A newly developed composite material has been explored based on metal hydrides in combination with polymers enriched with highly porous carbon. As metal hydride, a RHC (reactive hydride composite) was chosen (e.g., MgH2 + 2 LiBH4). The hydride is infiltrated into the pores of the porous carbon suppressing the long-range phase separation of the two different hydrides by nano-confinement. The aim is to maintain fast kinetics and achieve cycle stability of the RHC (reactive hydride composite). The combination of RHC and porous carbon is then integrated into a polymer film to allow an easy and safe handling of the material. To produce a storage system out of such a film, the thin material is rolled in the same style like a rolled membrane module; i.e., it is rolled together with a thin spacer (e.g., steel mesh) allowing an easy hydrogen access to all parts of the membrane. The last step is the implementation of the rolled storage module into the tank shell. To analyze different design concepts and the behavior of this newly developed composite storage material, extensive FEM-simulations have been realized for different cooling structures. The latter is necessary to fulfil the thermodynamic requirements and to maximize the speed of hydrogen storage. Therefore, the temperature development within the storage during hydrogen feeding are investigated. Beside this, the hydrogen flow as well as the kinetics of the chemical reaction are analyzed. Based on such extensive simulations of different design concepts, the most promising overall storage systems are developed and systematically optimized. Finally, the total hydrogen content of the overall storage system is calculated and compared between different design concepts. Based on this, conclusions are drawn about robust criteria how to construct a cooling and heating device for this new storage material.
{"title":"Temperature distribution in a new composite material for hydrogen storage – Design study of different cooling concepts","authors":"Lars Baetcke, M. Kaltschmitt","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.8","url":null,"abstract":"A newly developed composite material has been explored based on metal hydrides in combination with polymers enriched with highly porous carbon. As metal hydride, a RHC (reactive hydride composite) was chosen (e.g., MgH2 + 2 LiBH4). The hydride is infiltrated into the pores of the porous carbon suppressing the long-range phase separation of the two different hydrides by nano-confinement. The aim is to maintain fast kinetics and achieve cycle stability of the RHC (reactive hydride composite). The combination of RHC and porous carbon is then integrated into a polymer film to allow an easy and safe handling of the material. To produce a storage system out of such a film, the thin material is rolled in the same style like a rolled membrane module; i.e., it is rolled together with a thin spacer (e.g., steel mesh) allowing an easy hydrogen access to all parts of the membrane. The last step is the implementation of the rolled storage module into the tank shell. To analyze different design concepts and the behavior of this newly developed composite storage material, extensive FEM-simulations have been realized for different cooling structures. The latter is necessary to fulfil the thermodynamic requirements and to maximize the speed of hydrogen storage. Therefore, the temperature development within the storage during hydrogen feeding are investigated. Beside this, the hydrogen flow as well as the kinetics of the chemical reaction are analyzed. Based on such extensive simulations of different design concepts, the most promising overall storage systems are developed and systematically optimized. Finally, the total hydrogen content of the overall storage system is calculated and compared between different design concepts. Based on this, conclusions are drawn about robust criteria how to construct a cooling and heating device for this new storage material.","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116147323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva Schischke, Annedore Kanngießer, Markus Hadam, M. Budt
In order to reduce the dependence on fuel imports as well as CO2-emissions, islands are switching from diesel to renewable generation. Energy storage systems are used to avoid curtailment of the renewable generation as well as to reduce cycling of the diesel generator. This paper evaluates the operation of a modular, low temperature adiabatic compressed air system (KompEx LTA-CAES ®) on El Hierro using mixedinteger linear programming. Optimal dimensions for charging power and storage capacity are determined and a sensitivity analysis concerning fuel prices and storage efficiency is presented. The economic situation is assessed for the KompEx LTA-CAES as well as for the existing pumped hydro storage.
{"title":"Techno-economic Evaluation Of A Modular Compressed Air Energy Storage To Support Integration Of Wind Generation On El Hierro","authors":"Eva Schischke, Annedore Kanngießer, Markus Hadam, M. Budt","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.1","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce the dependence on fuel imports as well as CO2-emissions, islands are switching from diesel to renewable generation. Energy storage systems are used to avoid curtailment of the renewable generation as well as to reduce cycling of the diesel generator. This paper evaluates the operation of a modular, low temperature adiabatic compressed air system (KompEx LTA-CAES ®) on El Hierro using mixedinteger linear programming. Optimal dimensions for charging power and storage capacity are determined and a sensitivity analysis concerning fuel prices and storage efficiency is presented. The economic situation is assessed for the KompEx LTA-CAES as well as for the existing pumped hydro storage.","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122890285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ortiz, Idar Petersen, R. Mikut, Henrik Landsverk, S. Simonsen
A change in the electricity consumption is taking place, where one of the main reasons is the large increase in Distributed Generation, as photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric batteries in the low voltage (LV) distribution grid. This could translate in specific cases into a situation of increased peak load and bigger voltage fluctuation. Therefore, an effective control of the grid voltage is necessary to achieve a stable energy supply from renewable sources. What services can a battery provide? The authors present an analysis of voltage control and other battery services in a LV grid. A flexible model based on Python is developed and used to solve a multi-period optimal power flow problem. They propose an optimised distributed voltage regulation. The power flow equations are linearised around a stable operation point, which allows high feasibility and computation speed. Then a receding horizon framework is described, including 24h and 1h updated forecasts. The analysis is performed on a LV network with large loads of a stadium, large PV generation (690kWp) and with a 1MWh battery. The new method provides an optimization of the grid operation (reduced voltage variation and cost of energy imported from the grid) under different seasonal weeks.
{"title":"Power Quality in Smart Distribution Systems with Electric Battery, Large Loads and PV Generation.","authors":"M. Ortiz, Idar Petersen, R. Mikut, Henrik Landsverk, S. Simonsen","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.13","url":null,"abstract":"A change in the electricity consumption is taking place, where one of the main reasons is the large increase in Distributed Generation, as photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric batteries in the low voltage (LV) distribution grid. This could translate in specific cases into a situation of increased peak load and bigger voltage fluctuation. Therefore, an effective control of the grid voltage is necessary to achieve a stable energy supply from renewable sources. What services can a battery provide? The authors present an analysis of voltage control and other battery services in a LV grid. A flexible model based on Python is developed and used to solve a multi-period optimal power flow problem. They propose an optimised distributed voltage regulation. The power flow equations are linearised around a stable operation point, which allows high feasibility and computation speed. Then a receding horizon framework is described, including 24h and 1h updated forecasts. The analysis is performed on a LV network with large loads of a stadium, large PV generation (690kWp) and with a 1MWh battery. The new method provides an optimization of the grid operation (reduced voltage variation and cost of energy imported from the grid) under different seasonal weeks.","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124547016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. F. Baba, A. A. Mers, H. Ajdad, Yaroslav Grosu, A. Faik
the present paper investigates the effect of thermal cycling on magnetite thermo physical characteristics particularly density, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity. The purpose was to evaluate the stability of the TESM and to emphasize its suitability for thermocline energy storage for medium temperature. Cycled magnetite was characterized and then compared to raw magnetite. Obtained results have shown that magnetite is a stable filler material, convenient for thermal energy storage. More important, thermal cycling impacts positively the studied material, it permits to get rid for the impurities present in the raw material. Furthermore, thermophysical properties of magnetite increase by applying thermal cycling. Keywords—magnetite; thermocline energy storage; thermal energy storage material; characterization; thermal cycling.
{"title":"Experimental Characterization of Magnetite Under Thermal Cycling For Thermocline Energy Storage","authors":"Y. F. Baba, A. A. Mers, H. Ajdad, Yaroslav Grosu, A. Faik","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"the present paper investigates the effect of thermal cycling on magnetite thermo physical characteristics particularly density, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity. The purpose was to evaluate the stability of the TESM and to emphasize its suitability for thermocline energy storage for medium temperature. Cycled magnetite was characterized and then compared to raw magnetite. Obtained results have shown that magnetite is a stable filler material, convenient for thermal energy storage. More important, thermal cycling impacts positively the studied material, it permits to get rid for the impurities present in the raw material. Furthermore, thermophysical properties of magnetite increase by applying thermal cycling. Keywords—magnetite; thermocline energy storage; thermal energy storage material; characterization; thermal cycling.","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129931123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Idlbi, D. Stakic, Matthias Casel, D. Graeber, G. Heilscher, Martin Fiedler
Many countries are experiencing rapidly increasing distributed generation (DG) of renewable energy sources (RES). Electricity self-consumption is currently replacing feed-in-tariffs (FIT) as one main driver of this development. A prosumer, who is a consumer and producer of energy through his own DG, like photovoltaic (PV), can save costs through the self-consumption of his PV energy. The attractiveness of this business case is mainly based on the decreasing levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of PV systems as well as the difference between the decreasing FIT and the increasing costs of electricity consumption from the public grid. Utilizing local energy storages like batteries or power-to-heat (PtH) can increase both self-consumption and earnings. Noticing this tendency, electricity suppliers and industrial manufacturers offer new business models, in which small local storages of prosumers can be substituted with district storages or even virtual storages. This contribution presents an economic comparison and grid impact analysis of different self-consumption business models (i.e. home storages, PtH, district storages, virtual storages), considering the perspectives of prosumers as well as electricity suppliers. For realistic results, assumptions have been made based on the data of a real grid area near the city of Ulm. The results show that home storages, district storages as well as PtH systems are currently significantly less profitable for prosumers compared to pure PV-systems, if only selfconsumption is targeted as a business case. District storages are not attractive as a business model as well, whereas cloud storages can yield a quite good return at least for the electricity suppliers. However, an analysis of a future scenario indicates a better economic potential for storage business models. The grid impact analysis demonstrates a possible reduction of load and voltage through storages. Yet, for an efficient use of storage systems in regard to the electricity grid, financial incentives are necessary to support a grid-friendly operation of storages. Keywords—Home Battery Storage, District Battery Storage, Power-to-Heat, Self-Consumption, Business Models, Grid Impact
{"title":"Business Models and Grid Impact of Energy Storages and Controllable Loads for PV-Self-Consumption at Prosumer Level","authors":"B. Idlbi, D. Stakic, Matthias Casel, D. Graeber, G. Heilscher, Martin Fiedler","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.3","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries are experiencing rapidly increasing distributed generation (DG) of renewable energy sources (RES). Electricity self-consumption is currently replacing feed-in-tariffs (FIT) as one main driver of this development. A prosumer, who is a consumer and producer of energy through his own DG, like photovoltaic (PV), can save costs through the self-consumption of his PV energy. The attractiveness of this business case is mainly based on the decreasing levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of PV systems as well as the difference between the decreasing FIT and the increasing costs of electricity consumption from the public grid. Utilizing local energy storages like batteries or power-to-heat (PtH) can increase both self-consumption and earnings. Noticing this tendency, electricity suppliers and industrial manufacturers offer new business models, in which small local storages of prosumers can be substituted with district storages or even virtual storages. This contribution presents an economic comparison and grid impact analysis of different self-consumption business models (i.e. home storages, PtH, district storages, virtual storages), considering the perspectives of prosumers as well as electricity suppliers. For realistic results, assumptions have been made based on the data of a real grid area near the city of Ulm. The results show that home storages, district storages as well as PtH systems are currently significantly less profitable for prosumers compared to pure PV-systems, if only selfconsumption is targeted as a business case. District storages are not attractive as a business model as well, whereas cloud storages can yield a quite good return at least for the electricity suppliers. However, an analysis of a future scenario indicates a better economic potential for storage business models. The grid impact analysis demonstrates a possible reduction of load and voltage through storages. Yet, for an efficient use of storage systems in regard to the electricity grid, financial incentives are necessary to support a grid-friendly operation of storages. Keywords—Home Battery Storage, District Battery Storage, Power-to-Heat, Self-Consumption, Business Models, Grid Impact","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127414231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Köhler, Franziska Pleißner, H. Francke, Jann Launer, Christoph Pels Leusden
The work analyses thermal and electrical solar cooling systems regarding the influence of energy storages using the open source tool open energy modelling framework (oemof). The systems are optimised with respect to lowest cost, considering various storage configurations and boundary conditions such as a required solar fraction. The results illustrate the importance of the different storage options on the size of the system components and the solar fraction. Optimal solar electrical cooling achieves solar fractions above 65%, optimal solar thermal cooling solar fractions above 87%, with a clear economic advantage for solar electrical cooling. Electrical energy storage suffers from high investment cost (compared to other storage options) and is not part of the cost optimal solutions. A sensitivity analysis shows, that even 50% decreased storage costs and increased electricity prices don’t allow a profitable use of large electrical storages. To increase the solar fraction of solar electrical cooling to more than 65 % it is mandatory to use electricity storage. For both concepts, higher than cost optimal solar fractions can be achieved by increasing the respective storage sizes. Solar fractions of up to 95% are still economically reasonable. However, solar fractions above 98% result in an extreme cost increase.
{"title":"Provision of cooling in Oman - a linear optimisation problem with special consideration of different storage options","authors":"S. Köhler, Franziska Pleißner, H. Francke, Jann Launer, Christoph Pels Leusden","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.21","url":null,"abstract":"The work analyses thermal and electrical solar cooling systems regarding the influence of energy storages using the open source tool open energy modelling framework (oemof). The systems are optimised with respect to lowest cost, considering various storage configurations and boundary conditions such as a required solar fraction. The results illustrate the importance of the different storage options on the size of the system components and the solar fraction. Optimal solar electrical cooling achieves solar fractions above 65%, optimal solar thermal cooling solar fractions above 87%, with a clear economic advantage for solar electrical cooling. Electrical energy storage suffers from high investment cost (compared to other storage options) and is not part of the cost optimal solutions. A sensitivity analysis shows, that even 50% decreased storage costs and increased electricity prices don’t allow a profitable use of large electrical storages. To increase the solar fraction of solar electrical cooling to more than 65 % it is mandatory to use electricity storage. For both concepts, higher than cost optimal solar fractions can be achieved by increasing the respective storage sizes. Solar fractions of up to 95% are still economically reasonable. However, solar fractions above 98% result in an extreme cost increase.","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"15 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133020961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Walter, M. Huber, M. Kueppers, A. Tremel, Stefan Becker
With continuously falling cost of renewable power generation and ambitious decarbonization targets, renewable sources are about to rival fossil fuels for energy supply. For a high share of fluctuating renewable generation, large-scale energy storage is likely to be required. In addition to selling electricity, the reliable supply of heat and cold is a further interesting revenue pool, which makes hybrid storage technologies an interesting option. The main feature of hybrid energy storage – as defined here is to offer charging and especially discharging in different forms of energy by combining different charging, discharging and storage devices. They can address various demands (e.g. electricity and cold) simultaneously. Two hybrid storages, pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) and power-to-heat-to-x (x: heat and/or electricity) energy storage (PHXES), are investigated based on a technoeconomic analysis within this work. Both hybrid storage technologies are charged with electricity and can supply heat and electricity during discharging. They are implemented into a simplified energy system model of a prototype city in the earth’s sunbelt in the year 2030 to find a cost-optimal configuration. Different cases are evaluated: a power-to-power case (P2P), where only an electric demand must be addressed and a power-topower-and-cooling (P2P&C) case, where the electric demand from the P2P case is divided into a residual electric demand and a cooling demand. For both cases, a natural gas-based benchmark scenario and a decarbonized, renewable-based scenario including the hybrid energy storage technologies are calculated. Both, total expenditures and CO2 emissions are lower in the P2P&C scenarios compared to P2P scenarios. PHXES plays a major role in both cases. PTES is part of the costoptimal solution in the P2P&C decarb scenario, only if its specific cost are further decreased. Keywords—Hybrid energy storage, Energy system modeling, Decarbonization
{"title":"Energy system design for deep decarbonization of a sunbelt city by using a hybrid storage approach","authors":"O. Walter, M. Huber, M. Kueppers, A. Tremel, Stefan Becker","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.23","url":null,"abstract":"With continuously falling cost of renewable power generation and ambitious decarbonization targets, renewable sources are about to rival fossil fuels for energy supply. For a high share of fluctuating renewable generation, large-scale energy storage is likely to be required. In addition to selling electricity, the reliable supply of heat and cold is a further interesting revenue pool, which makes hybrid storage technologies an interesting option. The main feature of hybrid energy storage – as defined here is to offer charging and especially discharging in different forms of energy by combining different charging, discharging and storage devices. They can address various demands (e.g. electricity and cold) simultaneously. Two hybrid storages, pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) and power-to-heat-to-x (x: heat and/or electricity) energy storage (PHXES), are investigated based on a technoeconomic analysis within this work. Both hybrid storage technologies are charged with electricity and can supply heat and electricity during discharging. They are implemented into a simplified energy system model of a prototype city in the earth’s sunbelt in the year 2030 to find a cost-optimal configuration. Different cases are evaluated: a power-to-power case (P2P), where only an electric demand must be addressed and a power-topower-and-cooling (P2P&C) case, where the electric demand from the P2P case is divided into a residual electric demand and a cooling demand. For both cases, a natural gas-based benchmark scenario and a decarbonized, renewable-based scenario including the hybrid energy storage technologies are calculated. Both, total expenditures and CO2 emissions are lower in the P2P&C scenarios compared to P2P scenarios. PHXES plays a major role in both cases. PTES is part of the costoptimal solution in the P2P&C decarb scenario, only if its specific cost are further decreased. Keywords—Hybrid energy storage, Energy system modeling, Decarbonization","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133122202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Lust, Paul Rößner, Marcus Brennenstuhl, E. Klemm, B. Plietker, U. Eicker
High fluctuations of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy, require storage capacity to maintain supply reliability. For long term storage energy carriers to substitute fossil fuels must be found. The reduction of carbon dioxide to liquid substances such as formic acid or formate with electrons from renewable energy sources seem to be a promising approach. This paper tries to find answers for the following question: Under which conditions is it possible to use electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to formate as urban seasonal energy storage?
{"title":"Decentralized city district hydrogen storage system based on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate","authors":"D. Lust, Paul Rößner, Marcus Brennenstuhl, E. Klemm, B. Plietker, U. Eicker","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.17","url":null,"abstract":"High fluctuations of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy, require storage capacity to maintain supply reliability. For long term storage energy carriers to substitute fossil fuels must be found. The reduction of carbon dioxide to liquid substances such as formic acid or formate with electrons from renewable energy sources seem to be a promising approach. This paper tries to find answers for the following question: Under which conditions is it possible to use electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to formate as urban seasonal energy storage?","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123922134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An extended CHP system in a characteristic future market situation with a share of 50% electric energy provided by renewable energy sources is analysed using the open energy modelling framework oemof. Cost-optimal plant configurations are computed based upon assumptions for investments costs and energy prices. The results show that thermal storages are always integrated in the optimum plant layout with little sensitivity to all assumptions. A storage for electrical energy is only considered if sufficiently high price periods occur in the electric energy market. This result is highly sensitive to assumptions regarding storage cost and energy prices. The model is made available open-source for further use.
{"title":"Optimization of Extended CHP Plants with Energy Storages — an Open-Source Approach","authors":"Jakob Wolf, C. P. Leusden, S. Köhler, Jann Launer","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.18","url":null,"abstract":"An extended CHP system in a characteristic future market situation with a share of 50% electric energy provided by renewable energy sources is analysed using the open energy modelling framework oemof. Cost-optimal plant configurations are computed based upon assumptions for investments costs and energy prices. The results show that thermal storages are always integrated in the optimum plant layout with little sensitivity to all assumptions. A storage for electrical energy is only considered if sufficiently high price periods occur in the electric energy market. This result is highly sensitive to assumptions regarding storage cost and energy prices. The model is made available open-source for further use.","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129720184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. F. Baba, A. A. Mers, H. Ajdad, Yaroslav Grosu, A. Faik
this paper pinpoints the thermal energy storage performances of two TESM, quartzite as classic thermal energy storage material commonly used in CSP and magnetite as emerged thermal energy storage filler material. The TES performances included charge, discharge and cycle efficiencies (utilization rate). In the first place, the developed numerical code for thermocline energy storage is presented and validated. Subsequently, and for both filler materials, the thermocline behavior and TES performances during charging and discharging process are examined. These performances are investigated for two potential scenarios: the first one considers the same storage tank size and the same discharge period. While, the second one, concerned sized storage tank for each combination HTF/TESM. Different heat transfer fluids are utilized involving natural oils, synthetic oils and molten salt. The obtained results showed that no significant difference of the zone thickness between the two materials. Moreover, we noted that quartzite presents slightly higher charge discharge and storage efficiencies. However, magnetite, for the same storage tank size and the same discharge time, magnetite is able to restore a great amount of energy. Furthermore, magnetite requires less storage tank volume. More important, we deduced that the TES performances are not impacted only by the TESM properties but they are also driven by the HTF nature and that molten salts are largely more efficient. Keywords—thermocline energy storage; TESM; HTF; magnetite; quartzite; thermocline behavior; charge efficiency; discharge efficiency; storage efficiency.
{"title":"Numerical Assessement of Energy Storage Performances of Magnetite and Quartzite for CSP Storage Applications","authors":"Y. F. Baba, A. A. Mers, H. Ajdad, Yaroslav Grosu, A. Faik","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.9","url":null,"abstract":"this paper pinpoints the thermal energy storage performances of two TESM, quartzite as classic thermal energy storage material commonly used in CSP and magnetite as emerged thermal energy storage filler material. The TES performances included charge, discharge and cycle efficiencies (utilization rate). In the first place, the developed numerical code for thermocline energy storage is presented and validated. Subsequently, and for both filler materials, the thermocline behavior and TES performances during charging and discharging process are examined. These performances are investigated for two potential scenarios: the first one considers the same storage tank size and the same discharge period. While, the second one, concerned sized storage tank for each combination HTF/TESM. Different heat transfer fluids are utilized involving natural oils, synthetic oils and molten salt. The obtained results showed that no significant difference of the zone thickness between the two materials. Moreover, we noted that quartzite presents slightly higher charge discharge and storage efficiencies. However, magnetite, for the same storage tank size and the same discharge time, magnetite is able to restore a great amount of energy. Furthermore, magnetite requires less storage tank volume. More important, we deduced that the TES performances are not impacted only by the TESM properties but they are also driven by the HTF nature and that molten salts are largely more efficient. Keywords—thermocline energy storage; TESM; HTF; magnetite; quartzite; thermocline behavior; charge efficiency; discharge efficiency; storage efficiency.","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124744505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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