Abstract:This article focuses on Jewish women's experiences of the amen meal ritual. The central intention of this meal is to achieve many recitations of the word "amen" in response to benedictions recited for different sorts of food. The women's voices and experiences, reflected in in-depth interviews with participants and participant observations, facilitate our understanding and conceptions of how some contemporary Jewish women experience lived religion. The amen meal experience is characterized by continuity, relationships and activeness, and it creates a safe place for Jewish women to develop their self-and communal-religious identities. The multiplicity of independent and united communities of women helps them connect to themselves, their community and their identity as Jewish women, and it gives them a sense of empowerment.
{"title":"The Amen Meal: Jewish Women Experience Lived Religion through a New Ritual","authors":"Rivka Neriya-Ben Shahar","doi":"10.2979/NASHIM.33.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NASHIM.33.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article focuses on Jewish women's experiences of the amen meal ritual. The central intention of this meal is to achieve many recitations of the word \"amen\" in response to benedictions recited for different sorts of food. The women's voices and experiences, reflected in in-depth interviews with participants and participant observations, facilitate our understanding and conceptions of how some contemporary Jewish women experience lived religion. The amen meal experience is characterized by continuity, relationships and activeness, and it creates a safe place for Jewish women to develop their self-and communal-religious identities. The multiplicity of independent and united communities of women helps them connect to themselves, their community and their identity as Jewish women, and it gives them a sense of empowerment.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"20 1","pages":"158 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91278501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 1990s, with the blooming of feminist scholarship, the Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies in Jerusalem and what is now the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute (then the International Research Institute on Jewish Women) at Brandeis University more or less simultaneously pioneered programs in Jewish women’s studies: IRIJW with its research program, and Schechter with the world’s first-ever MA program in the field, which inspired the founding of Nashim. With the preparation of the first issue already in the works, we heard that Shulamit Reinharz was in town, and it seemed natural to extend a hand to her with an offer for IRIJW, the institute she had just co-founded, to partner with us in the new journal. Shula responded with characteristic enthusiasm, and so was born the partnership that has yielded, to date, 32 issues of Nashim. Shula immediately “got” what we were trying to do, including the partnering of women’s studies and feminist art that, at the suggestion of Alice Shalvi and under the guidance of Art Editor Judith Margolis, has distinguished every issue of Nashim. Over the years, Shula’s enthusiasm for Nashim has never flagged, as, with her usual warmth, she urges on the editorial office on the Schechter side, often coming up with new ideas for themes based on HBI’s activities. When we heard that Shula was retiring as Co-Director of HBI, it again seemed natural to dedicate an issue of Nashim to her for the occasion, and to invite her fellow Co-Director, Sylvia Barack Fishman, to serve as its consulting editor. The response of her colleagues and of the numerous younger scholars whose careers she has furthered was so overwhelming that the Festschrift issue has burgeoned into three. It is a pleasure and a privilege, Shula, to dedicate issues 32, 33 and 34 of Nashim to you upon your retirement. We look forward to working together for many more years.
{"title":"To Shulamit Reinharz","authors":"Renée Levine Melammed, Deborah Greniman","doi":"10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1990s, with the blooming of feminist scholarship, the Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies in Jerusalem and what is now the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute (then the International Research Institute on Jewish Women) at Brandeis University more or less simultaneously pioneered programs in Jewish women’s studies: IRIJW with its research program, and Schechter with the world’s first-ever MA program in the field, which inspired the founding of Nashim. With the preparation of the first issue already in the works, we heard that Shulamit Reinharz was in town, and it seemed natural to extend a hand to her with an offer for IRIJW, the institute she had just co-founded, to partner with us in the new journal. Shula responded with characteristic enthusiasm, and so was born the partnership that has yielded, to date, 32 issues of Nashim. Shula immediately “got” what we were trying to do, including the partnering of women’s studies and feminist art that, at the suggestion of Alice Shalvi and under the guidance of Art Editor Judith Margolis, has distinguished every issue of Nashim. Over the years, Shula’s enthusiasm for Nashim has never flagged, as, with her usual warmth, she urges on the editorial office on the Schechter side, often coming up with new ideas for themes based on HBI’s activities. When we heard that Shula was retiring as Co-Director of HBI, it again seemed natural to dedicate an issue of Nashim to her for the occasion, and to invite her fellow Co-Director, Sylvia Barack Fishman, to serve as its consulting editor. The response of her colleagues and of the numerous younger scholars whose careers she has furthered was so overwhelming that the Festschrift issue has burgeoned into three. It is a pleasure and a privilege, Shula, to dedicate issues 32, 33 and 34 of Nashim to you upon your retirement. We look forward to working together for many more years.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"1 1","pages":"7 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82330211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Cora Wilburn (1824–1906), who immigrated to the U.S. in 1848 under the name Henretty [Henrietta] Jackson, penned unforgettable portraits of being poor, Jewish and a woman in America. Her writings, especially her autobiographical novel Cosella Wayne, published serially in 1860, help fill a large void both in American Jewish women’s history and in the history of Central European Jews in America. Wilburn gave voice to the poor, allowing us to see class relations among Jewish women through the eyes of the usually mute women of the laboring classes. Her writings offer a vivid portrait of mid-nineteenth-century female Jewish poverty. She was also one of a comparatively small number of Jews to identify for a time with the Spiritualist movement in America. Spiritualism, in her view, was a pantheistic faith that championed freedom, equality and justice; emphasized reason, justice, health and purity; and held to “no Church, no Bible, no priestly expounder, and no creed.” She brought these values into Progressive Judaism, to which she returned in 1869. No statistics exist concerning the extent of female Jewish poverty during Wilburn’s lifetime, but it is safe to assume that orphans, immigrants and the unmarried— Wilburn was all three—were particularly vulnerable. Through her writings, that vulnerable population found both a chronicler and a champion.
{"title":"Jewish Women without Money: The Case of Cora Wilburn (1824–1906)","authors":"J. Sarna","doi":"10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Cora Wilburn (1824–1906), who immigrated to the U.S. in 1848 under the name Henretty [Henrietta] Jackson, penned unforgettable portraits of being poor, Jewish and a woman in America. Her writings, especially her autobiographical novel Cosella Wayne, published serially in 1860, help fill a large void both in American Jewish women’s history and in the history of Central European Jews in America. Wilburn gave voice to the poor, allowing us to see class relations among Jewish women through the eyes of the usually mute women of the laboring classes. Her writings offer a vivid portrait of mid-nineteenth-century female Jewish poverty. She was also one of a comparatively small number of Jews to identify for a time with the Spiritualist movement in America. Spiritualism, in her view, was a pantheistic faith that championed freedom, equality and justice; emphasized reason, justice, health and purity; and held to “no Church, no Bible, no priestly expounder, and no creed.” She brought these values into Progressive Judaism, to which she returned in 1869. No statistics exist concerning the extent of female Jewish poverty during Wilburn’s lifetime, but it is safe to assume that orphans, immigrants and the unmarried— Wilburn was all three—were particularly vulnerable. Through her writings, that vulnerable population found both a chronicler and a champion.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"17 1","pages":"23 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85019350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Cemeteries are profound memorial sites for the life of a community, reflecting manifestations of individual, familial and communal self-understandings in a range of contexts: religiosity, economy, class, gender, profession, education and other markers. This paper utilizes a novel approach to reading the sepulchral epigraphy of Vienna’s Jewish cemeteries for an analysis of diachronic developments in gender constructions and the commemoration of women in the longue durée of Vienna’s Jewish history from the late Middle Ages into the present day. While demonstrating both the consistent subordination of women in the memorial canon of the Jewish community and the increasing contestation of gendered and other commemorative codes going into the modern period, this paper demonstrates, through the explication of these cemeteries as communal archives, that a proper understanding of Vienna’s complex Jewish history is impossible without regard for the intersecting discourses of gender, religiosity, class and Jewishness.
{"title":"A “Capable Wife” or a “Woman of Valor”?: Reading Gendered Discourses and the Commemoration of Women in Vienna’s Jewish Cemeteries","authors":"Tim Corbett","doi":"10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Cemeteries are profound memorial sites for the life of a community, reflecting manifestations of individual, familial and communal self-understandings in a range of contexts: religiosity, economy, class, gender, profession, education and other markers. This paper utilizes a novel approach to reading the sepulchral epigraphy of Vienna’s Jewish cemeteries for an analysis of diachronic developments in gender constructions and the commemoration of women in the longue durée of Vienna’s Jewish history from the late Middle Ages into the present day. While demonstrating both the consistent subordination of women in the memorial canon of the Jewish community and the increasing contestation of gendered and other commemorative codes going into the modern period, this paper demonstrates, through the explication of these cemeteries as communal archives, that a proper understanding of Vienna’s complex Jewish history is impossible without regard for the intersecting discourses of gender, religiosity, class and Jewishness.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"25 1","pages":"101 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89408367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The purposes of this paper are (1) to outline the early Jewish traditions concerning Lilith, so as to provide the backdrop for (2) the reconstruction of the main elements of her image in the Alphabet of Ben Sira (ABS), which contains the most elaborate variant of the Lilith-myth. The latter in turn will be (3) confronted with the early rabbinic traditions concerning Eve, so as (4) to present the role of Lilith in unburdening Eve of her problematic past, on the one hand, and (5) to acknowledge the role of Eve in elevating Lilith to the position of the “prototypical” Jewish femme fatale, on the other. The conclusions are that (1) the image of Lilith in the ABS draws upon the traditions that arose around Eve in the early rabbinic literature, (2) the main difference between the two lies in Lilith’s far more defined and unambiguous portrayal in the ABS, and (3) one of the functions of Lilith in the ABS is to promote the positive image of Eve.
{"title":"A Tale of Two Sisters: The Image of Eve in Early Rabbinic Literature and Its Influence on the Portrayal of Lilith in the Alphabet of Ben Sira","authors":"Wojciech J. Kosior","doi":"10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The purposes of this paper are (1) to outline the early Jewish traditions concerning Lilith, so as to provide the backdrop for (2) the reconstruction of the main elements of her image in the Alphabet of Ben Sira (ABS), which contains the most elaborate variant of the Lilith-myth. The latter in turn will be (3) confronted with the early rabbinic traditions concerning Eve, so as (4) to present the role of Lilith in unburdening Eve of her problematic past, on the one hand, and (5) to acknowledge the role of Eve in elevating Lilith to the position of the “prototypical” Jewish femme fatale, on the other. The conclusions are that (1) the image of Lilith in the ABS draws upon the traditions that arose around Eve in the early rabbinic literature, (2) the main difference between the two lies in Lilith’s far more defined and unambiguous portrayal in the ABS, and (3) one of the functions of Lilith in the ABS is to promote the positive image of Eve.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"1 1","pages":"112 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75557370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay takes a look at how scholars have noted or ignored the existence of material concerning women’s lives found in the Cairo Genizah. The pioneer in this endeavor was S.D. Goitein, who devoted an entire chapter to “The World of Women” in the third volume of his magnum opus, A Mediterranean Society. By analyzing how Goitein chose and arranged his material, one can appreciate his scholarship while simultaneously asking new questions to further the field. The generations of Genizah scholars who have followed in his footsteps have done and are doing precisely that.
{"title":"The View from Here: S.D. Goitein’s “World of Women” Revisited","authors":"Renée Levine Melammed","doi":"10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay takes a look at how scholars have noted or ignored the existence of material concerning women’s lives found in the Cairo Genizah. The pioneer in this endeavor was S.D. Goitein, who devoted an entire chapter to “The World of Women” in the third volume of his magnum opus, A Mediterranean Society. By analyzing how Goitein chose and arranged his material, one can appreciate his scholarship while simultaneously asking new questions to further the field. The generations of Genizah scholars who have followed in his footsteps have done and are doing precisely that.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"112 1","pages":"102 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89282991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay reflects on the generational dynamics and social locations of middle-aged and young Israeli women of former Soviet origin in the Israeli gender system and vis-à-vis local definitions of Jewishness. Based on two decades of my research on Russian Israelis, it highlights the issues of negative sexual stereotyping and exploitation of Russian immigrant women; their struggle for a respectable place in the local middle class, in line with their human capital; and the dilemmas of Jewishness, conversion and personal status in the context of their “othering” by the Orthodox rabbinate. While the mothers’ generation quietly endured systemic injustices by finding private solutions to common problems, their daughters are more confident in their Israeli identity and inclined to organize and collectively resist the stigmas and barriers to their social mobility.
{"title":"Silent Mothers, Articulate Daughters: Two Generations of Russian Israeli Women Doing Jewishness and Gender","authors":"L. Remennick","doi":"10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay reflects on the generational dynamics and social locations of middle-aged and young Israeli women of former Soviet origin in the Israeli gender system and vis-à-vis local definitions of Jewishness. Based on two decades of my research on Russian Israelis, it highlights the issues of negative sexual stereotyping and exploitation of Russian immigrant women; their struggle for a respectable place in the local middle class, in line with their human capital; and the dilemmas of Jewishness, conversion and personal status in the context of their “othering” by the Orthodox rabbinate. While the mothers’ generation quietly endured systemic injustices by finding private solutions to common problems, their daughters are more confident in their Israeli identity and inclined to organize and collectively resist the stigmas and barriers to their social mobility.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"1 1","pages":"58 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88847220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Jewish exceptionalism has been considered from many different perspectives. One perspective that has been neglected is whether Jewish Americans age differently than other Americans, and whether any difference that is observed can be attributed to their religion or religiosity, or to other characteristics such as socioeconomic status (e.g., higher education and relative affluence) and family characteristics (e.g., fewer divorces, fewer children). In the current paper, Jewish women ages 50–74 are compared to similarly aged women of non-Jewish religions and of no religion in terms of objective health and subjective aging, controlling for educational attainment, objective and subjective house-hold income, work status, volunteer activity, family status, number of children, social support, and religiosity. Jewishness does not have significant relationships with objective health or subjective aging when age, education, socio-economic status, work status, volunteer activity, family variables, supportive relationships and religiosity are controlled. Moreover, religiosity does not have a significant relationship with Jewish women’s objective health or subjective perception of their aging when these other variables are controlled, in contrast to non-Jewish women.
{"title":"Is Jewishness Related to How American Jewish Women Age?","authors":"Harriet Hartman","doi":"10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Jewish exceptionalism has been considered from many different perspectives. One perspective that has been neglected is whether Jewish Americans age differently than other Americans, and whether any difference that is observed can be attributed to their religion or religiosity, or to other characteristics such as socioeconomic status (e.g., higher education and relative affluence) and family characteristics (e.g., fewer divorces, fewer children). In the current paper, Jewish women ages 50–74 are compared to similarly aged women of non-Jewish religions and of no religion in terms of objective health and subjective aging, controlling for educational attainment, objective and subjective house-hold income, work status, volunteer activity, family status, number of children, social support, and religiosity. Jewishness does not have significant relationships with objective health or subjective aging when age, education, socio-economic status, work status, volunteer activity, family variables, supportive relationships and religiosity are controlled. Moreover, religiosity does not have a significant relationship with Jewish women’s objective health or subjective perception of their aging when these other variables are controlled, in contrast to non-Jewish women.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"46 1","pages":"38 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87891713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In five brief narratives in the Babylonian Talmud, an unnamed female petitioner protests or cries out before a rabbi. Notwithstanding echoes in a handful of adjudicatory and non-adjudicatory narratives involving male characters, this group of narratives has a distinct set of recurring features: the narrative structure and use of the expressions “protesting (or crying out)” (ṣwḥ) and “did not pay attention” (lāʾ + šgḥ). This suggests that gender was significant in the crafting and transmission of some adjudicatory narratives, and that it influenced the borrowing of literary features among the narratives. This article describes the form of Bavli adjudicatory narratives, which are some of the briefest legal narratives in the Bavli. It argues for literary analysis of those narratives in light of the narrative features described. A concluding shows that English translations of the Bavli reflect gender bias in their translations of the verb, ṣwḥ.
{"title":"Protesting Women: A Literary Analysis of Bavli Adjudicatory Narratives","authors":"L. Kaye","doi":"10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NASHIM.32.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In five brief narratives in the Babylonian Talmud, an unnamed female petitioner protests or cries out before a rabbi. Notwithstanding echoes in a handful of adjudicatory and non-adjudicatory narratives involving male characters, this group of narratives has a distinct set of recurring features: the narrative structure and use of the expressions “protesting (or crying out)” (ṣwḥ) and “did not pay attention” (lāʾ + šgḥ). This suggests that gender was significant in the crafting and transmission of some adjudicatory narratives, and that it influenced the borrowing of literary features among the narratives. This article describes the form of Bavli adjudicatory narratives, which are some of the briefest legal narratives in the Bavli. It argues for literary analysis of those narratives in light of the narrative features described. A concluding shows that English translations of the Bavli reflect gender bias in their translations of the verb, ṣwḥ.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"32 1","pages":"131 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81247938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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