Hobbes Studies最新文献

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Hobbes Reenvisions Hebraic and Christian History 霍布斯重新展望希伯来和基督教历史

IF 1.2 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.1163/18750257-bja10037

Mary Nyquist

In this essay, I examine Hobbes’s interpretation of Scriptural passages that figure prominently in contemporaneous political debates. Hobbes’s interpretative practices affirm his major systematic aims but also contribute to his inventive reenvisioning of Hebraic and Christian political history. The privileged position Hobbes gives Hebraic forms of rule together with his treatment of I Samuel 8 are motivated, in part, by a need to counter Aristotle’s influence on an exegetical tradition that opposes monarchy-as-tyranny in connection with this central, much-debated text. Hobbes conjoins his counter-revolutionary interpretation of 1 Samuel 8 with specific passages in the Christian New Testament that permit him to insert Jesus as “king of the Jews” into a startlingly unique conception of Hebraic and Christian history. This revisionary history and eschatology support Hobbes’s theorization of absolute sovereignty and undercut fantastical beliefs in an immaterial world.

在这篇文章中，我考察了霍布斯对圣经段落的解释，这些段落在同时代的政治辩论中占有突出地位。霍布斯的解释实践肯定了他的主要系统目标，但也有助于他创造性地重新审视希伯来语和基督教政治史。霍布斯给予希伯来人统治形式的特权地位，以及他对《撒母耳记》第八章的处理，部分原因是需要对抗亚里士多德对一种训诫传统的影响，这种传统反对君主制是与这篇备受争议的核心文本相关的暴政。霍布斯将他对撒母耳8章反革命的解释与基督教新约中的特定段落结合在一起，这些段落允许他将耶稣作为“犹太人之王”插入希伯来语和基督教历史的一个惊人的独特概念中。这种修正主义历史和末世论支持霍布斯关于绝对主权的理论，并削弱了非物质世界中的幻想信仰。

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Hobbes’s Theory of Responsibility as Support for Sommerville’s Argument Against Hobbes’s Approval of Independency 霍布斯的责任论对萨默维尔反对霍布斯赞同独立论的支持

IF 1.2 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.1163/18750257-bja10039

S. Lloyd

Just as some types of philosophical analysis are more useful than others to historians or political scientists, so, I find, are some sorts of historical research more useful to philosophers than are other sorts. Sommerville makes history useful to non-historians by clarifying the large-scale historical background against which his investigative questions are posed, and then separating out crucial figures, ideas, and events from arcana of interest primarily to specialist historians. His interpretations are relatively neutral, striking a welcome balance between mere reporting of events or textual ideas on the one hand, and on the other, accounts so theoretically laden that they prejudge or foreclose promising interpretive possibilities.

正如某些类型的哲学分析对历史学家或政治学家来说比其他类型的更有用一样，我发现，某些类型的历史研究对哲学家来说比其他类型的更有用。萨默维尔澄清了他的调查问题所依据的大范围历史背景，然后将关键人物、思想和事件从主要是专业历史学家感兴趣的神秘事物中分离出来，从而使历史对非历史学家有用。他的解释是相对中立的，一方面是单纯的事件报道或文本思想，另一方面是理论上的叙述，它们预先判断或排除了有希望的解释可能性，在这两者之间取得了令人欢迎的平衡。

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Catanzaro, Andrea. Politics through the Iliad and the Odyssey: Hobbes Writes Homer 安德里亚，卡坦扎罗。从《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》看政治：霍布斯写荷马

IF 1.2 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1163/18750257-bja10044

L. Iori

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The Elements of Law: Manuscripts and the Short Parliament 法律要素：手稿与短期议会

IF 1.2 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1163/18750257-bja10045

J. Sommerville

There are eleven known manuscripts of Hobbes’s Elements of Law. As they divide on textual grounds into two groups, they are effectively two separate editions, employing two different texts. While two of the manuscripts apparently were Hobbes’s working copies, it also seems clear that he never definitively established the text of the Elements. There are reasons for thinking it unlikely that, as has been suggested, Hobbes intended the work to influence debate in the Short Parliament. More likely, he hoped his patron, Newcastle, would transmit his principles to the monarch and his chief advisors.

已知的霍布斯的《法律要素》手稿有十一份。由于它们在文本上分为两组，因此实际上是两个独立的版本，采用了两种不同的文本。虽然其中两份手稿显然是霍布斯的工作副本，但很明显，他从未明确确定《元素》的文本。有理由认为，正如人们所说，霍布斯不太可能有意影响短期议会的辩论。更有可能的是，他希望他的赞助人纽卡斯尔将他的原则传达给君主和他的首席顾问。

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Guest Editors’ Introduction 特邀编辑介绍

IF 1.2 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1163/18750257-bja10042

Daniel J. Kapust, Brandon P. Turner

Hobbes Studies presents a special issue dedicated to the career and work of Professor Johann Sommerville on the occasion of his retirement. This introduction provides a brief overview of Sommerville’s professional achievements and the major themes of his scholarly work over the past forty years. It closes with a very brief summary of the contributions made in his honor.

《霍布斯研究》在约翰·索默维尔教授退休之际推出了一期特刊，专门介绍他的职业生涯和工作。引言简要介绍了Sommerville四十年来的专业成就和学术工作的主要主题。最后简要总结了为纪念他所作的贡献。

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‘The History of Political Thought Above All’ “政治思想史高于一切”

IF 1.2 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/18750257-bja10038

C. Cuttica

Well-known for his work on absolutism, divine right theory, and his contextual reading of Hobbes’ ideas, Sommerville also published successful critical editions of Sir Robert Filmer and King James vi and I’s political writing. Sommerville’s engagement in key historiographical debates on early- modern British history, involving “opposing camps” of revisionists and post-revisionists, is less explored. Here, I focus on the question whether pre-Civil War England was immune to ideological conflict or, instead, featured a confrontation between King and Parliament based on ideas of power, liberty and obedience. I also highlight the continued relevance of Sommerville’s innovative account of English political thought as deeply shaped by European theories. His work reminds us of the role of the history of political thought in rectifying false claims and unchecked opinions, so commonly expounded in our divided world. In conclusion, I advance my own critical interpretation of Sommerville’s views on absolutism and patriarchalism.

索默维尔以其关于专制主义、神权理论和对霍布斯思想的语境解读而闻名，他还出版了罗伯特·菲尔默爵士和詹姆斯六世国王的政治写作的成功评论版。索默维尔参与了关于英国近代早期历史的关键史学辩论，涉及修正主义者和后修正主义主义者的“对立阵营”，这一点很少被探讨。在这里，我关注的问题是，内战前的英格兰是否不受意识形态冲突的影响，或者，取而代之的是，国王和议会之间基于权力、自由和服从理念的对抗。我还强调了索默维尔对深受欧洲理论影响的英国政治思想的创新描述的持续相关性。他的作品提醒我们，政治思想史在纠正虚假主张和不受约束的意见方面的作用，在我们这个分裂的世界里，这种说法很常见。最后，我对索默维尔的专制主义和父权主义观点提出了自己的批判性解读。

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Ideological Context and the Study of Political Theory 思想语境与政治理论研究

IF 1.2 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/18750257-bja10041

Xinzhi Zhao

This paper recounts my encounter with the ideological context of Hobbes’s system as a graduate student in political theory through the teaching and scholarship of Professor Johann Sommerville. This encounter made me recognize that political theorists should study not only systems of political philosophy but also their ideological contexts, whose primary components are not “languages” but ideas and arguments deployed in debates concerning issues of political legitimacy of a particular time. Specifically, I realized that incorporating ideological contexts into the study of political theory could render the quest for legitimate political orders in different ages and cultures accessible to modern readers of diverse backgrounds, enable a more accurate grasp of the originality of a philosophical system, and uncover new resources for political theorizing.

本文讲述了我在政治理论研究生期间，通过约翰·索默维尔教授的教学和学术，与霍布斯体系的意识形态背景的相遇。这次会面让我认识到，政治理论家不仅应该研究政治哲学体系，还应该研究它们的意识形态背景，其主要组成部分不是“语言”，而是在关于特定时代政治合法性问题的辩论中使用的思想和论点。具体而言，我意识到，将意识形态语境纳入政治理论研究，可以使不同背景的现代读者能够理解不同时代和文化中对合法政治秩序的追求，能够更准确地把握哲学体系的独创性，并为政治理论挖掘新的资源。

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Hackenbracht, Ryan. National Reckonings: The Last Judgment and Literature in Milton’s England Hackenbracht,瑞安。国家清算:弥尔顿时代英国的最后审判与文学

IF 1.2 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/18750257-bja10043

Victor Lenthe

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Automated semantic relevance as an indicator of cognitive decline: Out-of-sample validation on a large-scale longitudinal dataset. 作为认知能力下降指标的自动语义相关性：大规模纵向数据集的样本外验证。

IF 4 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2022-02-23 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12294

Gabriela Stegmann, Shira Hahn, Samarth Bhandari, Kan Kawabata, Jeremy Shefner, Cayla Jessica Duncan, Julie Liss, Visar Berisha, Kimberly Mueller

We developed and evaluated an automatically extracted measure of cognition (semantic relevance) using automated and manual transcripts of audio recordings from healthy and cognitively impaired participants describing the Cookie Theft picture from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. We describe the rationale and metric validation. We developed the measure on one dataset and evaluated it on a large database (>2000 samples) by comparing accuracy against a manually calculated metric and evaluating its clinical relevance. The fully automated measure was accurate (r = .84), had moderate to good reliability (intra-class correlation = .73), correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination and improved the fit in the context of other automatic language features (r = .65), and longitudinally declined with age and level of cognitive impairment. This study demonstrates the use of a rigorous analytical and clinical framework for validating automatic measures of speech, and applied it to a measure that is accurate and clinically relevant.

我们开发并评估了一种自动提取的认知（语义相关性）测量方法，该方法使用的是健康和认知障碍参与者描述波士顿诊断性失语症检查中库克盗窃图片的自动和手动录音记录。我们介绍了该方法的原理和度量验证。我们在一个数据集上开发了该测量方法，并在一个大型数据库（>2000 个样本）上对其进行了评估，比较了其与人工计算公式的准确性，并评估了其临床相关性。该全自动测量方法准确度高（r = .84），具有中等至良好的可靠性（类内相关性 = .73），与迷你精神状态检查（Mini-Mental State Examination）相关，在其他自动语言特征的背景下提高了拟合度（r = .65），并且随着年龄和认知障碍程度的增加而纵向下降。这项研究展示了如何使用严格的分析和临床框架来验证自动语言测量，并将其应用于准确且与临床相关的测量。

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IF 1.2 0 PHILOSOPHY

Hobbes Studies

Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1163/18750257-bja10040

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