Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2019.1686277
N. P. Lemche
As from this issue, Dr. James (Jim) West has given up his charge as Associate Editor/Book Reviews Editor (North America) for reasons of health. Jim has been active in this position for many years and finds it the right moment to leave the position. I will always be grateful for his professionalism which has made the task of editing SJOT so much easier as I didn’t have to worry about the quality of the English Language. However, I have asked Jim if he would probably be interested in a much less demanding position as language consultant, starting with SJOT 34, 2020, and he has agreed. Therefore I hope to be able to secure the quality of the English used here also in the future. This issue includes as series of articles on the subject of the use of Psalms in the 2 nd Temple Period, “Functions of Psalms and Prayers in the Second Temple Period—A Nordic Perspective,” edited by Mika S. Pajunen of the University of Helsinki, and Anne Katrine de Hemmer Gudme of the University of Oslo. The articles represent a continuation of studies of Psalms initiated by two conferences held in Copenhagen and Helsinki in 2015, and are evidence of the changing perspective on Psalm research in these years. When we are discussing matters relevant to the 2 nd Temple Period, this issue of SJOT also includes a section edited by Colin Cornell of the University of The School of Theology at Sewanee, The University of the South, devoted to the Elephantine papyri as used in teaching students the Old Testament. It is a “round-table discussion” and thus represents something not normally seen in journals like SJOT. We find it, however, a most relevant and interesting topic, not least because of the obvious progress of 2 nd Temple studies and the origins of Judaism in recent years. Finally, to balance the focusing on the 2 nd Temple period, we include a study of Nizzim Amzallaq on Moses’ Tent of Meeting, which brings us to quite a different corner of biblical studies.
{"title":"Editorial Matters","authors":"N. P. Lemche","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2019.1686277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2019.1686277","url":null,"abstract":"As from this issue, Dr. James (Jim) West has given up his charge as Associate Editor/Book Reviews Editor (North America) for reasons of health. Jim has been active in this position for many years and finds it the right moment to leave the position. I will always be grateful for his professionalism which has made the task of editing SJOT so much easier as I didn’t have to worry about the quality of the English Language. However, I have asked Jim if he would probably be interested in a much less demanding position as language consultant, starting with SJOT 34, 2020, and he has agreed. Therefore I hope to be able to secure the quality of the English used here also in the future. This issue includes as series of articles on the subject of the use of Psalms in the 2 nd Temple Period, “Functions of Psalms and Prayers in the Second Temple Period—A Nordic Perspective,” edited by Mika S. Pajunen of the University of Helsinki, and Anne Katrine de Hemmer Gudme of the University of Oslo. The articles represent a continuation of studies of Psalms initiated by two conferences held in Copenhagen and Helsinki in 2015, and are evidence of the changing perspective on Psalm research in these years. When we are discussing matters relevant to the 2 nd Temple Period, this issue of SJOT also includes a section edited by Colin Cornell of the University of The School of Theology at Sewanee, The University of the South, devoted to the Elephantine papyri as used in teaching students the Old Testament. It is a “round-table discussion” and thus represents something not normally seen in journals like SJOT. We find it, however, a most relevant and interesting topic, not least because of the obvious progress of 2 nd Temple studies and the origins of Judaism in recent years. Finally, to balance the focusing on the 2 nd Temple period, we include a study of Nizzim Amzallaq on Moses’ Tent of Meeting, which brings us to quite a different corner of biblical studies.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"33 1","pages":"159 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2019.1686277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48742184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teaching Elephantine to Theological Students: A Round-Table","authors":"Collin Cornell, T. C. Eskenazi, K. van der Toorn, Reinhard G. Kratz, C. Mitchell, S. Bledsoe, B. Becking, Gard Granerød, A. Botta, B. Porten","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2019.1686290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2019.1686290","url":null,"abstract":"(2019). Teaching Elephantine to Theological Students: A Round-Table. Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament: Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 277-297.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"33 1","pages":"277 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2019.1686290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44068209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2019.1686283
S. Holst
ABSTRACT The article investigates the metaphorical use of the terminology of redemption, involving the verb הדּפּ and its nominal derivatives, in liturgical language in the Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls, applying the understanding of metaphor developed in the context of Conceptual Integration theory; Psalm 49 and passages from the Qumran Hodayot are singled out as examples.
{"title":"Redeeming and Redemption in Biblical and Qumran Psalms and Prayers","authors":"S. Holst","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2019.1686283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2019.1686283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article investigates the metaphorical use of the terminology of redemption, involving the verb הדּפּ and its nominal derivatives, in liturgical language in the Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls, applying the understanding of metaphor developed in the context of Conceptual Integration theory; Psalm 49 and passages from the Qumran Hodayot are singled out as examples.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"33 1","pages":"203 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2019.1686283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41370633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2019.1686282
E. Holt
ABSTRACT This article asks for the possible sociological and theological background of the so-called Psalms of the Righteous in the Book of Psalms. First, I discuss Christoph Levin’s understanding of this group of psalms. Then I make a close reading of Psalm 141 as a psalm which is obsessed with the implied psalmist’s fear of urging a heterodox theology. On the background of theories of “Charter Groups” (John Porter, John Kessler) and “Carrier Groups” (J.C. Alexander) and of Mary Douglas’ “group-grid theory” I propose to place Psalm 141 as well as Psalms 1, 37, and 73 within the intellectual framework of an enclave of ṣaddiqîm in Persian period Judah (and later).
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2019.1686288
Mika S. Pajunen
ABSTRACT Form criticism has long been an indispensable part of psalm studies, and some of its main results are still widely accepted. Nevertheless, certain formal categories distinguished by some, such as the existence of genres of royal or wisdom psalms, have been firmly denied by others. Moreover, psalm and prayer material from the late Second Temple period has nearly from the beginning of form-critical studies been acknowledged to resist formal classification into firm categories. With only a small portion of the available material falling neatly into recognized categories, the limits of the current form-critical approach are obvious. This paper considers whether a differentiation between formal and thematic elements and their further distinction from issues related to the changing functions of psalmody could pave the way for methodologically more nuanced models that would be able to cope more flexibly and reliably with the diversity of the material and the changing social settings behind them.
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2019.1686289
Nissim Amzallag
ABSTRACT In the Pentateuch, the appellation ʾōhel mȏʿēd denotes both the Israelite tabernacle and the tent of meeting evoked in Exod 18, 7-12; Exod 33,7-11; Num 27,1-23 and Deut 31,14-15. The latter venue, exclusively associated with the figure of Moses, is characterized by the absence of priestly function, cultic service, sacrifices, and ritual. The involvement of Jethro in its inauguration (Exodus 18), together with its metallurgical affinities and its similarities with the tent-sanctuary found in Timna (southern Arabah), suggest that the tent is borrowed from Qenite Yahwistic traditions. The importance of this shrine is revealed by its being the site of dialogue with the deity and the consequent elaboration of Israelite legislation (the Law of Moses). It is also reflected by the transfer to the Israelite Tabernacle (miškān) of some of its essential characteristics. It is concluded that, instead of reflecting an Israelite tradition parallel to that of the Tabernacle, Moses’ tent of meeting expresses in the Pentateuch the transitory phase of emergence of the Israelite religion from primeval Qenite Yahwism.
在摩西五经中，称谓“ōhel m ēd”既指以色列人的帐幕，也指出埃及记18:7 -12中提到的会幕;Exod 33, 7 - 11;民27,1-23和申31,14-15。后者专门与摩西的形象联系在一起，其特点是没有祭司的功能、崇拜服务、祭祀和仪式。叶忒罗参与了它的落成典礼(《出埃及记》第18章)，加上它在冶金方面的相似性，以及它与在Timna(南Arabah)发现的帐篷圣所的相似之处，表明这个帐篷是从Qenite Yahwistic传统中借来的。这座神殿的重要性体现在它是与神对话的场所，以及由此产生的以色列立法(摩西律法)。它也反映在转移到以色列会幕(miškān)的一些基本特征上。结论是，摩西的会幕并没有反映出与会幕相似的以色列传统，而是在摩西五经中表达了以色列宗教从原始的基尼特耶和华主义中出现的短暂阶段。
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2019.1686286
Marika Pulkkinen
ABSTRACT This article deals with 1 Cor 10,1-10, where Paul alludes to historical psalms (Pss 77[78], 104[105] and 105[106]) in portraying Israel’s idolatrous acts in spite of God’s miracles in the wilderness. In some cases, it is difficult to decipher whether Paul refers to a particular psalm text or to the overall narrative that is attested in both the historical psalms and the Pentateuch. Hence, I do not claim that Paul alludes only to the historical psalms in this passage; rather, he alludes to the wilderness tradition without pinpointing it to any specific scriptural book. Furthermore, I will argue for the Pauline origin of the composition in 1 Cor 10,1-10, which previous studies have claimed pre-dates Paul.
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2019.1686285
David Willgren Davage
ABSTRACT It is often argued that the Masoretic “Book” of Psalms is a carefully redacted collection whose final shape carries substantial interpretive significance. The way psalms are placed in sequence is deemed important, but the actual shapes of the earliest Dead Sea psalms scrolls are not often taken into account. The current article revisits these issues by situating them in their proper interpretive context—the late Second Temple period—and by looking at how a sequence of psalms commented upon in a pesher designated by Annette Steudel as 4QMidrEschata.b is understood. The conclusion is that although sequences of psalms seem to have had significance in the selection of psalms, they did not affect the interpretation of the individual psalms.
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Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2019.1599623
Jørn Varhaug
ABSTRACT In the Old Testament, shepherd is a common metaphor of kingship, and this metaphor is sometimes also used to denote the Israelite god as a ruler (See for instance HALOT entry הער ). In Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian and Greek works this metaphor is remarkably more common in pre-exilic literature than in the later Greek and Roman literature, where it is almost absent. In this article I argue that shepherding was central to Assyrian and Babylonian ruling class identity, while absent as royal self-expression in the Persian, Achaemenid Empire. The imageries of these empires were influential as models for court life throughout the Ancient Near East, and beyond.
{"title":"The Decline of the Shepherd Metaphor as Royal Self-Expression1","authors":"Jørn Varhaug","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2019.1599623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2019.1599623","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the Old Testament, shepherd is a common metaphor of kingship, and this metaphor is sometimes also used to denote the Israelite god as a ruler (See for instance HALOT entry הער ). In Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian and Greek works this metaphor is remarkably more common in pre-exilic literature than in the later Greek and Roman literature, where it is almost absent. In this article I argue that shepherding was central to Assyrian and Babylonian ruling class identity, while absent as royal self-expression in the Persian, Achaemenid Empire. The imageries of these empires were influential as models for court life throughout the Ancient Near East, and beyond.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"33 1","pages":"16 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2019.1599623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43112916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2019.1600260
N. Na’aman
ABSTRACT In this article I examine the relations between Jacob’s putative oral story and the pre-Priestly narrative. I argue that Hosea’s prophecy presents the version of Jacob's oral story related in his time and antedated by many years the composition of the story-cycle in its written form. Comparison of Hosea’s prophecy and Jacob’s narrative indicates the thorough way in which the exilic author worked the oral story he received in order to fit it to his ideological messages and religious concepts. To further examine the relations between the oral and written modes, I discuss the episode of the treaty between Laban and Jacob (Gen 31,45–54) in light of a Mari letter (A.3592). Comparison of the two episodes indicates that part of the biblical narrative rests on the oral story and other part was written by the late author. Evidently, the long process of oral transmission, the growth of the narratives in its course, and the creative reworking of the author make it impossible to either isolate the early oral layer within the present story-cycle or to date the stages of its growth in the oral process of transmission.
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