Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0398
Kathleen M. Washy
abstract:This article examines the convergence of industry, immigrants, and nativists in a public school in the Western Pennsylvania town of Gallitzin in the mid-1890s. In the court system, the Junior Order of the United American Mechanics, a nativist group, challenged the Gallitzin School District's employment of the Sisters of St. Joseph as teachers in the public schools. This article explores the events leading up to the initial county trial; public school life in Gallitzin at the time as portrayed in the witnesses' testimony at the trial; and its aftermath.
本文考察了19世纪90年代中期宾夕法尼亚州西部加利津镇一所公立学校中工业、移民和本土主义者的融合。在法庭系统中，一个本土主义团体——美国机械师初级教团，对加利廷学区聘用圣约瑟夫修女会(Sisters of St. Joseph)为公立学校教师的做法提出了质疑。本文探讨了导致最初的县审判的事件;当时在加利津的公立学校生活，正如证人在审判中的证词所描述的那样;以及它的后果。
{"title":"Hysong v. Gallitzin Borough School District: Industrialization, Immigration, and Nativism Converge in Gallitzin, Pennsylvania","authors":"Kathleen M. Washy","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0398","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article examines the convergence of industry, immigrants, and nativists in a public school in the Western Pennsylvania town of Gallitzin in the mid-1890s. In the court system, the Junior Order of the United American Mechanics, a nativist group, challenged the Gallitzin School District's employment of the Sisters of St. Joseph as teachers in the public schools. This article explores the events leading up to the initial county trial; public school life in Gallitzin at the time as portrayed in the witnesses' testimony at the trial; and its aftermath.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"398 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91267771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0380
Therese Boyd
abstract:In the 1600s Jesuit priests arrived in Maryland from England to start missions and spread the Catholic faith. Their work took root in Southcentral Pennsylvania with what would become known as the Conewago Chapel. From its beginnings in religious oppression and holding Mass in buildings that were not by law permitted to appear to be churches, with the efforts of many priests and parishioners through the years the Chapel is now an impressive brownstone church known as the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
{"title":"The Conewago Chapel","authors":"Therese Boyd","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0380","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the 1600s Jesuit priests arrived in Maryland from England to start missions and spread the Catholic faith. Their work took root in Southcentral Pennsylvania with what would become known as the Conewago Chapel. From its beginnings in religious oppression and holding Mass in buildings that were not by law permitted to appear to be churches, with the efforts of many priests and parishioners through the years the Chapel is now an impressive brownstone church known as the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"380 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76718785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0349
David J. Endres
abstract:For at least five generations, the Elder family held enslaved persons as part of their agricultural, commercial, and domestic pursuits in Maryland, Kentucky, and Louisiana. Though scholars have highlighted slaveholding by US religious orders, especially the Jesuits, little attention has been paid to how lay Catholics bought, sold, and treated their bondspeople. This study explores how the Elder family was connected to slavery, including the intergenerational transfer of human property—and the practices and mentality that sustained it.
{"title":"The Elder Family: Intergenerational Slaveholding in Early American Catholicism","authors":"David J. Endres","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0349","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:For at least five generations, the Elder family held enslaved persons as part of their agricultural, commercial, and domestic pursuits in Maryland, Kentucky, and Louisiana. Though scholars have highlighted slaveholding by US religious orders, especially the Jesuits, little attention has been paid to how lay Catholics bought, sold, and treated their bondspeople. This study explores how the Elder family was connected to slavery, including the intergenerational transfer of human property—and the practices and mentality that sustained it.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"110 1","pages":"349 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81967213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0479
Laura E. Masur
abstract:This short piece investigates the life history of a Catholic rosary from Conestoga Town, an eighteenth-century Susquehannock town and trading center in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The rosary was either acquired or modified by Susquehannock Indians, incorporating two unusual elements: blue trade beads and a medal depicting the Protestant King George II and Queen Caroline, indicating political alliance with the English. The object's appearance shows familiarity with the form and power of Catholic devotional objects, probably learned through interaction with Jesuit missionaries. Yet its modifications and presence in an infant's grave at Conestoga Town suggest connections to Susquehannock notions of sacred power as orenda.
{"title":"A Conestoga Rosary: Trade, Diplomacy, and Sacred Power in Eighteenth-Century Pennsylvania","authors":"Laura E. Masur","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0479","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This short piece investigates the life history of a Catholic rosary from Conestoga Town, an eighteenth-century Susquehannock town and trading center in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The rosary was either acquired or modified by Susquehannock Indians, incorporating two unusual elements: blue trade beads and a medal depicting the Protestant King George II and Queen Caroline, indicating political alliance with the English. The object's appearance shows familiarity with the form and power of Catholic devotional objects, probably learned through interaction with Jesuit missionaries. Yet its modifications and presence in an infant's grave at Conestoga Town suggest connections to Susquehannock notions of sacred power as orenda.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"2012 1","pages":"479 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82644055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0503
Kathleen M. Washy
abstract:From 1979 to 1982, and in 1995, Sister Sally Witt conducted eighty oral histories as part of two separate projects. These oral histories are now available at the University of Pittsburgh's Historic Pittsburgh website (https://historicpittsburgh.org/). This article provides an overview of those interviews.
{"title":"Hidden Voices: Preserving and Digitizing Oral Histories on Industry, Community, and the Catholic Church","authors":"Kathleen M. Washy","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0503","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:From 1979 to 1982, and in 1995, Sister Sally Witt conducted eighty oral histories as part of two separate projects. These oral histories are now available at the University of Pittsburgh's Historic Pittsburgh website (https://historicpittsburgh.org/). This article provides an overview of those interviews.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"503 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80053539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0488
William J Shepherd
abstract:The Special Collections at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, is home to a large archive of records and documents related to the Catholic Church and social justice. These include the papers of several notable Catholic lay labor leaders, such as Philip Murray and John Brophy, as well as several "labor priests," in particular Msgr. John A. Ryan and Bishop Francis J. Haas, who articulated Church support for workers' rights. Additionally, there are the organizational records of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) prior to their 1955 merger with the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to form the AFL-CIO. Many Catholics, including Murray and Brophy, were significant CIO leaders.
{"title":"New Deal and Postwar Era Labor Collections At The Catholic University of America","authors":"William J Shepherd","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0488","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The Special Collections at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, is home to a large archive of records and documents related to the Catholic Church and social justice. These include the papers of several notable Catholic lay labor leaders, such as Philip Murray and John Brophy, as well as several \"labor priests,\" in particular Msgr. John A. Ryan and Bishop Francis J. Haas, who articulated Church support for workers' rights. Additionally, there are the organizational records of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) prior to their 1955 merger with the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to form the AFL-CIO. Many Catholics, including Murray and Brophy, were significant CIO leaders.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"488 - 502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74448796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0421
Elizabeth C. Davis
abstract:This article examines the relationship between the administration at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School and Catholic missionaries, particularly those associated with the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, as well as the local clergy. It traces the development of the school from the Protestant regime under Richard Pratt to the secular one under Moses Friedman. Throughout this shift, Catholics tried to negotiate a place for themselves at the school. The success of their efforts reflected federal policies on religious education, the personalities of those involved, or the perception of common goals. The author argues that Catholic attempts to develop a place for themselves were initially limited by Protestant sentiment and later the rise of the supposed secular school. In doing so, Davis adds to the historiography on interreligious tensions and dialogue at the turn of the twentieth century, placing the Carlisle Indian Industrial School at the center of these negotiations.
{"title":"\"Any Violation of This Arrangement\": Catholic Negotiations at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 1883–1918","authors":"Elizabeth C. Davis","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0421","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article examines the relationship between the administration at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School and Catholic missionaries, particularly those associated with the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, as well as the local clergy. It traces the development of the school from the Protestant regime under Richard Pratt to the secular one under Moses Friedman. Throughout this shift, Catholics tried to negotiate a place for themselves at the school. The success of their efforts reflected federal policies on religious education, the personalities of those involved, or the perception of common goals. The author argues that Catholic attempts to develop a place for themselves were initially limited by Protestant sentiment and later the rise of the supposed secular school. In doing so, Davis adds to the historiography on interreligious tensions and dialogue at the turn of the twentieth century, placing the Carlisle Indian Industrial School at the center of these negotiations.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"421 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73431990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0444
Kate Lukaszewicz
abstract:In the late nineteenth century, Father Suitbert Mollinger was an internationally famous Catholic priest who pastored in Troy Hill, Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. During his tenure there, his fame ever increased on account of his medical ministry and impressive collection of Catholic relics, the third largest such collection in the world. While pilgrims daily sought physical remedy from Mollinger, the crowds surged in mid-June every year, during the feast week of St. Anthony of Padua. While these stories have been expounded in diocesan and parish histories, recent advances in research technologies have been critical to uncovering a more robust narrative of Mollinger's life, including his methods of healing and his life in Europe. Exploring the digitized Dutch archives revealed a misguided young man inexplicably estranged from his family and serving a prison sentence for a fraud conviction. This article explores the evolving historiography of this important figure in nineteenth-century American Catholicism.
十九世纪末，在宾夕法尼亚州阿勒格尼市的特洛伊山担任牧师的休伯特·莫林格神父是一位国际知名的天主教神父。在他任职期间，他的名气越来越大，因为他的医疗部门和令人印象深刻的天主教遗物收藏，这是世界上第三大的此类收藏。虽然朝圣者每天都向莫林格寻求身体治疗，但每年6月中旬，在帕多瓦的圣安东尼(St. Anthony of Padua)的节日周期间，人群会激增。虽然这些故事已经在教区和教区的历史中得到了阐述，但最近研究技术的进步对揭示莫林格生活的更有力的叙述至关重要，包括他的治疗方法和他在欧洲的生活。在数字化的荷兰档案中发现了一个误入歧途的年轻人，他莫名其妙地与家人疏远，并因诈骗罪被判入狱。本文探讨了十九世纪美国天主教中这位重要人物的发展史学。
{"title":"Finding Father Mollinger: The Historiography of a Catholic Priest","authors":"Kate Lukaszewicz","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0444","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the late nineteenth century, Father Suitbert Mollinger was an internationally famous Catholic priest who pastored in Troy Hill, Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. During his tenure there, his fame ever increased on account of his medical ministry and impressive collection of Catholic relics, the third largest such collection in the world. While pilgrims daily sought physical remedy from Mollinger, the crowds surged in mid-June every year, during the feast week of St. Anthony of Padua. While these stories have been expounded in diocesan and parish histories, recent advances in research technologies have been critical to uncovering a more robust narrative of Mollinger's life, including his methods of healing and his life in Europe. Exploring the digitized Dutch archives revealed a misguided young man inexplicably estranged from his family and serving a prison sentence for a fraud conviction. This article explores the evolving historiography of this important figure in nineteenth-century American Catholicism.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"444 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78583088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0339
K. Heineman
abstract:The story of Catholicism in Pennsylvania and its borderlands is as complex as it is varied. While no single issue of Pennsylvania History could hope to be comprehensive, it is our intention to highlight the variety of the Catholic experience in the Keystone State.
{"title":"Catholicism in the History of the Keystone State and its Borderlands","authors":"K. Heineman","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0339","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The story of Catholicism in Pennsylvania and its borderlands is as complex as it is varied. While no single issue of Pennsylvania History could hope to be comprehensive, it is our intention to highlight the variety of the Catholic experience in the Keystone State.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"339 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91134605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.2.0233
Jacqueline Wu
abstract:In the early 1870s, three employers in the northeastern United States experimented with hiring Chinese men from California and Louisiana to work in factories in North Adams, Massachusetts; Belleville, New Jersey; and Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. Searching for an alternative to their unionizing White workers, the employers sought to capitalize on the belief that Chinese migrants were a cheap and docile source of labor. This article examines the historical roots of Chinese labor in the United States, the stereotype of the Chinese worker, and why White fears of a “yellow peril” stealing jobs largely failed to materialize but nonetheless influenced future anti-Chinese legislation. Widespread interest in replicating the labor experiment declined in part because the Chinese workers themselves asserted control over their movement and subverted their employers’ expectations. This article aims to highlight the agency of those Chinese laborers and expand upon West Coast–centric perspectives on nineteenth-century Chinese American history.
{"title":"The Chinese Labor Experiment: Contract Workers in the Northeastern United States, 1870–1880","authors":"Jacqueline Wu","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.2.0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.2.0233","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the early 1870s, three employers in the northeastern United States experimented with hiring Chinese men from California and Louisiana to work in factories in North Adams, Massachusetts; Belleville, New Jersey; and Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. Searching for an alternative to their unionizing White workers, the employers sought to capitalize on the belief that Chinese migrants were a cheap and docile source of labor. This article examines the historical roots of Chinese labor in the United States, the stereotype of the Chinese worker, and why White fears of a “yellow peril” stealing jobs largely failed to materialize but nonetheless influenced future anti-Chinese legislation. Widespread interest in replicating the labor experiment declined in part because the Chinese workers themselves asserted control over their movement and subverted their employers’ expectations. This article aims to highlight the agency of those Chinese laborers and expand upon West Coast–centric perspectives on nineteenth-century Chinese American history.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"233 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86807471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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