— One way to enhance the penetration of renewable energies in residential homes is to use renewables in the heating sector. Integrated homes combine PV battery storage systems with heat pumps to use PV-generated energy for heating. During winter, storage systems and especially batteries in an integrated home are not used to their full capacity due to low solar radiation. This potential can be used to enhance the economics of integrated homes by applying a second use scheme. Second use describes the value stacking of home storage operation and participation on reserve markets, as it is the case for this publication. In Germany, markets for primary and secondary control reserve are the most promising for integrated homes. An advantage of integrated homes with power-to-heat coupling in comparison to standalone battery storage system is the additional flexibility to absorb negative control reserve power provided by the heating sector. This allows an extension of the operating limits of a power-to-heat coupled battery. Advantages of integrated homes in comparison to stand-alone battery systems are investigated. Results show that a dual-use operation with participation on the control reserve market can increase profitability of residential storage systems. The economics of the market participation are highly sensitive to numerous factors. Participating on the negative secondary control reserve market can lead to reduced annual cost up to 14.5 % in the investigated scenario. These savings are mainly driven by free-of-charge energy. If a system participates on the primary control reserve market, savings are mainly driven by additional revenues from market remuneration. Annual cost reductions up to 12.5 % are possible. Savings include costs for communication. Costs for market access are not minded.
{"title":"Participating in the control reserve market with PV battery energy storage systems and power-to-heat application","authors":"Georg Angenendt, Sebastian Zurmühlen, D. Sauer","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.6","url":null,"abstract":"— One way to enhance the penetration of renewable energies in residential homes is to use renewables in the heating sector. Integrated homes combine PV battery storage systems with heat pumps to use PV-generated energy for heating. During winter, storage systems and especially batteries in an integrated home are not used to their full capacity due to low solar radiation. This potential can be used to enhance the economics of integrated homes by applying a second use scheme. Second use describes the value stacking of home storage operation and participation on reserve markets, as it is the case for this publication. In Germany, markets for primary and secondary control reserve are the most promising for integrated homes. An advantage of integrated homes with power-to-heat coupling in comparison to standalone battery storage system is the additional flexibility to absorb negative control reserve power provided by the heating sector. This allows an extension of the operating limits of a power-to-heat coupled battery. Advantages of integrated homes in comparison to stand-alone battery systems are investigated. Results show that a dual-use operation with participation on the control reserve market can increase profitability of residential storage systems. The economics of the market participation are highly sensitive to numerous factors. Participating on the negative secondary control reserve market can lead to reduced annual cost up to 14.5 % in the investigated scenario. These savings are mainly driven by free-of-charge energy. If a system participates on the primary control reserve market, savings are mainly driven by additional revenues from market remuneration. Annual cost reductions up to 12.5 % are possible. Savings include costs for communication. Costs for market access are not minded.","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133960087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of power from wind power plants (WPPs) has increased in recent years, and the power from WPPs can be traded in electricity markets. Operators of WPPs need to determine bid volume before the power is supplied to the electricity market. The bid volume can be determined based on the power forecast data; however, uncertainty in the power can lead to imbalance between the bid volume and the actual output from WPPs. Using an energy storage system (ESS) is an effective solution, but the state-of-charge (SOC) should be maintained at an appropriate value to effectively use the ESS. Bids often include the energy required for SOC maintenance. However, imbalance can occur if the energy equals the ESS rated power under uncertainty because the ESS cannot use more power than the rated power. Therefore, the control of the energy required for SOC maintenance should be discussed. In this paper, we propose a bid determination method using a prediction interval to reduce imbalance by controlling the energy required for SOC maintenance. Wind farms with a compressed air energy storage system are considered, and numerical simulations are performed. As a result, our proposed method with the prediction interval can reduce the degree of imbalance in comparison with methods without the prediction interval. Keywords—bid determination, electricity market, energy storage system, prediction interval, wind power
{"title":"Bid Determination Method for an Electricity Market with State-of-Charge Maintenance of a Compressed Air Energy Storage System Using the Prediction Interval of Wind Power Output","authors":"Aki Kikuchi, Masakazu Ito, Y. Hayashi","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.22","url":null,"abstract":"The use of power from wind power plants (WPPs) has increased in recent years, and the power from WPPs can be traded in electricity markets. Operators of WPPs need to determine bid volume before the power is supplied to the electricity market. The bid volume can be determined based on the power forecast data; however, uncertainty in the power can lead to imbalance between the bid volume and the actual output from WPPs. Using an energy storage system (ESS) is an effective solution, but the state-of-charge (SOC) should be maintained at an appropriate value to effectively use the ESS. Bids often include the energy required for SOC maintenance. However, imbalance can occur if the energy equals the ESS rated power under uncertainty because the ESS cannot use more power than the rated power. Therefore, the control of the energy required for SOC maintenance should be discussed. In this paper, we propose a bid determination method using a prediction interval to reduce imbalance by controlling the energy required for SOC maintenance. Wind farms with a compressed air energy storage system are considered, and numerical simulations are performed. As a result, our proposed method with the prediction interval can reduce the degree of imbalance in comparison with methods without the prediction interval. Keywords—bid determination, electricity market, energy storage system, prediction interval, wind power","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"53 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130341360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Waffenschmidt, Till Paulzen, Alexander Stankiewicz
—In this publication the technical benefits of a mutual battery storage compared to a solution with three individual battery storages is investigated. This has been done in the context of the EU funded project “GrowSmarter” in collaboration with Rheinenergie in the living area Stegerwaldsiedlung in Cologne. In the project area each of the three buildings has its own battery storage (size varies by building). This publication investigates the options for 3 buildings connected by a private residential grid instead of a public grid, with a central battery storage and the chance of energy self-consumption. This part consists of 3 houses with 167 apartments arranged around a common yard. The roofs are covered with photovoltaic modules with an installed power of 202,5 kWp. For this area Li-Ion batteries are installed in separate containers. They have a combined capacity of 200 kWh (130, 60 and 10 kWh) with varying maximum power (30, 20 and 5 kW). It is primarily used to optimize the use of the PV power. As a result, the grade of autarky can be improved from 41 % to 45% by use of a common battery storage.
{"title":"Common battery storage for an area with residential houses","authors":"E. Waffenschmidt, Till Paulzen, Alexander Stankiewicz","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.2","url":null,"abstract":"—In this publication the technical benefits of a mutual battery storage compared to a solution with three individual battery storages is investigated. This has been done in the context of the EU funded project “GrowSmarter” in collaboration with Rheinenergie in the living area Stegerwaldsiedlung in Cologne. In the project area each of the three buildings has its own battery storage (size varies by building). This publication investigates the options for 3 buildings connected by a private residential grid instead of a public grid, with a central battery storage and the chance of energy self-consumption. This part consists of 3 houses with 167 apartments arranged around a common yard. The roofs are covered with photovoltaic modules with an installed power of 202,5 kWp. For this area Li-Ion batteries are installed in separate containers. They have a combined capacity of 200 kWh (130, 60 and 10 kWh) with varying maximum power (30, 20 and 5 kW). It is primarily used to optimize the use of the PV power. As a result, the grade of autarky can be improved from 41 % to 45% by use of a common battery storage.","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130806210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Stenzel, Nils Heyermann, Maren Wenzel, P. Markewitz, M. Robinius, Rolf Albus, K. Görner, D. Stolten
— In this the performance of battery storage systems in combination with micro combined and power (CHP) systems are systematically by simulations for the of in various As for The of the on and on hand. results shows results shows with
{"title":"A Techno-Economic Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Combination with Micro CHP Systems for Single-Family Houses","authors":"P. Stenzel, Nils Heyermann, Maren Wenzel, P. Markewitz, M. Robinius, Rolf Albus, K. Görner, D. Stolten","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.24","url":null,"abstract":"— In this the performance of battery storage systems in combination with micro combined and power (CHP) systems are systematically by simulations for the of in various As for The of the on and on hand. results shows results shows with","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"66 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115717346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Battery electric storage systems (BESS) are characterised by their fast ramping, pumped-storage plants (PSP) by their relatively larger storage capacity. In this paper the pooling of PSP (with ternary set) and BESS for the common provision of frequency containment reserve (FCR, primary reserve) is analysed. For this, different joint operation modes have been studied and their power output and energy flows have been simulated on a second-wise resolution. It is shown how common FCR provisioning and volatility reduction in PSP by pooling with BESS is possible. The main benefit of volatility reduction is the lifetime extension of wearing parts in the PSP. It could be shown, that a PSP and BESS aggregate operated in dual mode to provide FCR and volatility reduction at once is more profitable compared to respective individual stand-alone PSP and BESS FCR provisioning. Keywords—pumped-storage, hydro power, ternary set, battery, BESS, cycle lifetime, pooling, frequency containment reserve, primary reserve, frequency response
{"title":"Batteries and pumped-hydro: Pooling for synergies in the frequency response provisioning","authors":"Louis Bahner, Achim Schreider, R. Bucher","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.14","url":null,"abstract":"Battery electric storage systems (BESS) are characterised by their fast ramping, pumped-storage plants (PSP) by their relatively larger storage capacity. In this paper the pooling of PSP (with ternary set) and BESS for the common provision of frequency containment reserve (FCR, primary reserve) is analysed. For this, different joint operation modes have been studied and their power output and energy flows have been simulated on a second-wise resolution. It is shown how common FCR provisioning and volatility reduction in PSP by pooling with BESS is possible. The main benefit of volatility reduction is the lifetime extension of wearing parts in the PSP. It could be shown, that a PSP and BESS aggregate operated in dual mode to provide FCR and volatility reduction at once is more profitable compared to respective individual stand-alone PSP and BESS FCR provisioning. Keywords—pumped-storage, hydro power, ternary set, battery, BESS, cycle lifetime, pooling, frequency containment reserve, primary reserve, frequency response","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128328776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Kemmler, Rainer Maier, C. Widmann, B. Thomas
The coupling of the heat and power sector is required as supply and demand in the German electricity mix drift further and further apart with a high percentage of renewable energy. Heat pumps in combination with thermal energy storage systems can be a useful way to couple the heat and power sectors. This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop test bench for experimental investigation of optimized control strategies for heat pumps. 24-hour experiments are carried out to test whether the heat pump is able to serve optimized schedules generated by a MATLAB algorithm. The results show that the heat pump is capable of following the generated schedules, and the maximum deviation of the operational time between schedule and experiment is only 3%. Additionally, the system can serve the demand for space heating and DHW at any time. Keywords—Heat pump, Energy management, SG ready, Thermal energy storage, Control strategy, Optimization, hardware-in-the-loop
{"title":"Using a Thermal Energy Storage to Provide Flexibility for Heat Pump Optimization Control with Rapid Control Prototyping and SG Ready Standard","authors":"Thomas Kemmler, Rainer Maier, C. Widmann, B. Thomas","doi":"10.2991/ires-19.2019.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ires-19.2019.16","url":null,"abstract":"The coupling of the heat and power sector is required as supply and demand in the German electricity mix drift further and further apart with a high percentage of renewable energy. Heat pumps in combination with thermal energy storage systems can be a useful way to couple the heat and power sectors. This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop test bench for experimental investigation of optimized control strategies for heat pumps. 24-hour experiments are carried out to test whether the heat pump is able to serve optimized schedules generated by a MATLAB algorithm. The results show that the heat pump is capable of following the generated schedules, and the maximum deviation of the operational time between schedule and experiment is only 3%. Additionally, the system can serve the demand for space heating and DHW at any time. Keywords—Heat pump, Energy management, SG ready, Thermal energy storage, Control strategy, Optimization, hardware-in-the-loop","PeriodicalId":424726,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2019 (IRES 2019)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130205886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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