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“Realizing I’m Sephardi”: Navigating Prayer and Curricular Discontinuities in Majority-Ashkenazic Day Schools “意识到我是塞法迪”:引导大多数阿什肯纳兹走读学校的祈祷和课程中断
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2242964
E. Rand
ABSTRACT Many American Jewish day schools, where most staff and students adhere to Ashkenazic traditions, perpetuate the normativity of Ashkenazic practice and culture, both reflecting and reinforcing the status of Sephardic communities as “minorities within a minority.” This article draws on Sephardic adults’ recollections of the “Ashkenormative” aspects of their K-12 experiences to explore whether and how discontinuities between the home and school religious practices of Sephardic students contribute to their sense of belonging in school within a broader Jewish American landscape. Findings demonstrate how seemingly insignificant classroom interactions and institutional policies can inform the attitudes of minority adolescents towards themselves, their families, and their communities; and how these attitudes continue to develop throughout late adolescence and into adulthood.
许多美国犹太走读学校的大多数教职员工和学生都坚持德系犹太人的传统,使德系犹太人的习俗和文化的规范性得以延续,这既反映了也加强了西班牙系犹太人社区作为“少数民族中的少数民族”的地位。本文利用西班牙系成年人对他们K-12经历的“阿什克规范”方面的回忆,探讨西班牙系学生家庭和学校宗教实践之间的不连续性是否以及如何在更广泛的犹太美国景观中促进他们在学校的归属感。研究结果表明,看似无关紧要的课堂互动和制度政策如何影响少数民族青少年对自己、家庭和社区的态度;以及这些态度如何在青春期后期和成年期继续发展。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review 书评
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2240684
Joshua S. Ladon
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引用次数: 0
Eat, Pray, Wait: The Informal Israeli Jewish Education of Ethiopian Youth Awaiting Aliyah 吃,祈祷,等待:埃塞俄比亚青年等待回归的非正式以色列犹太教育
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2242516
Marva Shalev Marom
ABSTRACT For Jewish Ethiopian refugees at the Tikvah summer camp in Gondar, Ethiopia, Jewish informal education keeps their dreams of Jerusalem alive while simultaneously reinforcing Israeli gatekeeping practices. The ethnic and religious ideologies underlying Israeli nation-building and statecraft surface in the campers’ exterritorial encounter with Israel’s vision of an “ideal” Jew. Through a collaborative, community-based approach, this study provides a holistic representation of Tikvah as a world suspended between Israeli socialization and informal Jewish education, exposing the distance between the diverse traditions and identities of Jews across the world and Israel’s reconfiguration of what it means to be a “Jew.”
摘要对于埃塞俄比亚贡达尔Tikvah夏令营的埃塞俄比亚犹太难民来说,犹太非正规教育让他们对耶路撒冷的梦想得以实现,同时也加强了以色列的守门做法。以色列建国和治国方略背后的种族和宗教意识形态在露营者与以色列“理想”犹太人愿景的实地接触中浮出水面。通过一种基于社区的合作方法,这项研究提供了提克瓦作为一个悬在以色列社会化和非正规犹太教育之间的世界的整体代表,暴露了世界各地犹太人的不同传统和身份与以色列重新配置“犹太人”之间的距离
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引用次数: 0
A Fraying Connection: Israeli-American Perspectives on Diasporic Hebrew Learning Through and Beyond Jewish Education 一个磨损的连接:以色列-美国人对流散的希伯来语学习通过和超越犹太教育的观点
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2239385
H. Kober
ABSTRACT In this hybrid ethnographic case study, I explore how a cadre of Israeli-American parents in Los Angeles navigate the local Hebrew education landscape to seek linguistic resources for their children. I examine how participants envision Hebrew learning and determine the roles of Jewish, Israeli-serving, and public schools in transmitting Hebrew language, Judaism, and Israeli identity. Participants’ perspectives on the vitality and utility of American Jewish institutions mediate their interest in various Hebrew learning offerings, surfacing cues that signal an institution’s trustworthiness. This paper expands discourse on Hebrew education by foregrounding Israeli-heritage individuals’ concerns regarding diasporic Hebrew learning.
摘要在这项混合民族志案例研究中,我探讨了洛杉矶的一批以色列裔美国父母是如何在当地希伯来语教育景观中为孩子寻找语言资源的。我研究了参与者如何设想希伯来语学习,并确定犹太学校、以色列服务学校和公立学校在传播希伯来语、犹太教和以色列身份方面的作用。参与者对美国犹太机构的活力和效用的看法调节了他们对各种希伯来语学习课程的兴趣,从而揭示了一个机构的可信度。本文通过突出以色列传统个人对流散的希伯来语学习的关注,扩展了对希伯来语教育的论述。
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引用次数: 0
Latin Jewish Families and Their Educational Choices: Navigating Multiple Identities 拉丁犹太家庭及其教育选择:驾驭多重身份
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2243628
Ariela Ronay-Jinich
ABSTRACT This study explores how Latin Jewish families navigate their intersecting identities as they make educational and other socialization choices for their children regarding heritage language and culture. Using a qualitative approach, the study focuses on six women, all mothers of young children living in San Francisco/Bay Area, who have chosen to transmit Jewish and Latin cultures and Spanish language to their children. Data analysis involved thematic coding and a grounded theory approach. The findings suggest that parents’ (in this case, mothers’) diasporic and minoritized cultural experiences play a large role in shaping their views, goals and practices for transmitting multiple diasporic cultures to their children. Understanding their choices offers Jewish educators and institutional leaders a critical view into better serving this Jewish demographic.
摘要本研究探讨了拉丁犹太家庭在为孩子做出关于传统语言和文化的教育和其他社会化选择时,如何驾驭他们的交叉身份。该研究采用定性方法,重点关注六名妇女,她们都是居住在旧金山/湾区的幼儿母亲,她们选择将犹太和拉丁文化以及西班牙语传给孩子。数据分析涉及主题编码和基础理论方法。研究结果表明,父母(在这种情况下,母亲)的流散和少数民族文化经历在塑造他们将多种流散文化传播给子女的观点、目标和做法方面发挥了重要作用。了解他们的选择为犹太教育工作者和机构领导人提供了一个更好地为犹太人口服务的批判性观点。
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引用次数: 0
Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 30; Jewish Education in Eastern Europe 波林:《波兰犹太人研究》第30卷;东欧的犹太教育
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2243192
Glenn Dynner
Commentators like Nathan Nata Hannover and Abraham Joshua Heschel have famously extolled the East European Jewish emphasis on education. “Throughout the dispersion of Israel there was nowhere so much learning as in the land of Poland,” wrote Hannover in the wake of the 1648 massacres. In Eastern Europe, recalled Heschel in the wake of the Holocaust, even poor Jews were like “intellectual magnates [who] possess a wealth of ideas and of knowledge, culled from little-known passages in the Talmud.” While such posttrauma depictions tend to elide acute problems like limited educational opportunities for women and the widening traditionalist-secularist divide during the twentieth century, there is little doubt that East European Jews placed education at the top of their value system. Despite the centrality of education, argues Eliyana Adler in her introduction to Polin 30, it continues to be treated by scholars “separately or as a symptom or effect rather than a cause of change and development.” The contributors to Polin 30, in contrast, “demonstrate that there is much more to be discovered and provide models of how to integrate the study of education into Jewish history” (p. 6). Indeed, the contributors provide rich insights into the crucial yet underdeveloped subject. What strikes the reader most is the sheer variety of educational experiments during Eastern and East Central European Jewish modernity. Education helps explain the dynamism of these communities on the eve of the Holocaust. As Geoffrey Claussen shows, even traditionalist Jewish education experienced disruption and fracture as new musar yeshivas added secular studies and intensive ethics to the older Talmudo-centric curriculum. The next contributors address Hungarian regions, demonstrating that the secularist-traditionalist divide in education occurred there earlier. These chapters are followed by valuable contributions to the study of Jewish education in the late 19th-century-Tsarist Empire. Vassili Schedrin provides a masterful essay on how the emergence of Russian Jewish historiography was an essentially pedagogical undertaking that sought to inculcate a sense of the “pathos” and a “national Jewish component with universal human civilization” by including rebels and heretics alongside paragons of piety (p. 126). Victoria Khiterer addresses Jewish education in the fraught case of Kiev, highlighting the typical imperial Catch-22: “when the Russification desired by tsarist authorities succeeded among wealthy Jewish circles, the Russian government reversed its policy” by means of higher quotas aimed at “preventing an influx of Jews into secondary schools and universities.” As restrictions on Jewish schools remained in place, “Kiev’s Jews were deprived of the right to either Jewish or general education” (p. 178). Brian Horowitz revisits debates about the heder
像Nathan Nata Hannover和Abraham Joshua Heschel这样的评论家曾著名地赞扬东欧犹太人对教育的重视。1648年大屠杀后,汉诺威写道:“在以色列的整个分散过程中,没有什么地方比波兰更能学到东西了。”。赫舍尔在大屠杀后回忆道,在东欧,即使是贫穷的犹太人也像“从《塔木德》中鲜为人知的段落中挑选出来的拥有丰富思想和知识的知识巨头”。“虽然这种创伤后的描述往往消除了20世纪女性受教育机会有限和传统主义-世俗主义分歧不断扩大等尖锐问题,但毫无疑问,东欧犹太人将教育置于其价值体系的首位。Eliyana Adler在介绍小儿麻痹症30时认为,尽管教育是中心性的,但学者们仍然“单独地或将其视为一种症状或影响,而不是改变和发展的原因”,“证明还有更多的东西需要发现,并提供如何将教育研究融入犹太历史的模式”(第6页)。事实上,贡献者对这个关键但尚未发展的主题提供了丰富的见解。最让读者印象深刻的是东欧和中东欧犹太人现代性时期的各种各样的教育实验。教育有助于解释这些社区在大屠杀前夕的活力。正如杰弗里·克劳森(Geoffrey Claussen)所表明的那样,即使是传统主义的犹太教育也经历了破坏和断裂,因为新的musar yeshivas在以《塔木多》为中心的旧课程中增加了世俗研究和强化伦理学。下一位撰稿人谈到了匈牙利地区,表明那里早些时候就出现了世俗主义和传统主义在教育方面的分歧。这些章节之后是对19世纪末沙皇帝国犹太教育研究的宝贵贡献。瓦西里·谢德林(Vassili Schedrin)提供了一篇精彩的文章,阐述了俄罗斯犹太史学的出现本质上是一项教学事业,试图通过将反叛者和异教徒与虔诚的典范一起包括在内,灌输一种“悲情”感和“具有普遍人类文明的民族犹太成分”(第126页)。Victoria Khiterer在基辅令人担忧的案例中谈到了犹太教育,强调了典型的帝国第二十二条军规:“当沙皇当局希望的俄罗斯化在富裕的犹太圈子中取得成功时,俄罗斯政府通过提高配额来扭转其政策”,旨在“防止犹太人涌入中学和大学”。由于对犹太学校的限制仍然存在,“基辅的犹太人被剥夺了接受犹太或普通教育的权利”(第178页)。Brian Horowitz重新审视关于heder的辩论
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引用次数: 0
Stretched Too Thin: A Narrative Study of the Experiences of Early Career Principals in Jewish Day Schools 捉襟见肘:犹太走读学校早期校长经历的叙事研究
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2206060
Maury Grebenau
ABSTRACT Early career principals in Jewish day school are frequently unprepared for the role, contributing to attrition in school leadership. This narrative study explores the socialization of ten Jewish day school principals in the first three years of their first position. These leaders have similar feelings of being overwhelmed and unprepared as principals in other school contexts. They also experienced stress factors unique to Jewish day schools, exacerbating the challenges of socializing into their new role. In response, principals seek support structures within and outside of the school. Conscious cultivation of support may contribute significantly to principal retention.
犹太日制学校的早期校长往往没有准备好担任这一角色,这导致了学校领导层的人员流失。本叙事研究探讨了十个犹太日制学校校长在他们第一个职位的前三年的社会化。这些领导者在其他学校环境中也有类似的不知所措和措手不及的感觉。他们还经历了犹太日制学校特有的压力因素,加剧了他们融入新角色的社交挑战。作为回应,校长们在学校内外寻求支持。有意识地培养支持可能对本金保留有显著的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review 书评
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2205788
Morey Schwartz
Portraits of Adult Jewish Learning offers much food for thought for what makes for effective adult Jewish learning. In her Introduction to the book, editor Diane Schuster invites us to embrace a significant paradigm shift in how we define adult Jewish learning. She suggests that we move away from defining adult Jewish learning as a group of learners gathered around a table, immersed in the study of Jewish texts. There are “many different kinds of tables of learning,” she suggests. “Rather than being unified by a common purpose or a single modality of Jewish education (such as beit midrash [study hall], a Hebrew class, or a talk by a rabbi), these learners sit at—or walk around in—or log onto—very different gathering places for study than we have seen before in research that scrutinizes Jewish education” (Schuster, 2022, p. 2). This greatly expanded definition will require, she suggests, a revised approach to research as well. Schuster cites Jon Levisohn who points out that “the customary standards by which past researchers have measured Jewish literacy are now obsolete and too confining . . . .This narrow model of literacy ignored the rich diversity of Jewish people in every community, as well as the many ways that different types of Jews acquired and transmitted knowledge about Judaism and a meaningful Jewish life” (Schuster, 2022, p. 3). Literacy is not to be measured by information absorbed but rather by knowledge gleaned by which adults can “produce their own meanings.” Portraits of Adult Jewish Learning offers a broad and varied collection of portraits of these different “tables” where adult Jewish learning is taking place. Eight sets of researchers share with readers their research on eight different settings for Jewish learning. From discussionfilled museum visits that lead to a sharing of information and insights (Chapter 1) to a reflective and generative deep-dive into the revision of a play whose script is reimagined by a multi-faith group of thoughtful thespians (Chapter 2), Portraits forces us to consider the many different ways that adult Jewish learning is taking place around us, and how we might translate the current life-experiences of Jews into profound learning experiences. Many of the portraits clearly represent alternative approaches to traditional text-study. Some, however, such as the portrait of the partnership between the Jewish Family and Children’s Services of San Francisco with the Shalom Hartman Institute (Chapter 5) and the Wexner Heritage Program’s curricular initiative on pluralism (Chapter 8) describe examples of using texts to frame educational experiences. Some portraits, like the Avodah Jewish Service Corps yearlong service experience (Chapter 3) and the Early Childhood educators learning trip to Israel (Chapter 4) take giant steps away from the traditional model of around-the-table text study and ask readers to expand our framework for what should be included under the umbrella of effective adult Jewish learnin
《成人犹太学习肖像》为有效的成人犹太学习提供了很多思考的素材。编辑Diane Schuster在她的书简介中邀请我们接受我们如何定义成人犹太学习的重大范式转变。她建议我们不要把成人犹太学习定义为一群聚集在桌子旁、沉浸在犹太文本研究中的学习者。她建议,有“许多不同类型的学习表”。“这些学习者不是通过一个共同的目的或单一的犹太教育模式(如beit midrash[学习大厅]、希伯来语课堂或拉比的演讲)来统一的,而是坐在——或在——或登录——与我们以前在仔细研究犹太教育的研究中看到的非常不同的学习聚集地”(Schuster,2022,第2页)。她建议,这个大大扩展的定义也需要一种修订的研究方法。舒斯特引用了Jon Levisohn的话,他指出,“过去的研究人员衡量犹太人识字率的习惯标准现在已经过时,而且过于局限……这种狭隘的识字模式忽视了每个社区犹太人的丰富多样性,以及不同类型的犹太人获得和传播犹太教知识和有意义的犹太生活的多种方式。”(舒斯特,2022,第3页)。识字率不是通过吸收的信息来衡量的,而是通过收集的知识来衡量的。成年人可以通过这些知识“产生自己的意义”。《犹太成人学习肖像》提供了一个广泛而多样的集合,展示了这些不同的“桌子”,在那里进行犹太成人学习。八组研究人员与读者分享他们对八种不同的犹太学习环境的研究。从充满讨论的博物馆参观导致信息和见解的共享(第1章)到反思和生成性的深入研究一部剧本的修改(第2章),肖像迫使我们思考我们周围成年犹太人学习的许多不同方式,以及我们如何将犹太人当前的生活经历转化为深刻的学习经历。许多肖像画清楚地代表了传统文本研究的替代方法。然而,一些例子,如旧金山犹太家庭和儿童服务机构与Shalom Hartman研究所之间的伙伴关系(第5章)和Wexner遗产计划关于多元化的课程倡议(第8章),描述了使用文本框定教育经验的例子。一些肖像画,如Avodah犹太服务团一年的服务经历(第3章)和以色列幼儿教育工作者学习之旅(第4章。这本书最大的影响反映在舒斯特在撰写关于成人犹太学习的开创性著作《犹太生活,犹太学习:理论与实践中的成人犹太学习》(2003)后的19年里,她自己的观点发生了转变。在里面
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引用次数: 0
Four Approaches to the Instruction of Halakha, Jewish Law 犹太律法哈拉卡训诲的四种途径
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2216114
Yaakov Jaffe
ABSTRACT Jewish Schools spend a significant amount of time on the teaching of Halakha—Jewish Law, custom, and ritual. The practice is most prevalent in Orthodox schools, although in truth all Jewish schools spend some time on the instruction of this discipline. Schools differ widely as to the approach they take in the teaching of Halakha, and this submission investigates the different approaches taken to this teaching in Jewish Day schools, with a focus on real quantitative research as to Halakha education in Orthodox Schools.
摘要犹太学校花了大量的时间在Halakha的教学上——犹太法律、习俗和仪式。这种做法在东正教学校最为普遍,尽管事实上所有犹太学校都会花一些时间教授这门学科。学校在哈拉卡教学中所采取的方法差异很大,本提交的材料调查了犹太学校在这种教学中所采用的不同方法,重点是对东正教学校的哈拉卡教育进行真正的定量研究。
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引用次数: 0
We Must Make Them Modern Orthodox: State Religious Education in Israel and Its Attitude to Mizrahi Religiosity in the Nineteen Eighties 我们必须使他们成为现代的正统:20世纪80年代以色列的国家宗教教育及其对米兹拉希宗教虔诚的态度
IF 0.4 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2023.2215949
Erez Trabelsi
ABSTRACT The Israeli state-religious-education system (SRES) held an unfavorable view of Mizrahi religiosity in the 1980s. Text analyses of religious-education heads’ writings indicate that they saw Mizrahi religiosity as a primitive relic of the past and as a “low-level religiosity” and regarded Mizrahi students as uncommitted and compromising. The large numbers of Mizrahi students in the SRES and the “melting pot” ideology prevalent at the time led to a systemic view of Mizrahi students as “religiously disadvantaged”—that is, children whose religion was flawed but rectifiable, with the task of rectifying it entrusted to the system.
20世纪80年代,以色列国家宗教教育体系(SRES)对米兹拉希人的宗教信仰持不利看法。对宗教教育负责人著作的文本分析表明,他们认为米兹拉希的宗教信仰是过去的原始遗迹,是一种“低级的宗教信仰”,并认为米兹拉希的学生是不忠诚和妥协的。SRES中大量的米兹拉希学生和当时流行的“大熔炉”意识形态导致了一种将米兹拉希学生视为“宗教弱势群体”的系统性观点——也就是说,他们的宗教有缺陷,但可以纠正,而纠正的任务被赋予了系统。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Jewish Education
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