From the perspective of memory studies, this paper analyzes the unique Austrian mechanisms and mentalities regarding its Nazi memory across generations, as reflected in Eva Menasse's Dunkelblum (2021). This novel is another of Menasse's critical observations of Austria's collective silence and distinctive processes of discarding, deforming, and depositing its Nazi history and memory. Exceeding the scope of family history and memory, Dunkelblum portrays how a fictive Austrian city on the country's border with Hungary functions as a witness and participant of the Nazi Holocaust and a potential recorder of the memory. The novel also discloses and analyzes Austria's complex and controversial phases of denial, evasion, and subsequent acknowledgment of its deeds in the Nazi Holocaust. Different from the war generation, a new generation retrieves, preserves, and transmits the local memory through diverse mnemonic techniques and thus explores the collaboration, silence, and agony of its hometown and its nation during the Nazi regime.
{"title":"Austrian memory to be discarded, deformed and deposited: An analysis of Eva Menasse's Dunkelblum","authors":"Xiaohua Jiang","doi":"10.1111/oli.12416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oli.12416","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of memory studies, this paper analyzes the unique Austrian mechanisms and mentalities regarding its Nazi memory across generations, as reflected in Eva Menasse's Dunkelblum (2021). This novel is another of Menasse's critical observations of Austria's collective silence and distinctive processes of discarding, deforming, and depositing its Nazi history and memory. Exceeding the scope of family history and memory, Dunkelblum portrays how a fictive Austrian city on the country's border with Hungary functions as a witness and participant of the Nazi Holocaust and a potential recorder of the memory. The novel also discloses and analyzes Austria's complex and controversial phases of denial, evasion, and subsequent acknowledgment of its deeds in the Nazi Holocaust. Different from the war generation, a new generation retrieves, preserves, and transmits the local memory through diverse mnemonic techniques and thus explores the collaboration, silence, and agony of its hometown and its nation during the Nazi regime.","PeriodicalId":42582,"journal":{"name":"ORBIS LITTERARUM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44858081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goddess Isis continues to be an influential figure for the notion of the Divine Feminine in contemporary esoteric and popular thought. However, looking back into the history of modern esotericism, the image of the goddess Isis has been used by Theosophists such as Florence Farr and Frances Swiney to argue for their feminist and more importantly eugenic interpretations of the power of that goddess. This article examines the writings of these two Theosophists together to highlight the eugenics aspects of their vision of Isis as the perfect mother and the superwoman. Through this, Isis became a symbol for a specific gendered aspect of religious eugenics by changing the meaning of the Divine Feminine. This is one of the roots of contemporary Isis interpretations leading to a prevalent idea of fertility and the gendered divine.
{"title":"Eugenic appropriations of the goddess Isis: Reproduction and racial superiority in theosophical feminist writings","authors":"Jessica A. Albrecht","doi":"10.1111/oli.12419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oli.12419","url":null,"abstract":"The goddess Isis continues to be an influential figure for the notion of the Divine Feminine in contemporary esoteric and popular thought. However, looking back into the history of modern esotericism, the image of the goddess Isis has been used by Theosophists such as Florence Farr and Frances Swiney to argue for their feminist and more importantly eugenic interpretations of the power of that goddess. This article examines the writings of these two Theosophists together to highlight the eugenics aspects of their vision of Isis as the perfect mother and the superwoman. Through this, Isis became a symbol for a specific gendered aspect of religious eugenics by changing the meaning of the Divine Feminine. This is one of the roots of contemporary Isis interpretations leading to a prevalent idea of fertility and the gendered divine.","PeriodicalId":42582,"journal":{"name":"ORBIS LITTERARUM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46100150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the broad popularity of Britain's imperial project in the 1920s (among Britons), fears of native fecundity coupled with burgeoning support for the “science” of eugenics fomented a cultural discourse keen to bolster British claims to inherent superiority, and thus, to a legitimacy of their colonial aims. Egypt was a prime literary setting for teasing at various aspects of the concept of the colony: the early heights to which their civilization grew, the wave of Egyptmania sweeping Europe in the nneteenth and twentieth centuries, the contemporaneous political situation, and the local birthrate all contributed to Egypt as an apt setting from which to critique colonialism. Meanwhile, Egypt's enigmatic aura meant it lent itself well to the genre of the supernatural, prone to probing at the horrors of the colonizing project. Within this framework, Margery Lawrence's 1925/6 short story “The Curse of the Stillborn” offers a unique perspective on eugenic discourse and the imperial project. While maintaining certain elements of a eugenic discourse “The Curse of the Stillborn” warns of the scars awaiting those who would dare interfere in the instinctive, ancient burial rites of the colonized subjects.
尽管20世纪20年代英国的帝国计划（在英国人中）广受欢迎，但对本土生育能力的担忧，加上对优生学“科学”的迅速支持，引发了一种文化话语，热衷于支持英国人对固有优越性的主张，从而支持其殖民目标的合法性。埃及是调侃殖民地概念各个方面的主要文学背景：他们文明发展的早期高度、14世纪和20世纪席卷欧洲的埃及狂热浪潮、当时的政治局势和当地的出生率，都使埃及成为批判殖民主义的合适背景。与此同时，埃及神秘的光环意味着它很适合超自然的类型，倾向于探究殖民项目的恐怖。在这个框架下，Margery Lawrence 1925/6年的短篇小说《Stillborn的诅咒》为优生学话语和帝国计划提供了一个独特的视角。在保留优生学话语的某些元素的同时，《Stillborn的诅咒》警告说，那些敢于干涉殖民地臣民本能的古代埋葬仪式的人会留下伤痕。
{"title":"“The Curse of the Stillborn”: Margery Lawrence's Egyptian troubling of imperial eugenics","authors":"Leanne Rae Darnbrough","doi":"10.1111/oli.12415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oli.12415","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the broad popularity of Britain's imperial project in the 1920s (among Britons), fears of native fecundity coupled with burgeoning support for the “science” of eugenics fomented a cultural discourse keen to bolster British claims to inherent superiority, and thus, to a legitimacy of their colonial aims. Egypt was a prime literary setting for teasing at various aspects of the concept of the colony: the early heights to which their civilization grew, the wave of Egyptmania sweeping Europe in the nneteenth and twentieth centuries, the contemporaneous political situation, and the local birthrate all contributed to Egypt as an apt setting from which to critique colonialism. Meanwhile, Egypt's enigmatic aura meant it lent itself well to the genre of the supernatural, prone to probing at the horrors of the colonizing project. Within this framework, Margery Lawrence's 1925/6 short story “The Curse of the Stillborn” offers a unique perspective on eugenic discourse and the imperial project. While maintaining certain elements of a eugenic discourse “The Curse of the Stillborn” warns of the scars awaiting those who would dare interfere in the instinctive, ancient burial rites of the colonized subjects.","PeriodicalId":42582,"journal":{"name":"ORBIS LITTERARUM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48512930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anastasia Ladefoged Larn, Ross Deans Kristensen‐McLachlan
{"title":"What is a protagonist?","authors":"Anastasia Ladefoged Larn, Ross Deans Kristensen‐McLachlan","doi":"10.1111/oli.12395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oli.12395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42582,"journal":{"name":"ORBIS LITTERARUM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48155602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing access to ephemeral prints: How to construct and analyze a dataset from the Golden Age of literature in nineteenth‐century Denmark","authors":"Holger Berg","doi":"10.1111/oli.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oli.12397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42582,"journal":{"name":"ORBIS LITTERARUM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43310826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hye‐Knudsen, R. Kristensen-McLachlan, Mathias Clasen
{"title":"How Stephen King writes and why: Language, immersion, emotion","authors":"M. Hye‐Knudsen, R. Kristensen-McLachlan, Mathias Clasen","doi":"10.1111/oli.12401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oli.12401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42582,"journal":{"name":"ORBIS LITTERARUM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44942477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep distant reading: The rise of realism in Scandinavian literature as a case study","authors":"Jens Bjerring-Hansen, Matthew Wilkens","doi":"10.1111/oli.12396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oli.12396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42582,"journal":{"name":"ORBIS LITTERARUM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47486272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embedded mental states in Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief and uneven distribution of narratorial attention","authors":"Haifeng Hui","doi":"10.1111/oli.12405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oli.12405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42582,"journal":{"name":"ORBIS LITTERARUM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45770440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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