Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2114184
H. Curzer
ABSTRACT The traditional interpretation of the golden calf episode takes the narrator’s picture to be the whole story. By uncovering the different ways in which Moses, Aaron, the Israelites, and the neighboring tribes think about the episode, I show that the narrator’s picture is just one of several perspectives offered by the text. Relying solely on the narrator leaves the reader with interpretive puzzles and unsavory lessons. My interpretation shows the episode to be more nuanced than the tradition recognizes, resolves these puzzles, and replaces the repugnant lessons with reasonable ones.
{"title":"The Narrator’s Words are Not the Last Word: Four Perspectives on the Gold Calf Episode","authors":"H. Curzer","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2114184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2114184","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The traditional interpretation of the golden calf episode takes the narrator’s picture to be the whole story. By uncovering the different ways in which Moses, Aaron, the Israelites, and the neighboring tribes think about the episode, I show that the narrator’s picture is just one of several perspectives offered by the text. Relying solely on the narrator leaves the reader with interpretive puzzles and unsavory lessons. My interpretation shows the episode to be more nuanced than the tradition recognizes, resolves these puzzles, and replaces the repugnant lessons with reasonable ones.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45255316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2114185
Chelcent Fuad
ABSTRACT This article argues that the author of Psalm 114 intends to appropriate the ancient tradition of the exodus event for its contemporary reader in an exilic or postexilic context. Instead of focusing on God’s salvific acts in the original exodus event, this psalm reimagines the tradition in the exilic or postexilic setting by creatively restructuring its narrative sequence. Although the narrative elements in this psalm are drawn from various traditions and juxtaposed paratactically in each stanza, the larger structure of the psalm follows a new temporal and logical sequence, which is different from the narrative sequence of the traditions that it alludes to. The psalm may have been intentionally composed in a manner that is dissimilar to the traditions it draws upon as a way to appropriate past events in the new context of its readers.
{"title":"Exodus Reimagined: Psalm 114 and the Restructuring of the Exodus Tradition","authors":"Chelcent Fuad","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2114185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2114185","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article argues that the author of Psalm 114 intends to appropriate the ancient tradition of the exodus event for its contemporary reader in an exilic or postexilic context. Instead of focusing on God’s salvific acts in the original exodus event, this psalm reimagines the tradition in the exilic or postexilic setting by creatively restructuring its narrative sequence. Although the narrative elements in this psalm are drawn from various traditions and juxtaposed paratactically in each stanza, the larger structure of the psalm follows a new temporal and logical sequence, which is different from the narrative sequence of the traditions that it alludes to. The psalm may have been intentionally composed in a manner that is dissimilar to the traditions it draws upon as a way to appropriate past events in the new context of its readers.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46685685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2085901
Walter Gisin
ABSTRACT Aufgrund von Beobachtungen in den altbabylonischen Maribriefen, der Bileaminschrift, neuassyrischen und altgriechischen Orakelschriften wird der vermutete langzeitige Prozess der Entstehung israelitischer Prophetenschriften trotz der vor allem in Qumran bezeugten Textvarianten infrage gestellt. Israelitische Propheten hafteten mit ihrem Leben für die Zuverlässigkeit der göttlichen Botschaften, darum waren sie für deren zuverlässige Niederschrift besorgt. Für Aktualisierungen und Rekontextualisierungen brauchte es keine Veränderungen mehr. Als Beispiele der Verschriftung führte ich Haggai, Jesaja, Jeremia und Ezechiel auf.
{"title":"Entstehung prophetischer Schriften","authors":"Walter Gisin","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2085901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2085901","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aufgrund von Beobachtungen in den altbabylonischen Maribriefen, der Bileaminschrift, neuassyrischen und altgriechischen Orakelschriften wird der vermutete langzeitige Prozess der Entstehung israelitischer Prophetenschriften trotz der vor allem in Qumran bezeugten Textvarianten infrage gestellt. Israelitische Propheten hafteten mit ihrem Leben für die Zuverlässigkeit der göttlichen Botschaften, darum waren sie für deren zuverlässige Niederschrift besorgt. Für Aktualisierungen und Rekontextualisierungen brauchte es keine Veränderungen mehr. Als Beispiele der Verschriftung führte ich Haggai, Jesaja, Jeremia und Ezechiel auf.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43553902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2085907
Nicholas Campbell
ABSTRACT This paper explores the theme of children in the book of Job. It will be argued that a significant theme in Job is divine blessing through progeny to continue his household name. Both Job and his friends refer to the death of his progeny in the prologue as a sign of disfavor and the possible reinstatement of his children as divine favor. The focus upon progeny as heirs to continue the house of Job explains why the replacement of children in the epilogue is not presented as problematic in the text. Within the text, progeny is the sign of divine favor not specific children, so the epilogue is only concerned with the reinstatement of potential heirs to continue Job’s name.
{"title":"God and Heirs: The Theme of Progeny in Job","authors":"Nicholas Campbell","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2085907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2085907","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the theme of children in the book of Job. It will be argued that a significant theme in Job is divine blessing through progeny to continue his household name. Both Job and his friends refer to the death of his progeny in the prologue as a sign of disfavor and the possible reinstatement of his children as divine favor. The focus upon progeny as heirs to continue the house of Job explains why the replacement of children in the epilogue is not presented as problematic in the text. Within the text, progeny is the sign of divine favor not specific children, so the epilogue is only concerned with the reinstatement of potential heirs to continue Job’s name.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43719178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2085902
S. Wagner-Tsukamoto
ABSTRACT When discussing social contract, James Buchanan distinguished two approaches for generating order and cooperation in society: A religiously inspired moral precepts approach, which he dismissed; and constitutional economics, which he favored. He associated the former with the irrational: spiritual, non-secular, pre-modern—theological—concept; whereas the latter set out in his understanding enlightened, modern and rational social contract, which he followed up in institutional economic terms. The paper casts doubt on this strict separation of religion from economics. It argues the thesis that Old Testament religion portrays, in addition to a spiritual dimension, a rational economic one also. The paper proposes a concept of “rational religion” that traces, in substance and nature, institutional economics into Old Testament-based religion. This contests the boundaries between economics and religion. Further implications result regarding the philosophical foundations of Buchanan: i.e. the Enlightenment’s agenda of separating the ancient/ pre-modern from the modern; or indeed, traditional religion from rational ethics and science. The paper challenges such dualistic opposites that have separated religion from economics for so long.
{"title":"On the Economic Constitution of Old Testament Religion: A Critique of Buchanan’s Understanding of Religious Moral Precepts","authors":"S. Wagner-Tsukamoto","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2085902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2085902","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When discussing social contract, James Buchanan distinguished two approaches for generating order and cooperation in society: A religiously inspired moral precepts approach, which he dismissed; and constitutional economics, which he favored. He associated the former with the irrational: spiritual, non-secular, pre-modern—theological—concept; whereas the latter set out in his understanding enlightened, modern and rational social contract, which he followed up in institutional economic terms. The paper casts doubt on this strict separation of religion from economics. It argues the thesis that Old Testament religion portrays, in addition to a spiritual dimension, a rational economic one also. The paper proposes a concept of “rational religion” that traces, in substance and nature, institutional economics into Old Testament-based religion. This contests the boundaries between economics and religion. Further implications result regarding the philosophical foundations of Buchanan: i.e. the Enlightenment’s agenda of separating the ancient/ pre-modern from the modern; or indeed, traditional religion from rational ethics and science. The paper challenges such dualistic opposites that have separated religion from economics for so long.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42071931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2085906
M. A. Bowa
ABSTRACT Assyria’s expansionist policy during the 8th- century B.C.E was indeed a force to reckon with and it was practically inevitable for this expansionist policy not to trigger various response mechanisms especially from the weaker nations. These responses varied from the formation of anti-Assyrian coalitions to opting for neutrality. The later response is most immediately expressed in the prophesies of Isaiah. As such, although scholarship has convincingly established that the prophet’s message revolved around the political developments of the hegemony of Assyria, little has been written regarding the possible reasons that influenced the prophet’s option for neutrality in the face of Assyrian Imperialism. While the argument that the prophet’s decision was largely influenced by his religious convictions and trust in Yahweh is sustainable, this paper argues that the prophet Isaiah’s stance was predominantly influenced by his political understanding of how empires like Assyria functioned. Contrary to the common position, this paper contends that the decision had more do with the prophet’s political convictions than it had to do with his religious convictions. As such, this paper examines Assyria’s imperial tactics and demonstrates how these predominantly informed Isaiah’s policy of neutrality over and above the prophet’s religious persuasions.
{"title":"Assyrian Imperialism and Its Impact on the Sovereignty of Ancient Israel: Assessing the Motives Behind the Prophet Isaiah’s Message of Neutrality (Isaiah Chapter 6-39)","authors":"M. A. Bowa","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2085906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2085906","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Assyria’s expansionist policy during the 8th- century B.C.E was indeed a force to reckon with and it was practically inevitable for this expansionist policy not to trigger various response mechanisms especially from the weaker nations. These responses varied from the formation of anti-Assyrian coalitions to opting for neutrality. The later response is most immediately expressed in the prophesies of Isaiah. As such, although scholarship has convincingly established that the prophet’s message revolved around the political developments of the hegemony of Assyria, little has been written regarding the possible reasons that influenced the prophet’s option for neutrality in the face of Assyrian Imperialism. While the argument that the prophet’s decision was largely influenced by his religious convictions and trust in Yahweh is sustainable, this paper argues that the prophet Isaiah’s stance was predominantly influenced by his political understanding of how empires like Assyria functioned. Contrary to the common position, this paper contends that the decision had more do with the prophet’s political convictions than it had to do with his religious convictions. As such, this paper examines Assyria’s imperial tactics and demonstrates how these predominantly informed Isaiah’s policy of neutrality over and above the prophet’s religious persuasions.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45398405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2085899
Esther Heinrich-Ramharter
ABSTRACT Description Songs, also called waṣfs, form an important part of the Song of Songs. They show the structure of a two-tiered list, one column of which comprises body parts, while the other column consists of metaphors taken from different domains. This paper explores eight dimensions of the functioning of the waṣfs that depend on this structure, for example the two-tiered lists as secret codes, or as a case of mnemonics.
{"title":"On the Form and Function of the Waṣfs in the Song of Songs","authors":"Esther Heinrich-Ramharter","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2085899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2085899","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Description Songs, also called waṣfs, form an important part of the Song of Songs. They show the structure of a two-tiered list, one column of which comprises body parts, while the other column consists of metaphors taken from different domains. This paper explores eight dimensions of the functioning of the waṣfs that depend on this structure, for example the two-tiered lists as secret codes, or as a case of mnemonics.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43733315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2085903
S. Duckett
ABSTRACT Judges 9 tells the story of the rise and demise of Abimelech. He assumes leadership of the region around Shechem by slaughtering his rival stepbrothers and dies in an assault on the town of Thebez when a woman throws a millstone from a tower which crushes his skull. He calls on his arms bearer to kill him who does so. It is unclear whether the certain woman or the arms bearer is the central figure in this denouement, but in either scenario, assisted dying is accepted. Abimelech’s story ends in verses 55-57 with the lessons to be drawn from his death, but that conclusion does not include condemnation of the manner of his death. This paper concludes that this absence of condemnation is significant, and the Abimelech story is an acceptance of assisted dying.
{"title":"The Role of Abimelech’s Arms Bearer: A Biblical Acceptance of Assisted Dying?","authors":"S. Duckett","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2085903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2085903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Judges 9 tells the story of the rise and demise of Abimelech. He assumes leadership of the region around Shechem by slaughtering his rival stepbrothers and dies in an assault on the town of Thebez when a woman throws a millstone from a tower which crushes his skull. He calls on his arms bearer to kill him who does so. It is unclear whether the certain woman or the arms bearer is the central figure in this denouement, but in either scenario, assisted dying is accepted. Abimelech’s story ends in verses 55-57 with the lessons to be drawn from his death, but that conclusion does not include condemnation of the manner of his death. This paper concludes that this absence of condemnation is significant, and the Abimelech story is an acceptance of assisted dying.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43246730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2085904
S. Scholz
ABSTRACT This essay examines the connection between politics, archaeology, and biblical historiography by focusing on a specific archaeological site, Tel Shiloh, centrally located in the West Bank. Tel Shiloh illustrates the popular conviction that the contested contemporary ethno-religious and socio-political situation of the West Bank originates from the Bible. The four excavations at Tel Shiloh have contributed in sometimes subtle but often in explicit ways to the massive effort of linking the biblical mention of Shiloh with today’s geopolitical ambitions of the state of Israel in the militarily occupied West Bank. The most recent link includes ambitious plans for building Tel Shiloh into an enormous tourism attraction.
{"title":"The Disneyfication of Shiloh: Biblical Historiography and Archaeology as Methodological Regimes of Military Occupation","authors":"S. Scholz","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2085904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2085904","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This essay examines the connection between politics, archaeology, and biblical historiography by focusing on a specific archaeological site, Tel Shiloh, centrally located in the West Bank. Tel Shiloh illustrates the popular conviction that the contested contemporary ethno-religious and socio-political situation of the West Bank originates from the Bible. The four excavations at Tel Shiloh have contributed in sometimes subtle but often in explicit ways to the massive effort of linking the biblical mention of Shiloh with today’s geopolitical ambitions of the state of Israel in the militarily occupied West Bank. The most recent link includes ambitious plans for building Tel Shiloh into an enormous tourism attraction.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42597071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2085897
N. P. Lemche
{"title":"Editorial Changes","authors":"N. P. Lemche","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2085897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2085897","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48428110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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