities during the directive merger in the 1970s and 1980s.
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