Purpose: This study discusses three research questions from the viewpoint of structure-expression style: (1) what is the concept of “facet” proposed by Ranganathan, (2) how did Ranganathan and Vickery consider the relationship between analytic-synthetic classification and faceted classification, and (3) how did Ranganathan and Vickery consider the relationship between facet and fundamental category (or common facet). Method: In a previous paper, the present author investigated each work of Ranganathan in chronological order. This paper reanalyzes the results obtained in the previous paper based on the theory of structure-expression style. This theory distinguishes two kinds of categorization methods of classification systems: one is by structure, either hierarchical or multi-dimensional, and the other is by expression style, either enumerative or synthetic. The writings of Vickery are also investigated and compared with those of Ranganathan based on the same theory. Results: The concept of Ranganathan’s facet is “totality of the classes.” Although this concept itself is simple, a current misunderstanding is that facet may be used in combination with “notation consisting of plural independent elements,” because both of these are adopted in the Colon Classification. Notation consisting of plural independent elements has also been confused with “composition of class numbers.” These three concepts should be distinguished definitively based on the theory of structure-expression style. These confusions influenced the later works of Ranganathan as well as the entire body of work of Vickery.
{"title":"Concept of facet of Ranganathan and Vickery from the viewpoint of structure–expression style theory","authors":"Nobuyuki Midorikawa","doi":"10.46895/lis.71.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.71.1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study discusses three research questions from the viewpoint of structure-expression style: (1) what is the concept of “facet” proposed by Ranganathan, (2) how did Ranganathan and Vickery consider the relationship between analytic-synthetic classification and faceted classification, and (3) how did Ranganathan and Vickery consider the relationship between facet and fundamental category (or common facet). Method: In a previous paper, the present author investigated each work of Ranganathan in chronological order. This paper reanalyzes the results obtained in the previous paper based on the theory of structure-expression style. This theory distinguishes two kinds of categorization methods of classification systems: one is by structure, either hierarchical or multi-dimensional, and the other is by expression style, either enumerative or synthetic. The writings of Vickery are also investigated and compared with those of Ranganathan based on the same theory. Results: The concept of Ranganathan’s facet is “totality of the classes.” Although this concept itself is simple, a current misunderstanding is that facet may be used in combination with “notation consisting of plural independent elements,” because both of these are adopted in the Colon Classification. Notation consisting of plural independent elements has also been confused with “composition of class numbers.” These three concepts should be distinguished definitively based on the theory of structure-expression style. These confusions influenced the later works of Ranganathan as well as the entire body of work of Vickery.","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2014-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70642461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The relationship between philosophy and library and information science","authors":"M. Yokoyama","doi":"10.46895/lis.71.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.71.75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2014-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70642729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subject librarians of college and university libraries in the United States of America","authors":"Kaori Yamada","doi":"10.46895/lis.71.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.71.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2014-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70642507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formation of the foundation of Tokyo Municipal Libraries Network","authors":"A. Yoshida","doi":"10.46895/lis.70.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.70.55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70642787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Subscription based electronic journals which are contained in the "Big Deal" have become predominant in the publication of scholarly journals, but some people predict that open access journals will take its place. This paper quantitatively examines how the status of open access journals has changed in the publication of scholarly journals, and discusses how the status of open access journals will be going in the near future. Methods: Three kinds of surveys were conducted: 1) The primary source was information on 38,803 journals published by 2011 in STM extracted from Ulrichsweb. The source was used to calculate the ratio of open access journals to the total number of journals in 2011. 2) The second data source was journal price lists and the web sites of five major commercial publishers. Both primary and second sources were used to calculate the ratio of new open access journals and new subscription based journals year by year. 3) The web sites of open access mega journals were used as the third source to check their current status. Results: The major findings were: 1) The ratio of open access journals to the total number of journals in STM was 14% in 2011. 2) The ratio of new open access journals to the total number of journals in STM has risen continuously since 2000. The majority of new open access journals have been launched by open access publishers. Among the major commercial publishers, Nature Publishing Group and Springer have begun to increase the number of new open access journals since 2010–2011. 3) Open access mega journals have been launched one after another since 2011. In conclusion, Open access journals are still not the predominant form of publication of scholarly journals, but the business model has become accepted by publishers.
{"title":"The growth of open access journals in relation to the publication of scholarly journals","authors":"Keiko Yokoi","doi":"10.46895/lis.70.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.70.143","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Subscription based electronic journals which are contained in the \"Big Deal\" have become predominant in the publication of scholarly journals, but some people predict that open access journals will take its place. This paper quantitatively examines how the status of open access journals has changed in the publication of scholarly journals, and discusses how the status of open access journals will be going in the near future. Methods: Three kinds of surveys were conducted: 1) The primary source was information on 38,803 journals published by 2011 in STM extracted from Ulrichsweb. The source was used to calculate the ratio of open access journals to the total number of journals in 2011. 2) The second data source was journal price lists and the web sites of five major commercial publishers. Both primary and second sources were used to calculate the ratio of new open access journals and new subscription based journals year by year. 3) The web sites of open access mega journals were used as the third source to check their current status. Results: The major findings were: 1) The ratio of open access journals to the total number of journals in STM was 14% in 2011. 2) The ratio of new open access journals to the total number of journals in STM has risen continuously since 2000. The majority of new open access journals have been launched by open access publishers. Among the major commercial publishers, Nature Publishing Group and Springer have begun to increase the number of new open access journals since 2010–2011. 3) Open access mega journals have been launched one after another since 2011. In conclusion, Open access journals are still not the predominant form of publication of scholarly journals, but the business model has become accepted by publishers.","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70641956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilization, preservation and management of library materials that require original state conservation","authors":"Y. Mochizuki","doi":"10.46895/lis.70.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.70.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70642258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This article aims to clarify how humanities researchers recognize the digitization of source materials and use them as academic resources. Various trials for the digitization of source materials have been performed for more than half a century in humanities research, and yet in library and information science, research on using digital images of source materials has only recently begun. Therefore, the recognition of digital images of source materials by humanities researchers has not been clarified. This article discusses the status of these images and the demand for digitization by humanities researchers. Methods: From July to October 2011, semi-structured interview surveys were conducted on 13 humanities researchers. They covered the use and recognition of source materials and their substitutes, such as facsimiles and digital images, on humanities research. Three main research approaches were used as the analytical framework for assessing the status and use of digital images: text, paratext, and context. Results: The text and paratext approaches showed that digital images of source materials can be used as an academic resource to varying degrees in humanities research. While several researchers argued that some information could only be obtained from source materials, others argued that there is a mutually complementary relationship between information obtained from digital images and source materials. The demand for digitization by humanities researchers can be classified as follows: digitization that is faithful to source materials, digitization by the collection unit, clarification of conditions, and the policies for digitization and improvement of bibliographic information.
{"title":"Use and recognition of digital images of source materials by humanities researchers","authors":"Y. Minami","doi":"10.46895/lis.70.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.70.119","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This article aims to clarify how humanities researchers recognize the digitization of source materials and use them as academic resources. Various trials for the digitization of source materials have been performed for more than half a century in humanities research, and yet in library and information science, research on using digital images of source materials has only recently begun. Therefore, the recognition of digital images of source materials by humanities researchers has not been clarified. This article discusses the status of these images and the demand for digitization by humanities researchers. Methods: From July to October 2011, semi-structured interview surveys were conducted on 13 humanities researchers. They covered the use and recognition of source materials and their substitutes, such as facsimiles and digital images, on humanities research. Three main research approaches were used as the analytical framework for assessing the status and use of digital images: text, paratext, and context. Results: The text and paratext approaches showed that digital images of source materials can be used as an academic resource to varying degrees in humanities research. While several researchers argued that some information could only be obtained from source materials, others argued that there is a mutually complementary relationship between information obtained from digital images and source materials. The demand for digitization by humanities researchers can be classified as follows: digitization that is faithful to source materials, digitization by the collection unit, clarification of conditions, and the policies for digitization and improvement of bibliographic information.","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70642303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A case study on learning and instructional support provided by the university library at the University of Michigan","authors":"Tayo Nagasawa","doi":"10.46895/lis.70.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.70.177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70642835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sub Title Differences in descriptions of Chinese personal and corporate name authority data : a comparison between China, Japan and South Korea Author 木村, 麻衣子(Kimura, Maiko) Publisher 三田図書館・情報学会 Publication year 2013 Jtitle Library and information science No.69 (2013. ) ,p.1946 Abstract 【目的】日本を含む漢字文化圏の国々では, 1 つの著者名に対して多様な表記が存 在する。欧米における著者名典拠データ共有の場面では, 漢字文化圏の表記の複雑さが理論的に反映されていないため, 漢字文化圏特有の事情をふまえた典拠情報の共有については, 漢字文化圏の中で詳細に検討すべきである。本研究の目的は, 中国人・団体著者名の中国, 日本, 韓国における表記を比較し, 相違点を発見して, 典拠データ共有のための課題を整理することである。 【方法】まず, 中国, 日本, 韓国における典拠コントロールの状況を概観し, 中国人 ・団体著者名典拠データ作成を行っている機関を研究対象として選出した。次に, 機関によって多様性があると考えられる表記上の項目として, 1漢字形の文字種, 2ローマ字形の種類と扱い, 3姓名の分かちとカンマの有無, 4中国以外の地域における現地語(カナヨミ, ハングルヨミ)表記の有無と方法, を設定した。そして, 研究対象とした各典拠データベース作成機関で中国人・団体 著者名典拠データを作成するために使用しているマニュアル, 実際のデータの一部, 事例報告等の資料を収集し, 収集した資料を用いて, 各典拠データの項目1から4の状況を比較し, 各典拠データの相違点から, 漢字文 化圏における中国人・団体著者名典拠データ共有に際しての課題を整理した。 【結果】1各機関が使用している漢字形の文字種にはばらつきがある, 2ローマ字形は全機関が漢語ピンインを採用しているが, 漢語ピンインの記述方法に相違点が見られる, 3漢字形の姓名の分かちは日本を除くほとんどの機関が行っていないが, 多くの機関がローマ字形にはカンマを使用している, 4日本ではカナヨミ形は必須, 韓国では漢字の韓国語読みハングル表記または漢語ピンインの韓国語読みハング ル表記が記述されていることが明らかとなり, 漢語ピンインの記述方法や異体字の扱いなどに課題が見られた。 Notes 原著論文 Genre Journal Article URL http://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=AN0000 3152-00000069-0019
Sub Title Differences in descriptions of Chinese personal and corporate name authority data:木村，麻衣子(Kimura)Publisher三田图书馆·信息学会Publication year 2013 Jtitle Library and信息科学No.69(2013.)，p.1946 Abstract【目的】在包括日本在内的汉字文化圈国家中，对于一个作者名存在多种多样的书写方式。在欧美的作者名典据数据共享的场景中，由于没有从理论上反映出汉字文化圈书写的复杂性，所以在基于汉字文化圈特有情况的典据信息共享方面，应该在汉字文化圈内进行详细的研究。本研究的目的是，比较中国，日本，韩国的中国人和团体作者名的标记，发现不同点，整理典据数据共享的课题。方法:首先，对中国、日本和韩国的典籍控制状况进行了概述，并选出了制作中国人和团体作者名典籍数据的机构作为研究对象。其次，根据机关的不同，被认为有多样性的表记上的项目，1汉字形的文字种类，2罗马形的种类和处理，3姓名的分享和有无汉字形，4中国以外的地区的当地语(假名读音，韩文读法，设定了标记的有无和方法。然后，收集作为研究对象的各典籍数据库制作机构制作中国人、团体作者名典籍数据所使用的手册、部分实际数据、案例报告等资料，并利用收集到的资料，对各典据数据项目1 ~ 4的情况进行比较，从各典据数据的不同点出发，整理了在汉字文化圈内共享中国人、团体作者名典据数据时需要解决的问题。【结果】1各机关所使用的汉字形式的文字种类参差不齐，2罗马字形式虽然全机关都采用汉语拼音，但汉语拼音的书写方法有差异。3汉字形的姓名的分享除日本以外几乎所有的机关都不进行，不过，很多机关在罗马形中使用kamma。4日本假名读形是必须的，在韩国，汉字的韩文读法韩文表记或汉语拼音的韩文读法韩文表记的事实已经明确，在汉语拼音的记述方法和异体字的处理等方面面临着挑战。Notes原著论文Genre Journal Article URLhttp://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=an0000 3152 -69 -19
{"title":"Differences in descriptions of Chinese personal and corporate name authority data","authors":"Maiko Kimura","doi":"10.46895/lis.69.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.69.19","url":null,"abstract":"Sub Title Differences in descriptions of Chinese personal and corporate name authority data : a comparison between China, Japan and South Korea Author 木村, 麻衣子(Kimura, Maiko) Publisher 三田図書館・情報学会 Publication year 2013 Jtitle Library and information science No.69 (2013. ) ,p.1946 Abstract 【目的】日本を含む漢字文化圏の国々では, 1 つの著者名に対して多様な表記が存 在する。欧米における著者名典拠データ共有の場面では, 漢字文化圏の表記の複雑さが理論的に反映されていないため, 漢字文化圏特有の事情をふまえた典拠情報の共有については, 漢字文化圏の中で詳細に検討すべきである。本研究の目的は, 中国人・団体著者名の中国, 日本, 韓国における表記を比較し, 相違点を発見して, 典拠データ共有のための課題を整理することである。 【方法】まず, 中国, 日本, 韓国における典拠コントロールの状況を概観し, 中国人 ・団体著者名典拠データ作成を行っている機関を研究対象として選出した。次に, 機関によって多様性があると考えられる表記上の項目として, 1漢字形の文字種, 2ローマ字形の種類と扱い, 3姓名の分かちとカンマの有無, 4中国以外の地域における現地語(カナヨミ, ハングルヨミ)表記の有無と方法, を設定した。そして, 研究対象とした各典拠データベース作成機関で中国人・団体 著者名典拠データを作成するために使用しているマニュアル, 実際のデータの一部, 事例報告等の資料を収集し, 収集した資料を用いて, 各典拠データの項目1から4の状況を比較し, 各典拠データの相違点から, 漢字文 化圏における中国人・団体著者名典拠データ共有に際しての課題を整理した。 【結果】1各機関が使用している漢字形の文字種にはばらつきがある, 2ローマ字形は全機関が漢語ピンインを採用しているが, 漢語ピンインの記述方法に相違点が見られる, 3漢字形の姓名の分かちは日本を除くほとんどの機関が行っていないが, 多くの機関がローマ字形にはカンマを使用している, 4日本ではカナヨミ形は必須, 韓国では漢字の韓国語読みハングル表記または漢語ピンインの韓国語読みハング ル表記が記述されていることが明らかとなり, 漢語ピンインの記述方法や異体字の扱いなどに課題が見られた。 Notes 原著論文 Genre Journal Article URL http://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=AN0000 3152-00000069-0019","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70641849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This research aimed to verify the feasibility and usefulness of measuring the amount of in-library use, in the context of two main ways of using public libraries: staying a long time to study and learn, or stopping by just to borrow or return books. The study also aimed to determine the significance of measuring the amount of in-library use for library management. Methods: Two types of survey were carried out: unobtrusive observation by staff tours of four public libraries, or questionnaires handed out to the users of those libraries on the same day as the observation. The purpose of both surveys was to estimate the whole time of in-library material use. The subjects were two prefectural and two municipal libraries in Japan which had different management and service policies. The analysis compared these two methods and examined the results in detail in terms of reliability and consistency, to validate such differences among public libraries. Results: Quantitative measurement of in-library material use is applicable to various management and research situations as follows: 1) The whole in-library materials use time varies greatly, and the time per visitor varies according to the libraries’ management and service policies. Therefore, these measures are able to reflect the quantity of materials used by library users visiting for selfstudy and/or self-learning. 2) These measures are a useful set of management tools because they reveal actual use by all library visitors. 3) Simulated observation by various time intervals shows that observation every hour is sufficient to estimate the whole in-library use time. This finding
{"title":"Feasibility of measuring the in-library material use and its applicability to public library management","authors":"M. Itoga, Y. Emoto, Hana Kwak","doi":"10.46895/lis.69.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.69.1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This research aimed to verify the feasibility and usefulness of measuring the amount of in-library use, in the context of two main ways of using public libraries: staying a long time to study and learn, or stopping by just to borrow or return books. The study also aimed to determine the significance of measuring the amount of in-library use for library management. Methods: Two types of survey were carried out: unobtrusive observation by staff tours of four public libraries, or questionnaires handed out to the users of those libraries on the same day as the observation. The purpose of both surveys was to estimate the whole time of in-library material use. The subjects were two prefectural and two municipal libraries in Japan which had different management and service policies. The analysis compared these two methods and examined the results in detail in terms of reliability and consistency, to validate such differences among public libraries. Results: Quantitative measurement of in-library material use is applicable to various management and research situations as follows: 1) The whole in-library materials use time varies greatly, and the time per visitor varies according to the libraries’ management and service policies. Therefore, these measures are able to reflect the quantity of materials used by library users visiting for selfstudy and/or self-learning. 2) These measures are a useful set of management tools because they reveal actual use by all library visitors. 3) Simulated observation by various time intervals shows that observation every hour is sufficient to estimate the whole in-library use time. This finding","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70641798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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