Numan Aslam, Muhammad Hassan Danish, Kashif Munir, Sazali Abdul Wahab
This study aims to identify the employability skills of graduates passionate to join the banking industry in Pakistan. Eleven factors related to employability skills are included explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, hard skills, soft skills, intellectual abilities, physical abilities, conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, openness, and extroversion. Managers are requested to indicate the importance of these skills for graduates willing to join the banking industry and share their satisfaction related to the tasks done by the fresh banking graduates under their supervision. The study uses Mean, Standard deviation, One Sample T-test and Coefficient of variation to rank each skill by managers. Results of the study reveal that 'openness', 'tacit knowledge and 'consciousness' ranked in the top three positions as far as the employability skills required in the banking sector, where as 'physical ability’ is ranked lowest. This study's results are imperative for bank managers and educational institutions to guide and train graduate according to the market needs and skills requirements.
本研究旨在了解巴基斯坦银行业毕业生的就业技能。与就业能力相关的 11 个因素包括显性知识、隐性知识、硬技能、软技能、智力、体能、自觉性、合群性、情绪稳定性、开放性和外向性。要求管理者指出这些技能对愿意加入银行业的毕业生的重要性，并分享他们对其监管下的应届银行业毕业生所完成任务的满意度。研究采用平均值、标准差、单样本 T 检验和变异系数对管理人员的各项技能进行排序。研究结果显示，在银行业所需的就业技能中，"开放性"、"隐性知识 "和 "意识 "排名前三，而 "体能 "排名最低。这项研究的结果对于银行经理和教育机构根据市场需求和技能要求指导和培训毕业生非常重要。
{"title":"EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR GRADUATES TO JOIN THE BANKING SECTOR IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Numan Aslam, Muhammad Hassan Danish, Kashif Munir, Sazali Abdul Wahab","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.48","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify the employability skills of graduates passionate to join the banking industry in Pakistan. Eleven factors related to employability skills are included explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, hard skills, soft skills, intellectual abilities, physical abilities, conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, openness, and extroversion. Managers are requested to indicate the importance of these skills for graduates willing to join the banking industry and share their satisfaction related to the tasks done by the fresh banking graduates under their supervision. The study uses Mean, Standard deviation, One Sample T-test and Coefficient of variation to rank each skill by managers. Results of the study reveal that 'openness', 'tacit knowledge and 'consciousness' ranked in the top three positions as far as the employability skills required in the banking sector, where as 'physical ability’ is ranked lowest. This study's results are imperative for bank managers and educational institutions to guide and train graduate according to the market needs and skills requirements.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"62 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research is to examine the relation of influencer credibility with product interest through the mediation of para-social relationships. Influencer credibility was measured through the constructs of expertise, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and similarity. By making a conceptual framework and then evaluating it, this research tries to fill the theoretical gaps about the study variables in a digital influencing context. A questionnaire was developed based on items from available literature about the study variables. The target respondents of the study were social media users from Pakistan who are also users of various brands. The data analysis was conducted using the Process “Macro by Hayes” model 4 in SPSS. Key findings show that the credibility of a source is important for building parasocial relationships and product interest. All the hypotheses were supported showing the immense importance of influences in brand Marketing in the current era. The underpinning theory of this study is the source credibility theory which is supported by our findings. The study also opens new avenues for future research including the application of the model in e-commerce and business-to-business sectors of the industry. The results of this research will also help brand managers and digital marketers design their promotional campaigns through the endorsement of online influencers.
本研究旨在通过辅助社会关系的中介作用，研究影响者可信度与产品兴趣之间的关系。影响者可信度是通过专业知识、吸引力、可信度和相似性这几个构念来衡量的。通过建立概念框架并对其进行评估，本研究试图填补数字影响背景下有关研究变量的理论空白。根据现有文献中有关研究变量的项目编制了一份调查问卷。研究的目标受访者是巴基斯坦的社交媒体用户，他们也是各种品牌的用户。数据分析使用 SPSS 中的 "Macro by Hayes "模型 4 进行。主要研究结果表明，信息来源的可信度对于建立寄生社交关系和产品兴趣非常重要。所有假设都得到了支持，这表明在当今时代，影响因素在品牌营销中具有极其重要的作用。本研究的基础理论是来源可信度理论，我们的研究结果支持了这一理论。本研究还为今后的研究开辟了新途径，包括在电子商务和企业对企业行业中应用该模型。本研究的结果还将有助于品牌经理和数字营销人员通过网络影响者的代言设计他们的促销活动。
{"title":"INFLUENCER MARKETING ON SOCIAL MEDIA: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SOURCE CREDIBILITY IN GENERATING PARA SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND PRODUCT INTEREST","authors":"Seerat Fatima, Usamah Iyyaz Billah","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.43","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to examine the relation of influencer credibility with product interest through the mediation of para-social relationships. Influencer credibility was measured through the constructs of expertise, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and similarity. By making a conceptual framework and then evaluating it, this research tries to fill the theoretical gaps about the study variables in a digital influencing context. A questionnaire was developed based on items from available literature about the study variables. The target respondents of the study were social media users from Pakistan who are also users of various brands. The data analysis was conducted using the Process “Macro by Hayes” model 4 in SPSS. Key findings show that the credibility of a source is important for building parasocial relationships and product interest. All the hypotheses were supported showing the immense importance of influences in brand Marketing in the current era. The underpinning theory of this study is the source credibility theory which is supported by our findings. The study also opens new avenues for future research including the application of the model in e-commerce and business-to-business sectors of the industry. The results of this research will also help brand managers and digital marketers design their promotional campaigns through the endorsement of online influencers.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"115 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Kakar, Rizwana Rasheed, A. Rashid, Salma Akhter
The trustworthiness of qualitative data has been debatable, yet it has strong support from its supporters. However, the importance and worth of qualitative data cannot be undermined. This paper presents a critical review of the trustworthiness of the qualitative data. The degree of trustworthiness of qualitative research can be measured by ensuring the credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability of research design, process, and action. The guarantee of trustworthiness in qualitative research is more complex than in quantitative research due to its subjective nature. Many researchers and experts denied the generalizability of qualitative research. However, few researchers, like Guba (1985), developed a widely accepted model and strategies to ensure the trustworthiness and generalizability of qualitative research. Credibility is like internal validity in quantitative analysis and provides the actual data about the phenomenon. Transferability shows the degree of application of the research finding in other exact natures of context, people, groups, and settings. If the findings of one study are replicated in a similar population, condition, or context, then the findings are dependable. Neutrality is the degree of fairness of results consisting of purity of initial responses and bias-free.
{"title":"CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING AND ENSURING THE TRUSTWORTHINESS IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH","authors":"Z. Kakar, Rizwana Rasheed, A. Rashid, Salma Akhter","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.44","url":null,"abstract":"The trustworthiness of qualitative data has been debatable, yet it has strong support from its supporters. However, the importance and worth of qualitative data cannot be undermined. This paper presents a critical review of the trustworthiness of the qualitative data. The degree of trustworthiness of qualitative research can be measured by ensuring the credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability of research design, process, and action. The guarantee of trustworthiness in qualitative research is more complex than in quantitative research due to its subjective nature. Many researchers and experts denied the generalizability of qualitative research. However, few researchers, like Guba (1985), developed a widely accepted model and strategies to ensure the trustworthiness and generalizability of qualitative research. Credibility is like internal validity in quantitative analysis and provides the actual data about the phenomenon. Transferability shows the degree of application of the research finding in other exact natures of context, people, groups, and settings. If the findings of one study are replicated in a similar population, condition, or context, then the findings are dependable. Neutrality is the degree of fairness of results consisting of purity of initial responses and bias-free.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":" 349","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terrorism has become a curse for most of the underdeveloped economies. Even relatively developed regions like Europe and Turkey are struggling to combat it. Besides the economic and political consequences, terrorist activities also have psychological cost that may reflect in stock market. This study investigates the causal effects of systematic shocks on mean returns and volatility of the general and 14 sectoral indices in Europe and Turkey using contemporary causality tests like Fourier Toda-Yamamoto Causality test (Nazlioglu et al., 2016), Fourier Standard Granger Causality test (Enders and Jones, 2015), and Causality in Variance (Hafner and Herwartz, 2006). Tourism related sectors turn out to be fragile whereas financial sector have significant resilience to terrorist attacks. Moreover, the spillover analysis shows that the Turkish stock market turns out to be more fragile to terrorist attacks in Europe than the other way around.
{"title":"FOURIER CAUSALITY AND VOLATILITY SPILLOVER PERSPECTIVES TO ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF TERRORISM ON TURKISH AND EUROPEAN STOCK MARKETS","authors":"Adnan Hushmat","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.46","url":null,"abstract":"Terrorism has become a curse for most of the underdeveloped economies. Even relatively developed regions like Europe and Turkey are struggling to combat it. Besides the economic and political consequences, terrorist activities also have psychological cost that may reflect in stock market. This study investigates the causal effects of systematic shocks on mean returns and volatility of the general and 14 sectoral indices in Europe and Turkey using contemporary causality tests like Fourier Toda-Yamamoto Causality test (Nazlioglu et al., 2016), Fourier Standard Granger Causality test (Enders and Jones, 2015), and Causality in Variance (Hafner and Herwartz, 2006). Tourism related sectors turn out to be fragile whereas financial sector have significant resilience to terrorist attacks. Moreover, the spillover analysis shows that the Turkish stock market turns out to be more fragile to terrorist attacks in Europe than the other way around.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"76 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are essential to South Africa's development and economic progress. Information technology (IT) expenditures have become crucial for SMEs to stay competitive in the quickly changing digital market. The purpose of this study is to examine the variables affecting IT investments in South African SMEs. The paper provides a thorough examination of the literature, the technique used, the findings, and a discussion of the implications through a conceptual study. The study's findings were derived from an analysis of 15 of the best and most relevant journal articles out of a total of 200 that were obtained and evaluated through Google Scholar that are related to factors impacting IT investments in South African SMEs. The objective was to aggregate the views of many scholars on the issues affecting IT investments in South African SMEs from their writings. The study's findings indicates that financial constraints, perceived return on investment (ROI), industry-specific factors, technological complexity and skills, perceived risk, outside influences, organisational culture, and leadership are among the factors that affect IT investments in South African SMEs. With regards to the study's findings, it is recommended that SMEs should work to understand and address the factors influencing information technology investments in South Africa so they can make informed IT investment decisions, and policymakers should foster an environment that encourages the uptake of technology and the expansion of this industry.
中小型企业（SMEs）对南非的发展和经济进步至关重要。信息技术（IT）支出已成为中小企业在瞬息万变的数字市场中保持竞争力的关键。本研究旨在探讨影响南非中小企业 IT 投资的变量。本文通过概念性研究，对文献、所用技术、研究结果和影响讨论进行了深入探讨。通过谷歌学术（Google Scholar）获取并评估了总共 200 篇与影响南非中小企业 IT 投资的因素相关的期刊论文，并对其中 15 篇最佳和最相关的文章进行了分析，从而得出了研究结果。研究的目的是从众多学者的著作中汇总他们对影响南非中小企业 IT 投资的问题的看法。研究结果表明，财务限制、感知投资回报率（ROI）、特定行业因素、技术复杂性和技能、感知风险、外部影响、组织文化和领导力是影响南非中小企业 IT 投资的因素。根据研究结果，建议中小企业努力了解并解决影响南非信息技术投资的因素，以便做出明智的信息技术投资决策，而政策制定者则应营造一个鼓励吸收技术和扩大该行业的环境。
{"title":"FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY","authors":"P. Saah, Charles Mbohwa, Nelson Sizwe Madonsela","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.47","url":null,"abstract":"Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are essential to South Africa's development and economic progress. Information technology (IT) expenditures have become crucial for SMEs to stay competitive in the quickly changing digital market. The purpose of this study is to examine the variables affecting IT investments in South African SMEs. The paper provides a thorough examination of the literature, the technique used, the findings, and a discussion of the implications through a conceptual study. The study's findings were derived from an analysis of 15 of the best and most relevant journal articles out of a total of 200 that were obtained and evaluated through Google Scholar that are related to factors impacting IT investments in South African SMEs. The objective was to aggregate the views of many scholars on the issues affecting IT investments in South African SMEs from their writings. The study's findings indicates that financial constraints, perceived return on investment (ROI), industry-specific factors, technological complexity and skills, perceived risk, outside influences, organisational culture, and leadership are among the factors that affect IT investments in South African SMEs. With regards to the study's findings, it is recommended that SMEs should work to understand and address the factors influencing information technology investments in South Africa so they can make informed IT investment decisions, and policymakers should foster an environment that encourages the uptake of technology and the expansion of this industry.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":" 1191","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Fayyaz Munir, Naveed Ul Hassan, Ali Raza Elahi, Safyan Majid
This paper explores intricacies of the higher equity risk premia of emerging Asian economies within the context of industrial composition. The conventional ex-post empirical analysis is executed to scrutinize the impact of industries on the country's stock performance, diverging from the contemporary literature on finance, which was restricted to "total market indexes." By utilizing the DataStream’s Total Return Indices (TRIs) data of emerging market industries, this study highlights the contribution of various industries towards higher equity risk premiums across prominent Asian emerging countries. The study unearths several salient empirical findings. Primarily, the study confirms the "high-volatile high-performance nature" in conjunction with the time-varying dynamics of excess returns for emerging markets at the industry level. Secondly, the study's findings identify the industries accountable for the most significant contribution to higher stock premia of emerging markets at both the country and dynamic context levels. Thirdly, we observe that certain industries demonstrate greater exposure to global factors than others. It is, therefore, argued that these observations provide a crucial indication for international portfolio diversification. The investigation of diversification opportunities due to the impact of global factors on country indexes, and the existence of some industries that offer little but advantageous insurance components provide valuable insights for the higher equity premia of emerging markets. The overall study findings suggest that foreign portfolio investors must not only diversify across countries but also across industries to generate augmented returns in emerging stock markets.
{"title":"DO DIFFERENT SECTORS AFFECT EQUITY RISK PREMIUMS IN EMERGING MARKETS? EVIDENCE FROM ASIA","authors":"Ali Fayyaz Munir, Naveed Ul Hassan, Ali Raza Elahi, Safyan Majid","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.45","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores intricacies of the higher equity risk premia of emerging Asian economies within the context of industrial composition. The conventional ex-post empirical analysis is executed to scrutinize the impact of industries on the country's stock performance, diverging from the contemporary literature on finance, which was restricted to \"total market indexes.\" By utilizing the DataStream’s Total Return Indices (TRIs) data of emerging market industries, this study highlights the contribution of various industries towards higher equity risk premiums across prominent Asian emerging countries. The study unearths several salient empirical findings. Primarily, the study confirms the \"high-volatile high-performance nature\" in conjunction with the time-varying dynamics of excess returns for emerging markets at the industry level. Secondly, the study's findings identify the industries accountable for the most significant contribution to higher stock premia of emerging markets at both the country and dynamic context levels. Thirdly, we observe that certain industries demonstrate greater exposure to global factors than others. It is, therefore, argued that these observations provide a crucial indication for international portfolio diversification. The investigation of diversification opportunities due to the impact of global factors on country indexes, and the existence of some industries that offer little but advantageous insurance components provide valuable insights for the higher equity premia of emerging markets. The overall study findings suggest that foreign portfolio investors must not only diversify across countries but also across industries to generate augmented returns in emerging stock markets.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consumers’ knowledge exerts great impact on their willingness to make purchase decisions. The present research aims to study the influence of knowledge on perceived risk, perceived value, and purchase intention towards remanufactured mobile phones. Data were collected from randomly selected mobile phone users who were 18 to 50 plus years old. A closed-end questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS and AMOS were used for the data analysis. Findings indicate positive influence of previous experience, subjective knowledge and perceived value on purchase intention. Perceived risk exerts negative influence on purchase intention. Quality knowledge and price knowledge exert negative impact on perceived risk and positive impact on perceived value. Perceived value is positively influenced by environment knowledge. Theory-based model of this research can be used in future research regarding behavior of consumers in remanufacturing or close-loop supply chain. This research provides new findings regarding knowledge influence on purchase intention towards remanufactured products.
{"title":"KNOWLEDGE INFLUENCE ON PURCHASE INTENTION TOWARDS REMANUFACTURED MOBILE PHONES","authors":"M. M. Tahir","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.40","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers’ knowledge exerts great impact on their willingness to make purchase decisions. The present research aims to study the influence of knowledge on perceived risk, perceived value, and purchase intention towards remanufactured mobile phones. Data were collected from randomly selected mobile phone users who were 18 to 50 plus years old. A closed-end questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS and AMOS were used for the data analysis. Findings indicate positive influence of previous experience, subjective knowledge and perceived value on purchase intention. Perceived risk exerts negative influence on purchase intention. Quality knowledge and price knowledge exert negative impact on perceived risk and positive impact on perceived value. Perceived value is positively influenced by environment knowledge. Theory-based model of this research can be used in future research regarding behavior of consumers in remanufacturing or close-loop supply chain. This research provides new findings regarding knowledge influence on purchase intention towards remanufactured products.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Work-family or work-life conflict occurs when the demands of work and family roles conflict, causing imbalances and difficulties. Heavy responsibilities, a lack of workplace flexibility, gender role expectations, and insufficient social support are precursors. Consequences include psychological distress, disrupted relationships, decreased satisfaction, career setbacks, and adverse organizational results. These factors must be addressed in order to promote well-being and achieve a healthy work-life balance. This study provides insight into work-life conflict literature by outlining its causes and consequences. To succeed in today’s diverse and competitive environment, employees must maintain the right balance between their work and life roles. The construct of WLC has gained the focus of researchers and practitioners as it yields many adverse organizational outcomes. Therefore, researchers have put great emphasis on understanding mechanisms of work-life conflict to develop work and life balance. The primary objective of this study is to identify the antecedents and consequences of WLC based on an extensive literature review. The study concludes with significant implications for practitioners and managers.
{"title":"BALANCING ACT: UNRAVELING THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF WORK-LIFE CONFLICT","authors":"Faryal Bajwa, Saira Ahmed","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.41","url":null,"abstract":"Work-family or work-life conflict occurs when the demands of work and family roles conflict, causing imbalances and difficulties. Heavy responsibilities, a lack of workplace flexibility, gender role expectations, and insufficient social support are precursors. Consequences include psychological distress, disrupted relationships, decreased satisfaction, career setbacks, and adverse organizational results. These factors must be addressed in order to promote well-being and achieve a healthy work-life balance. This study provides insight into work-life conflict literature by outlining its causes and consequences. To succeed in today’s diverse and competitive environment, employees must maintain the right balance between their work and life roles. The construct of WLC has gained the focus of researchers and practitioners as it yields many adverse organizational outcomes. Therefore, researchers have put great emphasis on understanding mechanisms of work-life conflict to develop work and life balance. The primary objective of this study is to identify the antecedents and consequences of WLC based on an extensive literature review. The study concludes with significant implications for practitioners and managers.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Affective employee commitment, also known as organizational commitment, refers to the loyalty and emotional attachment that workers feel towards their employer. It reflects the extent to which employees align themselves with the organization's objectives and values and are willing to go above and beyond to contribute to its success. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of affective employee commitment by examining the factors or antecedents that significantly influence it. Additionally, the study explores the positive outcomes that stem from the establishment of affective employee commitment. Building upon previous research, this article carefully examines the relationship between various variables and affective employee commitment. The findings shed light on the causes and outcomes of affective employee commitment, highlighting its significance in achieving desirable outcomes for the organization. The top management of organizations is encouraged to foster an environment where employees feel a strong sense of belonging to their workplace, as this can result in numerous advantageous outcomes.
{"title":"HEARTSTRINGS AT WORK: EXPLORING CATALYSTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT","authors":"Resham Abbas, Saira Ahmed","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.39","url":null,"abstract":"Affective employee commitment, also known as organizational commitment, refers to the loyalty and emotional attachment that workers feel towards their employer. It reflects the extent to which employees align themselves with the organization's objectives and values and are willing to go above and beyond to contribute to its success. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of affective employee commitment by examining the factors or antecedents that significantly influence it. Additionally, the study explores the positive outcomes that stem from the establishment of affective employee commitment. Building upon previous research, this article carefully examines the relationship between various variables and affective employee commitment. The findings shed light on the causes and outcomes of affective employee commitment, highlighting its significance in achieving desirable outcomes for the organization. The top management of organizations is encouraged to foster an environment where employees feel a strong sense of belonging to their workplace, as this can result in numerous advantageous outcomes.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), continue to fail and discontinue operations at one of the highest rates in many developed and developing countries, such as South Africa. The chief goal of this study was to create a foundation for increasing the sustainability of SMEs. The methods utilised in this inquiry for gathering and analysing data were quantitative. The study's target population, the Central Supply Database of the Provincial Department of Finance, was utilised to count the number of South Africa's officially recognised SMEs. A non-probability sampling method was used to choose 400 small business managers and owners as the study's sample size. The study's findings indicate that there are a few key reasons why SMEs fail and discontinue operating in South Africa, including a lack of strategic business planning, insufficient funding, subpar management, a lack of innovation, a lack of business research, and insufficient human capital education and training.
{"title":"THE BASES FOR ENHANCING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH AFRICA","authors":"P. Saah","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.38","url":null,"abstract":"Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), continue to fail and discontinue operations at one of the highest rates in many developed and developing countries, such as South Africa. The chief goal of this study was to create a foundation for increasing the sustainability of SMEs. The methods utilised in this inquiry for gathering and analysing data were quantitative. The study's target population, the Central Supply Database of the Provincial Department of Finance, was utilised to count the number of South Africa's officially recognised SMEs. A non-probability sampling method was used to choose 400 small business managers and owners as the study's sample size. The study's findings indicate that there are a few key reasons why SMEs fail and discontinue operating in South Africa, including a lack of strategic business planning, insufficient funding, subpar management, a lack of innovation, a lack of business research, and insufficient human capital education and training.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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