Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1976520
Ellena Lyell
ABSTRACT Many scholars use the complexity of colour categorisation as a key example in arguments about cognitive linguistics. This paper focuses on two of the main modern arguments of colour perception in relation to language and thought today: Rosch’s “Prototype Theory” and Kay and McDaniel’s “Fuzzy-Set Theory”. It emphasises the need for these theories to be adapted to better understand colour categorisation in the Hebrew Bible. Ultimately, though parts of the modern approaches can apply to biblical texts, the inability to conduct anthropological research means it is extremely difficult to determine any universal truths about colour in antiquity. Colour is a culturally-sensitive phenomenon in the Hebrew Bible and is a unique entry point into understanding a culture’s traditions and values.
{"title":"Cognitive Linguistics & Chromatic Language: Applying Modern Theories of Colour Perception to the Hebrew Bible1","authors":"Ellena Lyell","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1976520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1976520","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many scholars use the complexity of colour categorisation as a key example in arguments about cognitive linguistics. This paper focuses on two of the main modern arguments of colour perception in relation to language and thought today: Rosch’s “Prototype Theory” and Kay and McDaniel’s “Fuzzy-Set Theory”. It emphasises the need for these theories to be adapted to better understand colour categorisation in the Hebrew Bible. Ultimately, though parts of the modern approaches can apply to biblical texts, the inability to conduct anthropological research means it is extremely difficult to determine any universal truths about colour in antiquity. Colour is a culturally-sensitive phenomenon in the Hebrew Bible and is a unique entry point into understanding a culture’s traditions and values.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"230 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48411791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1979310
B. Lang
ABSTRACT On the basis of an anthropological reading of a number of representative biblical passages—Deuteronomy 26, Judges 3, Daniel 2, and Revelation 20-21—it is suggested that the evidence fits best the notion of cyclical, repetitive history. Within the biblical cycle, the phase of transition, the “liminal” or “threshold period” from the (shorter) bad, to the (longer) good and golden age carries special importance. Rivaling views of the biblical notion of time—biblical history as the linear “history of salvation” (Heilsgeschichte), and biblical existentialism with its emphasis on making a decision “now”—reflect either late-ancient or twentieth-century mentalities, rather than the archaic mentality of the Bible (and that of Hesiod’s Works and Days).
{"title":"God and Time: An Essay on the Bible’s Cyclical View of History","authors":"B. Lang","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1979310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1979310","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On the basis of an anthropological reading of a number of representative biblical passages—Deuteronomy 26, Judges 3, Daniel 2, and Revelation 20-21—it is suggested that the evidence fits best the notion of cyclical, repetitive history. Within the biblical cycle, the phase of transition, the “liminal” or “threshold period” from the (shorter) bad, to the (longer) good and golden age carries special importance. Rivaling views of the biblical notion of time—biblical history as the linear “history of salvation” (Heilsgeschichte), and biblical existentialism with its emphasis on making a decision “now”—reflect either late-ancient or twentieth-century mentalities, rather than the archaic mentality of the Bible (and that of Hesiod’s Works and Days).","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"301 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42356431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1976522
Gregory Goswell
ABSTRACT In Haggai 2,1-9, the prophet teases out the relation of temple and eschatology. Haggai’s views represent a certain species of prophetic eschatology, one also to be found in Ezekiel 40-48 and Zechariah. In these three prophecies the temple is the centerpiece of the future Kingdom of God, though Haggai gives his own version of this hope. For Haggai, the restoration of the temple is a precondition for the coming of God’s kingdom (e.g. 1,8), but he does not simply equate the rebuilt temple of his day with the ideal temple of Ezekiel’s vision. Nor does Haggai have in mind a new temple to replace the old as in Zechariah 1-8, instead he anticipates the future transformation of the sacral structure that they are presently building (2,7.9). In other words, Haggai distinguishes the present half-built structure from its more illustrious state when God will appear in glory as the King of the nations.
{"title":"The Glorification of the Temple in Haggai 2,1-9","authors":"Gregory Goswell","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1976522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1976522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Haggai 2,1-9, the prophet teases out the relation of temple and eschatology. Haggai’s views represent a certain species of prophetic eschatology, one also to be found in Ezekiel 40-48 and Zechariah. In these three prophecies the temple is the centerpiece of the future Kingdom of God, though Haggai gives his own version of this hope. For Haggai, the restoration of the temple is a precondition for the coming of God’s kingdom (e.g. 1,8), but he does not simply equate the rebuilt temple of his day with the ideal temple of Ezekiel’s vision. Nor does Haggai have in mind a new temple to replace the old as in Zechariah 1-8, instead he anticipates the future transformation of the sacral structure that they are presently building (2,7.9). In other words, Haggai distinguishes the present half-built structure from its more illustrious state when God will appear in glory as the King of the nations.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"242 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43089718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1909305
Zimran Yisca
ABSTRACT This paper explores the unit of Micah 3,9-12, its structure, language, imagery, and the worldviews reflected in it. Based on this discussion I reach the conclusion that the prophet is not only reproaching the leaders for how they fulfill their role, but he mainly focuses on the mindset that motivates their actions. The prophet criticizes leaders for assuming that “God is among [them],” which leads them to cast off their personal responsibility and pin their hopes on God. The prophet seeks to undermine the centrality of God’s role, and to shift the responsibility to the leaders in particular, and to humanity in general. He does this not only by expressing their main sin in v. 11, but also through the prediction of the punishment of destruction that appears in v. 12 and the formulation of the connections between their sin and their punishment. The formulation of this unit reflects the struggle with the so-called ‘Zion Tradition’ and the effects it may have on human behavior. The position reflected in the unit of 3,9-12 is also expressed in other units in the book of Micah, which I will mention briefly in my conclusion.
{"title":"“What Does the Lord Require of You”: The Attitude towards Zion and the Social Situation in the Book of Micah","authors":"Zimran Yisca","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1909305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1909305","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the unit of Micah 3,9-12, its structure, language, imagery, and the worldviews reflected in it. Based on this discussion I reach the conclusion that the prophet is not only reproaching the leaders for how they fulfill their role, but he mainly focuses on the mindset that motivates their actions. The prophet criticizes leaders for assuming that “God is among [them],” which leads them to cast off their personal responsibility and pin their hopes on God. The prophet seeks to undermine the centrality of God’s role, and to shift the responsibility to the leaders in particular, and to humanity in general. He does this not only by expressing their main sin in v. 11, but also through the prediction of the punishment of destruction that appears in v. 12 and the formulation of the connections between their sin and their punishment. The formulation of this unit reflects the struggle with the so-called ‘Zion Tradition’ and the effects it may have on human behavior. The position reflected in the unit of 3,9-12 is also expressed in other units in the book of Micah, which I will mention briefly in my conclusion.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2021.1909305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43055879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1908018
Drew S. Holland
ABSTRACT The framework of 1-2 Kings surrounds the narratives of prophets and kings, offering brief notices of the deeds of these kings with chronological interest. Many scholars have hypothesized ancient Near Eastern literary parallels for this framework, but little in-depth literary comparison to other ANE literary genres has appeared. This article demonstrates the proximity of the framework of 1-2 Kings to neo-Babylonian chronicles, thus furthering the arguments of more recent scholars, and looks to research on the neo-Babylonian chronicles to offer insight into what this means for the composition of these texts and how they entered into what is now the final form of the books of 1-2 Kings.
{"title":"The Genre of Source Texts Used in Chronographic Narratives of 1-2 Kings","authors":"Drew S. Holland","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1908018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1908018","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The framework of 1-2 Kings surrounds the narratives of prophets and kings, offering brief notices of the deeds of these kings with chronological interest. Many scholars have hypothesized ancient Near Eastern literary parallels for this framework, but little in-depth literary comparison to other ANE literary genres has appeared. This article demonstrates the proximity of the framework of 1-2 Kings to neo-Babylonian chronicles, thus furthering the arguments of more recent scholars, and looks to research on the neo-Babylonian chronicles to offer insight into what this means for the composition of these texts and how they entered into what is now the final form of the books of 1-2 Kings.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"126 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2021.1908018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42903103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1909308
Miriam Sklarz
ABSTRACT Various divisions of the Song of Haazinu (Deut 32:1-43) have been proposed, based on diverse considerations of theme, meter, and language. The suggested division criteria, however, were not consistent and unequivocal throughout all the parts of the structure, and the various proposals did not gain a wide consensus. This article proposes a new division that reveals a symmetrical structure that is based on recurring and synonymous wordings in the Song and that highlights the Song’s ideational meaning.
{"title":"“Ha’azinu” (Deut 32,1-43): Structure and Significance","authors":"Miriam Sklarz","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1909308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1909308","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Various divisions of the Song of Haazinu (Deut 32:1-43) have been proposed, based on diverse considerations of theme, meter, and language. The suggested division criteria, however, were not consistent and unequivocal throughout all the parts of the structure, and the various proposals did not gain a wide consensus. This article proposes a new division that reveals a symmetrical structure that is based on recurring and synonymous wordings in the Song and that highlights the Song’s ideational meaning.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"59 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2021.1909308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41919384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1908020
David Seal
ABSTRACT While in the last two decades or so orality and performance have entered into the mainstream of biblical studies, the genre of wisdom literature has remained largely unexplored from these perspectives. To address this omission, I intend to draw attention to the value of looking at the biblical proverbs through the lens of performance and orality.
{"title":"Proverbs Through the Eyes (and Ears) of Performance","authors":"David Seal","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1908020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1908020","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While in the last two decades or so orality and performance have entered into the mainstream of biblical studies, the genre of wisdom literature has remained largely unexplored from these perspectives. To address this omission, I intend to draw attention to the value of looking at the biblical proverbs through the lens of performance and orality.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"147 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2021.1908020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48612830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1908017
G. Kugler
ABSTRACT The narrative of the people’s redemption from Egyptian oppression plays a central role in the Hebrew bible in numerous books, genres and literary sources. Among these biblical references some occurrences lack a central element of the familiar story—the peoples’ slavery. This article discusses the narrative of the Israelites’ experience in Egypt as presented in the idiosyncratic review of Israel’s chronicle in Ezekiel 20 and as implied by other references in the biblical laws, narratives and prophecies. It argues for a gradual evolution of the narrative of the Egyptian slavery and oppression, and thus of the redemption of Israel.
{"title":"Egypt without Slavery—Tracing the Tradition of Israel’s Residence in Egypt","authors":"G. Kugler","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1908017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1908017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The narrative of the people’s redemption from Egyptian oppression plays a central role in the Hebrew bible in numerous books, genres and literary sources. Among these biblical references some occurrences lack a central element of the familiar story—the peoples’ slavery. This article discusses the narrative of the Israelites’ experience in Egypt as presented in the idiosyncratic review of Israel’s chronicle in Ezekiel 20 and as implied by other references in the biblical laws, narratives and prophecies. It argues for a gradual evolution of the narrative of the Egyptian slavery and oppression, and thus of the redemption of Israel.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"111 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2021.1908017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47572588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1909307
W. Schütte
ABSTRACT Textfunde und archäologische Artefakte dokumentieren die kulturelle Verbreitung der mosaischen Torah in Palästina seit dem 2. Jh. v.Chr. Doch während der Prolog des griechischen Ben Sira sich ausdrücklich auf die Torah bezieht, scheint hebräisch Ben Sira “Torah” als Bezeichnung weder für das Deuteronomium noch für die Fünf Bücher Mose zu kennen. Sein bevorzugter Begriff ist das “Gebot (des Mose).” Dieser Ausdruck ist auch mehrfach als varia lectio in alten Handschriften bezeugt und reicht ausweislich qumranischer Zeugnisse weiter zurück als die “Torah (des Mose).” Daraus ergeben sich Anfragen an die Theorie einer perserzeitlichen Formation der Torah. Textual and archaeological evidence documents the rise of Torah in the 2. cent. BCE. Greek Ben Sira explicitly refers to the Mosaic Torah. However, in Hebrew Ben Sira, Torah seems not to characterise Deuteronomy or the Five Books of Moses. Its preferred term is the “commandment (of Moses)”, a term often attested as a suppressed varia lectio in old biblical manuscripts. Even qumranic texts refer to God’s “commandment” given to Israel in early Persian times. This raises questions concerning the theory of the formation of the literary Torah in the Persian era.
{"title":"miṣwah oder tôrah? Ben Sira und das Aufkommen der Torah im 2. Jh. v.Chr.","authors":"W. Schütte","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1909307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1909307","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Textfunde und archäologische Artefakte dokumentieren die kulturelle Verbreitung der mosaischen Torah in Palästina seit dem 2. Jh. v.Chr. Doch während der Prolog des griechischen Ben Sira sich ausdrücklich auf die Torah bezieht, scheint hebräisch Ben Sira “Torah” als Bezeichnung weder für das Deuteronomium noch für die Fünf Bücher Mose zu kennen. Sein bevorzugter Begriff ist das “Gebot (des Mose).” Dieser Ausdruck ist auch mehrfach als varia lectio in alten Handschriften bezeugt und reicht ausweislich qumranischer Zeugnisse weiter zurück als die “Torah (des Mose).” Daraus ergeben sich Anfragen an die Theorie einer perserzeitlichen Formation der Torah. Textual and archaeological evidence documents the rise of Torah in the 2. cent. BCE. Greek Ben Sira explicitly refers to the Mosaic Torah. However, in Hebrew Ben Sira, Torah seems not to characterise Deuteronomy or the Five Books of Moses. Its preferred term is the “commandment (of Moses)”, a term often attested as a suppressed varia lectio in old biblical manuscripts. Even qumranic texts refer to God’s “commandment” given to Israel in early Persian times. This raises questions concerning the theory of the formation of the literary Torah in the Persian era.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"33 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2021.1909307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46939454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2021.1909306
B. Robinson
ABSTRACT We find quails accounts in Exod 16 (P) (cf Ps 105) and Num 11 (non-P) (cf Pss 78 and 106). In the Pentateuch as it stands, they narrate two separate events. In both, the quails are a divine gift, but in Num 11 their arrival follows an excessive murmuring. The people then scurry to amass huge quantities of quails per person, and it is this action that leads YHWH to inflict a lethal blow on them as soon as they begin eating. The meat itself (distributed probably by the seventy elders in the role of šōṭerîm) is not harmful; it is not “meat seasoned with divine wrath”, pace C.H.Spurgeon. Num 11 is a narrative calculated to discourage greed and unjustified murmuring.
{"title":"“Meat Seasoned with Divine Wrath”? The Quails Tradition(s)","authors":"B. Robinson","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2021.1909306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2021.1909306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We find quails accounts in Exod 16 (P) (cf Ps 105) and Num 11 (non-P) (cf Pss 78 and 106). In the Pentateuch as it stands, they narrate two separate events. In both, the quails are a divine gift, but in Num 11 their arrival follows an excessive murmuring. The people then scurry to amass huge quantities of quails per person, and it is this action that leads YHWH to inflict a lethal blow on them as soon as they begin eating. The meat itself (distributed probably by the seventy elders in the role of šōṭerîm) is not harmful; it is not “meat seasoned with divine wrath”, pace C.H.Spurgeon. Num 11 is a narrative calculated to discourage greed and unjustified murmuring.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"35 1","pages":"19 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09018328.2021.1909306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46032573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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