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Research on the Remedy System in China’s Government Procurement Contract Awarding Phase 我国政府采购合同授予阶段救济制度研究
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-05-15 DOI: 10.11648/j.jim.20180702.13
F. Cao, Jiang Huang
Government procurement regulations require efficient implementation and remedy systems to achieve the goals of public procurement and protect the suppliers’ business opportunities. In the phase of awarding public procurement contracts, the establishment of a more independent and professional organization will increase the authority, credibility, and efficiency of dispute resolution in complaint processing. In order to protect the rights and interests of the participants, the public procurement suspension procedures should be further improved; the application of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system such as mediation, arbitration, etc, should be encouraged. When a supplier claims damages for losses due to illegal activities, it should use a more diversified dispute resolution mechanism. The remedy system in the awarding phase of public procurement contracts can enable China’s public procurement system to better meet the needs of the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) and enable Chinese companies to participate in international competition fairly and effectively. China should establish professional and independent complaints resolving institutions. Improve the suspension procedures for the dispute settlement in the Public Procurement contract awarding phase.
政府采购条例要求建立有效的执行和补救制度,以实现公共采购的目标并保护供应商的商业机会。在授予公共采购合同阶段,建立一个更加独立和专业的组织将提高投诉处理中争议解决的权威性、可信度和效率。为了保护参与方的权益,应进一步完善公共采购暂停程序;应鼓励采用替代性争议解决(ADR)制度,如调解、仲裁等。当供应商就非法活动造成的损失索赔时,它应该使用更加多样化的争端解决机制。公共采购合同授予阶段的补救制度可以使中国的公共采购制度更好地满足《政府采购协议》的需求,使中国公司能够公平有效地参与国际竞争。中国应建立专业、独立的投诉解决机构。改进公共采购合同授予阶段争端解决的暂停程序。
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引用次数: 0
Employees’ Satisfaction of Government and Non-Government Banks in Tangail City, Bangladesh 孟加拉坦盖尔市政府与非政府银行员工满意度调查
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-05-08 DOI: 10.11648/j.jim.20180702.12
Sayed Mohibul Hossen, Ridwana Chowdhury
Employees' satisfaction is directly related to their dedication and performance, and customers' satisfaction. Satisfied employees’ put their best effort into building and maintaining successful relationship between the bank and its customers. The present study attempts to identify the key facets contributing to employees' satisfaction in banks and to make a comparative analysis of employees' satisfaction in different ownership structures such as government banks and non-government banks of a small town in Bangladesh. Primary data was used in the study and the sample size of the study was 102 employees from these two sectors of banks situated in Tangail city. Factors including salary of employees, performance appraisal system, promotional strategies, employee’s relationship with management and other co- employees, training and development program, influence of higher authority and working hours are found important for improving job satisfaction of bank employees in Tangail. By the analysis we have found that association between employees’ job satisfaction and their Opportunity to take part in training, courses & workshops, involvement in decision making, company’s behavior as well as company’s well treatment and opinion on Career appointments are significant. Increase in level of these factors improves overall satisfaction of employees which is identified by using statistical techniques.
员工的满意度直接关系到员工的奉献和绩效,也直接关系到顾客的满意度。满意的员工会尽最大努力在银行和客户之间建立和维持成功的关系。本研究试图确定影响银行员工满意度的关键因素,并对孟加拉国一个小镇的政府银行和非政府银行等不同所有权结构的员工满意度进行比较分析。研究中使用了主要数据,研究的样本量为102名员工,来自位于坦盖尔市的这两个部门的银行。研究发现,员工薪酬、绩效考核制度、晋升策略、员工与管理层和其他同事的关系、培训和发展计划、上级的影响和工作时间等因素对提高Tangail银行员工的工作满意度很重要。通过分析,我们发现员工的工作满意度与他们参加培训、课程和研讨会的机会、参与决策、公司的行为以及公司对职业任命的良好待遇和意见之间存在显著的关联。这些因素水平的提高提高了员工的整体满意度,这是通过使用统计技术确定的。
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引用次数: 2
Improving the Health Workforce Distribution in Remote and Rural Areas of Ethiopia: An Evidence-Based Policy Brief 改善埃塞俄比亚偏远和农村地区的卫生劳动力分布:基于证据的政策简报
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-04-17 DOI: 10.11648/J.JIM.20180702.11
Serebe Abay, A. Dibaba, Y. Gebreyohannes, Desalegn Ararso, F. Mengistu, M. Hadis
Human Resources for Health (HRH) constitute the most vital component of health systems. However, the HRH picture of Ethiopia has remained critically low and characterized by geographic mal-distribution. This brief aimed to show the major causes for poor health workforce distribution and to suggest possible policy options. We reviewed relevant evidence describing the problem and feasible options to address the problem, the barriers to implement those options, and implementation strategies to address these barriers. We searched electronic databases of systematic reviews and supplemented with local evidences. In our review, we found different options that help to improve health workforce distribution in the remote and rural areas of the country. Systematic reviews on impact of task shifting, clinical rotations in rural areas during studies and financial incentives have shown favourable results that may lead to increase the number of health workforce working in rural and underserved areas. But none of the studies assessed the costs and cost effectiveness of the suggested options. Therefore, given the limitations of the currently available evidence, there is a need for rigorous evaluative research on the cost effectiveness of each option prior to widespread implementation.
卫生人力资源是卫生系统最重要的组成部分。然而,埃塞俄比亚的人类健康状况仍然非常低,并且具有地理分布不均匀的特点。本简报旨在说明卫生人力分布不佳的主要原因,并提出可能的政策选择。我们回顾了描述问题和解决问题的可行方案的相关证据,实施这些方案的障碍,以及解决这些障碍的实施策略。我们检索了系统评价的电子数据库,并补充了当地的证据。在我们的审查中,我们发现了有助于改善该国偏远和农村地区卫生人力分布的不同选择。对任务转移、研究期间农村地区临床轮转和财政激励的影响进行的系统审查显示出有利的结果,这可能导致在农村和服务不足地区工作的卫生人力数量增加。但没有一项研究评估了建议方案的成本和成本效益。因此,鉴于现有证据的局限性,在广泛实施之前,有必要对每种选择的成本效益进行严格的评价研究。
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引用次数: 3
Economic Analysis of Broiler Production in Lagos State Poultry Estate, Nigeria 尼日利亚拉各斯州家禽养殖场肉鸡生产的经济分析
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-04-09 DOI: 10.11648/J.JIM.20180701.15
O. J. Olorunwa
The study on the economic analysis of broiler production was carried out in Lagos State Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative’ Poultry Estates, Nigeria. A two-stage sampling technique was employed for the selection of 100 out of 193 broiler farmers. The research findings revealed a male dominance (73%) in broiler production and an average age of 45 years within the range of 40 and 49. Also, majority of the broiler farmers (90%) were fully involved in broiler production, married (80%) and literate (90%), with an average farming experience of less than 9 years (81%), average household size of 4 persons (78%) and an average flock size of about 400 birds. It was found that over 80% of the cost of production was on the variable inputs while feeds constituted the highest percentage of the variable costs. This accounted for 54.86% of variable costs and 44.8% of the total costs. The result of the findings showed that a single broiler bird nurtured to maturity had a total cost of ₦1509.8 made up of ₦274.2 as fixed cost and ₦1235.6 as variable cost. The gross revenue per bird was ₦2169.99. The Net profit of ₦660.11 per bird was estimated and this gives a net margin-to-cost ratio of 0.44 which implies that a ₦1 investment in broiler production, all things being equal, would yield 44kobo in return. This indicates that the broiler in poultry estate were profitable. The maximum likelihood estimate of the stochastic frontier production function reveals that quantity of feeds and flock size were highly significant at 5% and 1% risk level respectively. Educational level of farmers and years of experience were the factors positively influencing the technical efficiency of broiler production in the study area. The estimated technical efficiency of the broiler farmers ranged from 57% to 96% with a mean technical efficiency of 74%. Disease outbreak, inadequate finance and high cost of feed were the serious problems faced by the farmers. It was therefore recommended that broiler farmers should increase their flock size, develop the skills of record keeping and feed formulation to reduce feed cost.
对肉鸡生产的经济分析研究是在尼日利亚拉各斯州农业和家禽合作社部进行的。采用两阶段抽样技术从193名肉鸡养殖户中选出100名。研究结果显示,在肉鸡生产中,雄性占主导地位(73%),平均年龄在40岁至49岁之间,为45岁。此外,大多数肉鸡养殖户(90%)完全参与肉鸡生产,已婚(80%)和识字(90%),平均养殖经验不到9年(81%),平均家庭规模为4人(78%),平均羊群规模约为400只。研究发现,超过80%的生产成本来自可变投入,而饲料在可变成本中所占比例最高。这占可变成本的54.86%,占总成本的44.8%。研究结果表明,培育至成熟的肉鸡的总成本为1509.8,其中274.2为固定成本,1235.6为可变成本。每只鸟的总收入为2169.99英镑。据估计,每只鸡的净利润为660.11英镑,这给出了0.44的净利润率,这意味着在所有条件相同的情况下,对肉鸡生产的投资为1英镑,将产生44kobo的回报。这说明肉鸡产业是有利可图的。随机前沿生产函数的最大似然估计表明,饲料量和羊群规模分别在5%和1%的风险水平下具有高度显著性。农户文化程度和从业年限是影响研究区肉鸡生产技术效率的积极因素。肉鸡养殖户的技术效率估计在57%至96%之间,平均技术效率为74%。疾病爆发、资金不足和饲料成本高是农民面临的严重问题。因此,建议肉鸡养殖户增加群体规模,培养记录保存和饲料配方的技能,以降低饲料成本。
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引用次数: 27
Effect of Investment in Healthcare One Economic Development in Kenya 医疗保健投资对肯尼亚经济发展的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-04-02 DOI: 10.11648/J.JIM.20180701.14
Jane Njoki Murango, B. Wabuyabo-Okonga
Economic development can generally refer to an ikncrease in a country's ability to produce goods and services identified by factors such as production, income and spending. Investment in health in this way becomes a significant variable for economic growth or development since investments in different components of health can lead to improved human capital. Kenya has low investment in the health sector which may adversely affect economic development. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of investment in health on the economic development in Kenya. The specific objectives were to investigate the effect of public investment in health, private investment and investment in health by international non-governmental organizations on the development of the economy of Kenya. A descriptive research design was used in this study. Secondary time series data for 32 years (1985-2016) was collected from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Institute of Economic Affairs (EIA), World Bank, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Devolution and Planning. Data analysis was conducted using Stata statistical software. VECM time series model was fitted to the data. Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test and Johansen test of cointegration were conducted to ensure stationarity of the data. The study results suggested that both public investment in health (β = 0.1149; p 0.05). The study makes the following recommendations. First, the government should channel more funding to the health sector as the current funding of 3.4% of GDP falls below the 7% set by the Abuja Declaration in 2001. Secondly, private entities should be encouraged to increase their investment in the health sector in the country. Lastly, the ministry of health and other government stakeholders should partner with private health service providers and come up with a framework to ensure that private health sector increases its funding to fill up financial deficit health sector. This is because the research concluded that the private health has significant contribution to the overall performance of the health sector.
经济发展通常指一个国家生产商品和服务的能力的提高,这些商品和服务是由生产、收入和支出等因素确定的。以这种方式对卫生的投资成为经济增长或发展的一个重要变量,因为对卫生不同组成部分的投资可以提高人力资本。肯尼亚在卫生部门的投资很少,这可能对经济发展产生不利影响。本研究的目的是探讨卫生投资对肯尼亚经济发展的影响。具体目标是调查公共卫生投资、私人投资和国际非政府组织的卫生投资对肯尼亚经济发展的影响。本研究采用描述性研究设计。从肯尼亚国家统计局、经济事务研究所、世界银行、财政部和权力下放与规划部收集了32年(1985-2016年)的二次时间序列数据。使用Stata统计软件进行数据分析。将VECM时间序列模型与数据进行拟合。为了保证数据的平稳性,进行了协整的增广Dickey-Fuller单位根检验和Johansen检验。研究结果表明,两者在卫生方面的公共投资(β=0.1149;p 0.05)。本研究提出以下建议。首先,政府应该向卫生部门提供更多资金,因为目前占国内生产总值3.4%的资金低于2001年《阿布贾宣言》规定的7%。第二,应鼓励私营实体增加对该国卫生部门的投资。最后,卫生部和其他政府利益攸关方应与私营卫生服务提供商合作,制定一个框架,确保私营卫生部门增加资金,以填补卫生部门的财政赤字。这是因为研究得出的结论是,私人卫生对卫生部门的整体绩效有重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable Approach for Poverty Reduction in Rwanda 卢旺达可持续减贫方法
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-03-20 DOI: 10.11648/J.JIM.20180701.13
K. Innocent
The notion of smart solution is globally perceived as the process of enduring values in terms of its characteristics and meanings that are economically viable, environmentally friendly, socially acceptable, and humanly beneficial. The social, economic, environmental, and human sustainability is the best integrated approach in the poverty reduction. Though poverty remains global challenge, there is a need for sustainable approach reflected in the requisite capabilities, partnership features, and indispensible capitals for its reduction. In Rwanda, several challenges still retard all initiatives to fight poverty. These include shortage of household capabilities and indispensable as well as more private sector centered partnership for poverty reduction. But an integrated approach which treats environmental, economic, social, and technical aspects as one component is crucial for shared responsibilities of different parties in poverty reduction.
智能解决方案的概念在全球范围内被视为一个持久价值的过程,其特征和意义在经济上可行、环境友好、社会可接受和对人类有益。社会、经济、环境和人类的可持续性是减贫的最佳综合方法。尽管贫困仍然是全球性挑战,但需要采取可持续的方法,体现在减少贫困的必要能力、伙伴关系特点和不可或缺的资本上。在卢旺达,一些挑战仍然阻碍了所有消除贫困的举措。其中包括缺乏家庭能力和不可或缺的伙伴关系,以及更多以私营部门为中心的减贫伙伴关系。但是,将环境、经济、社会和技术方面视为一个组成部分的综合方法对于不同各方分担减贫责任至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Goods and Service Tax in India: Basic Concepts and Features 印度的商品和服务税:基本概念和特征
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-03-16 DOI: 10.11648/J.JIM.20180701.12
Hajera Fatima Khan
This paper is an analysis of the impact of GST (Goods and Services Tax) on Indian Tax Scenario. The Good and services tax (GST) is the biggest and substantial indirect tax reform since the year 1947. The main idea of GST is to take over existing taxes like value-added tax, excise duty, service tax and sales tax. GST will be levied on manufacturing of sales and consumption of goods and services and is expected to address the tumble effect of the existing tax structure and result in uniting the country economically. Its main objective is to maintain a plebeian between the basic structure and design of the CGST, SGST and SGST between states. GST is a new story of VAT which gives a widespread setoff for input tax credit and contains many indirect taxes from state and national level. The main aim of GST is to create a single, unified market which will benefit in the development of country’s economy. India is a democratic country and therefore the GST will be implemented parallel by the central and state governments respectively. In this article, I have discussed GST and highlighted on the objectives of it. Consequently, I also put a light on the possible challenges, threats, and opportunities that GST brings to strengthen the free market economy. Finally, the paper examines and draws out a conclusion.
本文分析了GST(商品和服务税)对印度税收情景的影响。商品和服务税(GST)是自1947年以来最大和最实质性的间接税改革。商品及服务税的主要思想是接管现有的税收,如增值税,消费税,服务税和销售税。商品及服务税将对商品和服务的销售和消费征收,预计将解决现有税收结构的暴跌效应,并在经济上统一国家。其主要目标是保持平民之间的基本结构和设计的CGST, SGST和SGST之间的状态。商品及服务税是增值税的一种新形式,它为进项税抵扣提供了广泛的抵扣,并包含了许多来自州和国家层面的间接税。商品及服务税的主要目的是创造一个单一的、统一的市场,这将有利于国家经济的发展。印度是一个皿煮国家,因此商品及服务税将分别由中央和邦政府并行实施。在本文中,我讨论了商品及服务税,并强调了它的目标。因此,我也阐述了商品及服务税为加强自由市场经济可能带来的挑战、威胁和机遇。最后,本文进行了检验并得出结论。
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引用次数: 1
Successes and Challenges in Industrial Clusters: Some Empirical Evidence from Wood Industrial Cluster in Kumasi, Ghana 产业集群的成功与挑战:来自加纳库马西木材产业集群的经验证据
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-03-05 DOI: 10.11648/j.jim.20180701.11
M. Amoah, G. Enoch, P. Dadzie, Joseph Asomani
This study examined some successes and challenges of a wood cluster in Kumasi, Ghana. A concurrent mixed method comprising survey, regression analysis, and correlation analysis were adopted to probe into how the effects of interconnections among firms in the cluster, the successes chalked and the challenges firms face in the cluster. Results showed significant (p < 0.001) interconnections among actors contributed to significant increase in productivity, sales and profit margins of the firms. Majority (93.4%) of respondents affirmed appreciable increases in sales and profit margins demonstrating that the cluster has been a major driver of economic growth. Permanent site for the artisans and other actors was the major benefit, provided by the cluster. However, lack of access to bank loans, timber, and waste management facility, promoting and marketing of products are some challenges associated with the cluster. Interventions from government and other agencies are required to create the enabling environment to attract investors that can help in addressing the challenges so as to stimulate growth of the wood and furniture enterprises in the cluster as they have greater potential for Ghana’s economic development.
这项研究考察了加纳库马西一个木材集群的一些成功和挑战。采用调查、回归分析和相关分析相结合的混合方法,探讨了集群中企业之间相互联系的影响、企业在集群中取得的成功和面临的挑战。结果显示,参与者之间的显著互联(p<0.001)有助于公司生产力、销售额和利润率的显著提高。大多数(93.4%)的受访者肯定了销售额和利润率的显著增长,这表明该集群一直是经济增长的主要驱动力。为工匠和其他参与者提供的永久场地是集群提供的主要好处。然而,缺乏获得银行贷款、木材和废物管理设施、产品推广和营销的机会是该集群面临的一些挑战。需要政府和其他机构的干预,以创造有利的环境,吸引有助于应对挑战的投资者,从而刺激集群中木材和家具企业的增长,因为它们对加纳的经济发展具有更大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on HR Analytics Transforming Human Resource Management 人力资源分析转变人力资源管理的研究
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2017-08-18 DOI: 10.11648/J.JIM.20170604.12
Asim Kumar Rajbhar, T. Khan, Sudhakar Puskar
Human resources have continually been the important asset of the organization. To have an aggressive aspect, employees ought to be handled as sources and accordingly with the aid of aligning human resource feature to the central business dreams, corporations can achieve achievement within the competitive marketplace. Human sources are always at the very center of the employer's fulfillment. HR analytic's performs a totally vital function in aligning the HR analytic’s with the general business strategy. HR analytics aids the HR managers to formulate the strategies which enable the corporation to benefit a top hand over its competitors. The papers analyze whether HR analytics is Transmuting the Human resource department and the HR managers. The study examines how HR Analytics facilitates the improvement of a group of workers overall performance in a corporation consequently growing the productiveness of the employees in turn growing revenue technology. The paper also consists of the case have a look at a technique which depicts HR analytics because of the slicing edge device for human useful resource management and not a mere hype.
人力资源一直是组织的重要资产。要想拥有积极的一面,员工应该被视为资源,因此,在将人力资源特征与核心商业梦想相结合的帮助下,企业可以在竞争激烈的市场中取得成就。人力资源始终是雇主实现目标的核心。人力资源分析在使人力资源分析与一般商业战略保持一致方面发挥着至关重要的作用。人力资源分析有助于人力资源经理制定战略,使公司能够从竞争对手中获益。本文分析了人力资源分析是否在转变人力资源部门和人力资源经理。这项研究考察了人力资源分析如何促进企业中一群员工的整体绩效提高,从而提高员工的生产力,进而提高收入技术。本文还包括案例。我们来看看一种描述人力资源分析的技术,因为它是用于人力有用资源管理的边缘设备,而不仅仅是炒作。
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引用次数: 5
Decentralization Education System and Its Effects on Teachers Performance 分权教育制度及其对教师绩效的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2017-08-18 DOI: 10.11648/J.JIM.20170603.11
Sadia Shabbir, I. Ahmed, Muhammad Imran
In this world, just those countries have survived and contended with challenges which have a quality and sound training framework. The nature of training relies upon use of labor and inspiration level of organization and educators. The education system throughout the world has been changed by the passage of time. Unfortunately, Pakistan government not gives proper attention to the education sector. After the creation of fifty-four years of Pakistan the decentralization education system introduced by the military government and some power has been devolved to at local level. This study conducted in district Lodhran (Punjab). The qualitative study method and convenient sampling technique was used to get the data. The present study main aim to know how decentralization education system affects the teacher and school performance and what role of the politician is negative or positive. Finally, in conclusion putting some suggestions that how to make the performance of teachers fruitful for education system and how local representatives play their positive role to provide the standard education to people.
在这个世界上,只有这些国家幸存下来,并在有质量和健全的培训框架的挑战中挣扎。培训的性质取决于劳动力的使用以及组织和教育工作者的灵感水平。随着时间的推移,世界各地的教育体系都发生了变化。遗憾的是,巴基斯坦政府并没有对教育部门给予应有的重视。在巴基斯坦建国五十四年后,军政府引入的权力下放教育系统和一些权力已移交给地方一级。这项研究在Lodhran地区(旁遮普邦)进行。采用定性研究方法和方便的抽样技术得到数据。本研究的主要目的是了解权力下放的教育制度如何影响教师和学校的表现,以及政治家的角色是消极的还是积极的。最后,对如何使教师在教育系统中的表现富有成效,以及地方代表如何发挥他们的积极作用,为人们提供规范的教育提出了一些建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Investment Management
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