Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.263-275
David Tjahyadi, Edy Parwanto, Sisca Sisca, Endrico Xavierees, Hosea Jaya Edy, R. Digambiro, Ashaolu Victoria Oladimeji, Joey Joshua Vidova Tjahyadi, Laurentia Gabrielle
BackgroundKretek cigarettes contain less nicotine and tar than conventional cigarettes. Exposure to cigarette smoke occurs mainly in the respiratory tract, resulting in histometric changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of filtered kretek cigarette smoke on bronchial histometric measurements in male Sprague-Dawley rats. MethodsAn experimental laboratory study was conducted involving 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, ranging from 150 to 250 grams in body weight. They were randomized into group 1 (controls) and experimental groups 2 and 3. Group 2 was exposed to filtered cigarette smoke at a dose of 1 stick/day and group 3 to 2 sticks/day. Treatment time for all groups was 30 days. Observation of bronchial histometric measurements of the lumen include, length, width, area, and perimeter. In addition, the bronchial mucosal and smooth muscle layers were also measured. The one way-ANOVA test was used to analyze the data. ResultsThe mean area and mean perimeter of the bronchial lumen of the rats were significantly greater in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (p=0.000). The mean bronchial smooth muscle area of the rats in group 1 was smaller than the mean in group 2, which was in turn smaller than the mean in group 3 (p=0.000). Apparently the rats in the treatment groups had undergone bronchoconstriction. ConclusionExposure to filtered kretek cigarette smoke at a dose of 1 stick/day as well as 2 sticks/day for 30 days caused bronchial mucosal hyperplasia and bronchoconstriction in male rats.
{"title":"Effects of low-dose filtered kretek cigarette smoke on bronchial smooth muscle in male Sprague-Dawley rats","authors":"David Tjahyadi, Edy Parwanto, Sisca Sisca, Endrico Xavierees, Hosea Jaya Edy, R. Digambiro, Ashaolu Victoria Oladimeji, Joey Joshua Vidova Tjahyadi, Laurentia Gabrielle","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.263-275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.263-275","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundKretek cigarettes contain less nicotine and tar than conventional cigarettes. Exposure to cigarette smoke occurs mainly in the respiratory tract, resulting in histometric changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of filtered kretek cigarette smoke on bronchial histometric measurements in male Sprague-Dawley rats. MethodsAn experimental laboratory study was conducted involving 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, ranging from 150 to 250 grams in body weight. They were randomized into group 1 (controls) and experimental groups 2 and 3. Group 2 was exposed to filtered cigarette smoke at a dose of 1 stick/day and group 3 to 2 sticks/day. Treatment time for all groups was 30 days. Observation of bronchial histometric measurements of the lumen include, length, width, area, and perimeter. In addition, the bronchial mucosal and smooth muscle layers were also measured. The one way-ANOVA test was used to analyze the data. ResultsThe mean area and mean perimeter of the bronchial lumen of the rats were significantly greater in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (p=0.000). The mean bronchial smooth muscle area of the rats in group 1 was smaller than the mean in group 2, which was in turn smaller than the mean in group 3 (p=0.000). Apparently the rats in the treatment groups had undergone bronchoconstriction. ConclusionExposure to filtered kretek cigarette smoke at a dose of 1 stick/day as well as 2 sticks/day for 30 days caused bronchial mucosal hyperplasia and bronchoconstriction in male rats.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139339143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.249-250
N. R. Maddela
{"title":"Is 'quorum quenching' a promising tool to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria?","authors":"N. R. Maddela","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.249-250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.249-250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139341173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.255-262
Esin Gullu, Abdulsamet Efdal, Abdullah Gullu, Ihsan Cetin
Background Artificial turf fields are widely used as an alternative to natural grass in many areas such as parks, playgrounds, and playing fields. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of the chemicals contained in the fields consisting of artificial turf and crumb rubber on the blood metal levels in field hockey players. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 28 apparently healthy men aged 20-25 years who participated in this study voluntarily. They consisted of 17 field hockey athletes [athlete group (AG)] and 11 sedentary males [control group (CG)]. Before and after the 7-day tournament, blood samples were taken from AG and CG to measure mercury, arsenic, aluminum, lead, zinc, magnesium and iron levels. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data. ResultsIn comparisons between CG and AG, the magnesium level of AG before the tournament was higher, while the iron and mercury levels were significantly lower (p<0.05). In intragroup comparisons, a significant increase was observed in the post-tournament magnesium and iron variables in the AG group (p<0.05). In post-tournament intergroup comparisons, increases in the Mg and decreases in the Hg variables of AG were significant (p<0.05). ConclusionIt is thought that as a result of the tournament on fields with synthetic grass surfaces, the male field hockey players in the 20-25 age group were toxicologically not affected by the harmful heavy metals present in these fields, because the Hg, As, Pb, Zn, Al, Fe, and Mg levels are within the international reference ranges.
背景 人工草皮球场作为天然草坪的替代品被广泛应用于公园、操场和运动场等许多地方。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估由人造草皮和橡胶屑组成的场地中所含化学物质对曲棍球运动员血液中金属含量的毒理学影响。方法 我们进行了一项横断面研究，28 名年龄在 20-25 岁之间、身体健康的男性自愿参与了这项研究。其中包括 17 名曲棍球运动员（运动员组（AG））和 11 名久坐不动的男性（对照组（CG））。在为期 7 天的比赛前后，分别从 AG 和 CG 提取了血液样本，以测量汞、砷、铝、铅、锌、镁和铁的含量。数据分析采用独立 t 检验。结果在 CG 和 AG 之间的比较中，AG 在比赛前的镁含量较高，而铁和汞含量则明显较低（P<0.05）。在组内比较中，观察到 AG 组赛后镁和铁的变量显著增加（P<0.05）。在赛后的组间比较中，AG 组的镁变量和汞变量均有显著增加和减少（P<0.05）。结论：由于比赛场地是人造草坪，20-25 岁年龄组的男子曲棍球运动员在毒理学上没有受到这些场地中有害重金属的影响，因为他们体内的汞、砷、铅、锌、铝、铁和镁含量都在国际参考范围内。
{"title":"Evaluation of blood metal levels of hockey teams after playing on synthetic turf fields","authors":"Esin Gullu, Abdulsamet Efdal, Abdullah Gullu, Ihsan Cetin","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.255-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.255-262","url":null,"abstract":"Background Artificial turf fields are widely used as an alternative to natural grass in many areas such as parks, playgrounds, and playing fields. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of the chemicals contained in the fields consisting of artificial turf and crumb rubber on the blood metal levels in field hockey players. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 28 apparently healthy men aged 20-25 years who participated in this study voluntarily. They consisted of 17 field hockey athletes [athlete group (AG)] and 11 sedentary males [control group (CG)]. Before and after the 7-day tournament, blood samples were taken from AG and CG to measure mercury, arsenic, aluminum, lead, zinc, magnesium and iron levels. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data. ResultsIn comparisons between CG and AG, the magnesium level of AG before the tournament was higher, while the iron and mercury levels were significantly lower (p<0.05). In intragroup comparisons, a significant increase was observed in the post-tournament magnesium and iron variables in the AG group (p<0.05). In post-tournament intergroup comparisons, increases in the Mg and decreases in the Hg variables of AG were significant (p<0.05). ConclusionIt is thought that as a result of the tournament on fields with synthetic grass surfaces, the male field hockey players in the 20-25 age group were toxicologically not affected by the harmful heavy metals present in these fields, because the Hg, As, Pb, Zn, Al, Fe, and Mg levels are within the international reference ranges.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.206-213
A. Amini Harandi, E. Zarifi, Mohammadreza Shahmohammadi
BackgroundTumors are the second-most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Brain tumors are really different regarding location, symptoms and signs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different primary brain tumors in Iran. MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed the medical records of patients with primary brain tumor referred to university hospitals between January 2016 and January 2017. By examining the hospitalization records, clinical symptoms, pathological and imaging findings, data was collected on age, sex, hand dominance, type of tumor, and the involved hemisphere. A chi-square test of independence was used to analyze the relationship between hand dominance and tumor grade. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. ResultsIn total, 1113 patients with brain tumor with mean age of 41.89 ± 18.06 years, including 708 males (63.6%), were studied in Tehran, Iran. The most common brain tumors were glioblastoma with a frequency of 330 (29.6%) and astrocytoma 183 (16.4%). The rarest tumor types are ependymoblastoma with a frequency of 14 (1.3%). Overall, 551 (49.5%) patients had left hemisphere and 459 (41.2%) had right hemisphere involvement. There was no significant relationship between hand dominance and tumor grade (p>0.05). ConclusionBrain tumors are more common in the fourth and fifth decades of life, and glioblastoma and astrocytoma tumors are the most common brain tumors. The sex distribution of these patients in the present study shows a higher prevalence in men. There was a significant relationship between the hand dominance in patients and contralateral hemisphere involvement.
{"title":"Prevalence of primary central nervous system tumors in Iran: a retrospective study","authors":"A. Amini Harandi, E. Zarifi, Mohammadreza Shahmohammadi","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.206-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.206-213","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundTumors are the second-most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Brain tumors are really different regarding location, symptoms and signs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different primary brain tumors in Iran.\u0000MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed the medical records of patients with primary brain tumor referred to university hospitals between January 2016 and January 2017. By examining the hospitalization records, clinical symptoms, pathological and imaging findings, data was collected on age, sex, hand dominance, type of tumor, and the involved hemisphere. A chi-square test of independence was used to analyze the relationship between hand dominance and tumor grade. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.\u0000ResultsIn total, 1113 patients with brain tumor with mean age of 41.89 ± 18.06 years, including 708 males (63.6%), were studied in Tehran, Iran. The most common brain tumors were glioblastoma with a frequency of 330 (29.6%) and astrocytoma 183 (16.4%). The rarest tumor types are ependymoblastoma with a frequency of 14 (1.3%). Overall, 551 (49.5%) patients had left hemisphere and 459 (41.2%) had right hemisphere involvement. There was no significant relationship between hand dominance and tumor grade (p>0.05).\u0000ConclusionBrain tumors are more common in the fourth and fifth decades of life, and glioblastoma and astrocytoma tumors are the most common brain tumors. The sex distribution of these patients in the present study shows a higher prevalence in men. There was a significant relationship between the hand dominance in patients and contralateral hemisphere involvement.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44181763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDIn recent years, there has been a significant decrease in childbearing rates in many parts of the world. Young people who delay their marriage plans for various reasons also indirectly delay their childbearing to advanced ages. Postponed childbearing may lead to increased health risks for both mother and child. This study aimed to determine attitude towards fertility and childbearing in female university students. METHODSThis cross-sectional study involved 259 female university students. The data were collected with Attitudes Toward Fertility and childbearing Scale (AFCS). Data were analyzed using t test and one-way ANOVA. RESULTSIn the study 92.7% of the students wanted to become a future mother. The importance of fertility for the future mean score of the students with low income level (21.56±8.14) was found to be lower than the students with medium (25.80±6.51) and high income level (25.29±4.37) (p<0.05). The importance of fertility for the future mean score of only-child students (22.57±7.09) was lower than that of the other students (25.82±6.45). The importance of fertility for the future mean score of the students who did not have a date was also found to be lower than the students who had a date (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONIn the study, students with a low income level, who are an only child and who do not have a date during the study care less about fertility for the future. Also, students with a single-parent family, with siblings, and no previous sexual intercourse identify childbearing more with female identity.
{"title":"Attitudes toward fertility and childbearing among female University students","authors":"Derya Yüksel Koçak, Nuriye Büyükkayacı Duman, Rukiye HOBEK AKARSU","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.195-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.195-205","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIn recent years, there has been a significant decrease in childbearing rates in many parts of the world. Young people who delay their marriage plans for various reasons also indirectly delay their childbearing to advanced ages. Postponed childbearing may lead to increased health risks for both mother and child. This study aimed to determine attitude towards fertility and childbearing in female university students. METHODSThis cross-sectional study involved 259 female university students. The data were collected with Attitudes Toward Fertility and childbearing Scale (AFCS). Data were analyzed using t test and one-way ANOVA. RESULTSIn the study 92.7% of the students wanted to become a future mother. The importance of fertility for the future mean score of the students with low income level (21.56±8.14) was found to be lower than the students with medium (25.80±6.51) and high income level (25.29±4.37) (p<0.05). The importance of fertility for the future mean score of only-child students (22.57±7.09) was lower than that of the other students (25.82±6.45). The importance of fertility for the future mean score of the students who did not have a date was also found to be lower than the students who had a date (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONIn the study, students with a low income level, who are an only child and who do not have a date during the study care less about fertility for the future. Also, students with a single-parent family, with siblings, and no previous sexual intercourse identify childbearing more with female identity.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47082676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.182-194
Y. Turana, Noriko Matsushita, Ebtehal Salman, A. Soenarta, Vidya Gani Wijaya, B. Widyantoro, Eka Harmeiwaty, R. Soerarso, T. D. Situmorang
BackgroundHypertension is a significant mortality risk factor. The knowledge and practice among physicians of hypertension management and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) in blood pressure control is important. We aimed to investigate the awareness and practice of HBPM among physicians in Indonesia after publishing of the local 2019 HBPM guidelines. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 611 physicians in Indonesia that was conducted between February and October 2020. The questionnaire covered awareness, knowledge, and practice of HBPM. ResultsA total of 330 male physicians (54.0%) aged 20-49 years participated in the survey. More than half were specialists (51.6%) and recommended HBPM to their patients with hypertension (89.0%). The awareness of HBPM benefits was substantial among the physicians; however, the knowledge of the home blood pressure (HBP) reference values of was low (7.9%). Around 54% of the respondents thought that the barriers to low recognition of HBPM are lack of HBPM guidelines or lack of understanding of HBPM among physicians. A considerable percentage provided instruction on HBPM that aligned with the local guidelines, but between 7.5-29.5% gave no instruction on HBPM. ConclusionMost physicians recommend HBPM, but there is still a lack of knowledge and attitude toward HBPM. In Indonesia, local HBPM guidelines were published in 2019, but have not yet sufficiently penetrated the country, therefore robust dissemination of the published HBPM guidelines is still needed. For efficient utilization of HBPM by physicians in clinical practice, developing user-friendly educational tools such as physicians’ pocket guide on HBPM instructions is essential.
{"title":"Physicians' awareness and practice of home blood pressure measurement in Indonesia: Asia home blood pressure monitoring survey 2020","authors":"Y. Turana, Noriko Matsushita, Ebtehal Salman, A. Soenarta, Vidya Gani Wijaya, B. Widyantoro, Eka Harmeiwaty, R. Soerarso, T. D. Situmorang","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.182-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.182-194","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundHypertension is a significant mortality risk factor. The knowledge and practice among physicians of hypertension management and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) in blood pressure control is important. We aimed to investigate the awareness and practice of HBPM among physicians in Indonesia after publishing of the local 2019 HBPM guidelines.\u0000MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 611 physicians in Indonesia that was conducted between February and October 2020. The questionnaire covered awareness, knowledge, and practice of HBPM.\u0000ResultsA total of 330 male physicians (54.0%) aged 20-49 years participated in the survey. More than half were specialists (51.6%) and recommended HBPM to their patients with hypertension (89.0%). The awareness of HBPM benefits was substantial among the physicians; however, the knowledge of the home blood pressure (HBP) reference values of was low (7.9%). Around 54% of the respondents thought that the barriers to low recognition of HBPM are lack of HBPM guidelines or lack of understanding of HBPM among physicians. A considerable percentage provided instruction on HBPM that aligned with the local guidelines, but between 7.5-29.5% gave no instruction on HBPM.\u0000ConclusionMost physicians recommend HBPM, but there is still a lack of knowledge and attitude toward HBPM. In Indonesia, local HBPM guidelines were published in 2019, but have not yet sufficiently penetrated the country, therefore robust dissemination of the published HBPM guidelines is still needed. For efficient utilization of HBPM by physicians in clinical practice, developing user-friendly educational tools such as physicians’ pocket guide on HBPM instructions is essential.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46259166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.173-181
Nico Odolf Yordanius, Ketut Wiargitha, N. Golden, Wayan Periadijaya, Wayan Sudarsa, W. Niryana
Background Trauma has been called the neglected disease of modern society and the most common cause of death under 45 years. Determining the optimal prospective course of action may be aided by the adoption of a scoring system to evaluate urgent laparotomy intervention. A quick and easy technique to identify whether there are any intra-abdominal injuries is to use the clinical abdominal scoring system (CASS). The objective of this study was to evaluate CASS in predicting the outcomes in patients with blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 80 patients with suspected BAT that arrived at the emergency department. All patients with suspected BAT were scored using CASS and radiological investigations that were done in the ED. The decision to proceed with the surgery would be made if the patient had CASS >12 and/or if the radiological investigation showed features of BAT such as air under the diaphragm. Results Mean CASS score was 10.28 ± 1.340. The majority of the subjects (75 or 93.5%) had successful laparotomies, whereas only five (6.3%) had unsuccessful ones. Injuries to the spleen (42.6%), and liver (32%), combined injuries to the spleen and liver (2.6%), intestine (16%), pancreas (1.3%), bladder (4%), and kidneys (1.5%) were all found in positive laparotomies. The CASS has specificity of 60%, sensitivity of 80%, PPV 96.7%, and NPV 16.6%. Conclusions According to our data results, The CASS has a poor ability to predict the need for laparotomy in cases of blunt abdominal injuries as it shows low specificity.
{"title":"Evaluation of clinical abdominal scoring system for predicting outcomes of blunt abdominal trauma","authors":"Nico Odolf Yordanius, Ketut Wiargitha, N. Golden, Wayan Periadijaya, Wayan Sudarsa, W. Niryana","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.173-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.173-181","url":null,"abstract":"Background Trauma has been called the neglected disease of modern society and the most common cause of death under 45 years. Determining the optimal prospective course of action may be aided by the adoption of a scoring system to evaluate urgent laparotomy intervention. A quick and easy technique to identify whether there are any intra-abdominal injuries is to use the clinical abdominal scoring system (CASS). The objective of this study was to evaluate CASS in predicting the outcomes in patients with blunt abdominal trauma (BAT).\u0000Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 80 patients with suspected BAT that arrived at the emergency department. All patients with suspected BAT were scored using CASS and radiological investigations that were done in the ED. The decision to proceed with the surgery would be made if the patient had CASS >12 and/or if the radiological investigation showed features of BAT such as air under the diaphragm.\u0000Results Mean CASS score was 10.28 ± 1.340. The majority of the subjects (75 or 93.5%) had successful laparotomies, whereas only five (6.3%) had unsuccessful ones. Injuries to the spleen (42.6%), and liver (32%), combined injuries to the spleen and liver (2.6%), intestine (16%), pancreas (1.3%), bladder (4%), and kidneys (1.5%) were all found in positive laparotomies. The CASS has specificity of 60%, sensitivity of 80%, PPV 96.7%, and NPV 16.6%.\u0000Conclusions According to our data results, The CASS has a poor ability to predict the need for laparotomy in cases of blunt abdominal injuries as it shows low specificity.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43338990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.240-248
Restu Nur Rohmah, M. Yamsun, S. Syafiie
BackgroundVerrucous carcinoma (VC) is a well-differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) characterized by slow growth and low metastatic potential. Cutaneous verrucous carcinoma (CVC) or papillomatosis cutis carcinoides is the term used for VC in other locations than the oral, anogenital, and plantar regions. This rare tumor has a contradictory “benign” histology, but markedly aggressive clinical behavior. We present this case as background knowledge to corroborate clinical course, diagnosis, histopathology, and treatment options for this infrequent disease. Case DescriptionWe report a verrucous carcinoma on a 79-year-old man’s left thigh. Clinical examination showed a fungating mass with cauliflower-like appearance measuring 5x3x1 cm. Excisional biopsy revealed exo-endophytic proliferation of well-differentiated squamous epithelium invading the dermis with marked hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, pushing margins, and minimal cellular atypia (T2N0M0). It was successfully treated by wide local excision, inguinal lymph node dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Follow-up after 1 year showed good wound healing without any loss of function or recurrence. ConclusionCutaneous verrucous carcinoma is a subtype of a low-grade SCC and is not an SCC with a verrucous presentation. Identification of the clinicopathological features is essential to distinguish CVC from its mimics and to make an early diagnosis. Although slow growth and confusing early-stage appearances can lead to delay in diagnosis or to misdiagnosis, this case has not raised many diagnosis problems regarding the cardinal manifestations of CVC. Regardless of any available therapeutic methods, surgical excision with safety margins is still a priority and CVC requires aggressive treatment.
{"title":"Rare cutaneous verrucous carcinoma in the femoral region: a case report","authors":"Restu Nur Rohmah, M. Yamsun, S. Syafiie","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.240-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.240-248","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundVerrucous carcinoma (VC) is a well-differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) characterized by slow growth and low metastatic potential. Cutaneous verrucous carcinoma (CVC) or papillomatosis cutis carcinoides is the term used for VC in other locations than the oral, anogenital, and plantar regions. This rare tumor has a contradictory “benign” histology, but markedly aggressive clinical behavior. We present this case as background knowledge to corroborate clinical course, diagnosis, histopathology, and treatment options for this infrequent disease.\u0000Case DescriptionWe report a verrucous carcinoma on a 79-year-old man’s left thigh. Clinical examination showed a fungating mass with cauliflower-like appearance measuring 5x3x1 cm. Excisional biopsy revealed exo-endophytic proliferation of well-differentiated squamous epithelium invading the dermis with marked hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, pushing margins, and minimal cellular atypia (T2N0M0). It was successfully treated by wide local excision, inguinal lymph node dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Follow-up after 1 year showed good wound healing without any loss of function or recurrence.\u0000ConclusionCutaneous verrucous carcinoma is a subtype of a low-grade SCC and is not an SCC with a verrucous presentation. Identification of the clinicopathological features is essential to distinguish CVC from its mimics and to make an early diagnosis. Although slow growth and confusing early-stage appearances can lead to delay in diagnosis or to misdiagnosis, this case has not raised many diagnosis problems regarding the cardinal manifestations of CVC. Regardless of any available therapeutic methods, surgical excision with safety margins is still a priority and CVC requires aggressive treatment.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48489373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.160-172
Semuel Sandy, Tri Nury Kridningsih
BackgroundSoil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are caused by three types of worms: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms. Soil-transmitted helminth infections have significant health and socioeconomic implications for communities in developing countries, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of STH infections among elementary school pupils in Wamena District. MethodsThe study design used was a cross-sectional design involving 317 elementary school pupils. The children were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that included demographic information, hygiene, and environmental sanitation data of the respondents. Stool samples were collected from all consenting participants in sterile plastic containers and were analyzed within 24 hours of collection, using the Kato-Katz method. The data were analyzed using bivariate statistical analysis (Chi-square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). ResultsThe prevalence of helminthiasis among elementary school pupils was 19.9% (63/317). STH prevalence of mild category was 17.4% (55/317). The risk factors for STH infections among school children were the habit of not washing hands with soap after defecation, with an odds ratio of 5.04 [95% CI (2.22-11.48)], and the source of water for household use, with an odds ratio of 7.22 [95% CI (3.66-14.22)]. ConclusionThe prevalence of helminthiasis was found to be 19.9% (63/317), with an STH prevalence of mild category. Risk factors for STH infections included the habit of not washing hands with soap after defecation and the source of water for household use.
{"title":"Source of household water as main risk factor of soil-transmitted helminth infections among elementary school pupils in Wamena District, Jayawijaya Regency, Papua","authors":"Semuel Sandy, Tri Nury Kridningsih","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.160-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.160-172","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundSoil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are caused by three types of worms: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms. Soil-transmitted helminth infections have significant health and socioeconomic implications for communities in developing countries, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of STH infections among elementary school pupils in Wamena District.\u0000MethodsThe study design used was a cross-sectional design involving 317 elementary school pupils. The children were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that included demographic information, hygiene, and environmental sanitation data of the respondents. Stool samples were collected from all consenting participants in sterile plastic containers and were analyzed within 24 hours of collection, using the Kato-Katz method. The data were analyzed using bivariate statistical analysis (Chi-square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression).\u0000ResultsThe prevalence of helminthiasis among elementary school pupils was 19.9% (63/317). STH prevalence of mild category was 17.4% (55/317). The risk factors for STH infections among school children were the habit of not washing hands with soap after defecation, with an odds ratio of 5.04 [95% CI (2.22-11.48)], and the source of water for household use, with an odds ratio of 7.22 [95% CI (3.66-14.22)].\u0000ConclusionThe prevalence of helminthiasis was found to be 19.9% (63/317), with an STH prevalence of mild category. Risk factors for STH infections included the habit of not washing hands with soap after defecation and the source of water for household use.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41554199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.150-159
D. P. Ekasari, Santosa Basuki, Wuriandaru Kurniasih, Herwinda Brahmanti, A. Rofiq
BackgroundThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic or irritant contact dermatitis has been increasing significantly in the general population. Interleukin- 4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Physalis angulata (PA) leaves reportedly have anti-inflammatory effects by impeding IL-4, IL-6, and IgE. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PA leaf extract cream on IL-4, IL-6, and IgE using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to induce AD-like skin inflammation in a mice model. MethodsThis study used an experimental design involving 30 BALB/c mice, that were randomized into 3 groups: 1) control group receiving no treatment; 2) Vehicle treatment group receiving vehicle cream preparation; 3) PA treatment group receiving 10% PA leaf extract cream after induction of AD-like skin inflammation by DNCB. After 30 days, tissue samples were extracted from the skin lesions to measure IL-4 and IL-6 levels, and serum to measure IgE using ELISA. One-way Anova, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data. ResultsGroup 3 (PA treatment) had significantly lower IL-4 (281.15 ± 43.14 pg/mL) than group 2 (vehicle cream treatment) (388.89±135.88 pg/ml) (p=0.001). However, although IL-6 and IgE levels were lower in group 3 than in group 2, the differences were statistically not significant (p=0.096 and p=0.479 respectively). ConclusionThere were lower levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IgE in the group receiving PA leaf extract cream than in the group receiving vehicle cream preparation. Therefore, PA leaf extract cream may have therapeutic potential in AD.
{"title":"Effect of Physalis angulata leaf extract cream on Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, and Immunoglobulin-E in mice with induced atopic dermatitis","authors":"D. P. Ekasari, Santosa Basuki, Wuriandaru Kurniasih, Herwinda Brahmanti, A. Rofiq","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.150-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.150-159","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic or irritant contact dermatitis has been increasing significantly in the general population. Interleukin- 4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Physalis angulata (PA) leaves reportedly have anti-inflammatory effects by impeding IL-4, IL-6, and IgE. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PA leaf extract cream on IL-4, IL-6, and IgE using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to induce AD-like skin inflammation in a mice model.\u0000MethodsThis study used an experimental design involving 30 BALB/c mice, that were randomized into 3 groups: 1) control group receiving no treatment; 2) Vehicle treatment group receiving vehicle cream preparation; 3) PA treatment group receiving 10% PA leaf extract cream after induction of AD-like skin inflammation by DNCB. After 30 days, tissue samples were extracted from the skin lesions to measure IL-4 and IL-6 levels, and serum to measure IgE using ELISA. One-way Anova, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data.\u0000ResultsGroup 3 (PA treatment) had significantly lower IL-4 (281.15 ± 43.14 pg/mL) than group 2 (vehicle cream treatment) (388.89±135.88 pg/ml) (p=0.001). However, although IL-6 and IgE levels were lower in group 3 than in group 2, the differences were statistically not significant (p=0.096 and p=0.479 respectively).\u0000ConclusionThere were lower levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IgE in the group receiving PA leaf extract cream than in the group receiving vehicle cream preparation. Therefore, PA leaf extract cream may have therapeutic potential in AD.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43341835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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