Sila Caglayan Topal, N. Ozmeric, Serenay Elgun, B. Baloş Tuncer
The objectives of the study were to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers during a rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Fourteen patients were treated with an acrylic RME device, and after treatment, all were followed for 3 months. Saliva samples were collected before activation (baseline), 1st, 10th days after the first activation, and after retention. Periodontal indexes were recorded at baseline and after retention. Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. NO levels were elevated on the 10th day compared to baseline (P < 0.01), revealing a decrease after retention (P < 0.01). MDA levels were increased on the 10th day and after retention periods compared to baseline (P < 0.01, respectively). Both plaque and gingival indexes increased after retention relative to baseline (P < 0.01, respectively). Initial stages of orthopedic force increased salivary oxidative stress biomarkers. Long-term results showed decreased levels of NO, but still high MDA levels. The initially increased NO expression decreased after retention, despite the increase in microbial load at this period which might show the effect of mechanical stimuli to be more effective than the microbial load. MDA levels remained at high levels during the post-retention period, arising a possible consideration for the impact of material properties or deficiencies of oral hygiene. Future long-term evaluations for oxidative stress status and orthodontic appliances would be useful.
{"title":"Salivary oxidative stress during and after rapid maxillary expansion","authors":"Sila Caglayan Topal, N. Ozmeric, Serenay Elgun, B. Baloş Tuncer","doi":"10.25259/apos_137_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_137_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The objectives of the study were to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers during a rapid maxillary expansion (RME).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Fourteen patients were treated with an acrylic RME device, and after treatment, all were followed for 3 months. Saliva samples were collected before activation (baseline), 1st, 10th days after the first activation, and after retention. Periodontal indexes were recorded at baseline and after retention. Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000NO levels were elevated on the 10th day compared to baseline (P < 0.01), revealing a decrease after retention (P < 0.01). MDA levels were increased on the 10th day and after retention periods compared to baseline (P < 0.01, respectively). Both plaque and gingival indexes increased after retention relative to baseline (P < 0.01, respectively).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Initial stages of orthopedic force increased salivary oxidative stress biomarkers. Long-term results showed decreased levels of NO, but still high MDA levels. The initially increased NO expression decreased after retention, despite the increase in microbial load at this period which might show the effect of mechanical stimuli to be more effective than the microbial load. MDA levels remained at high levels during the post-retention period, arising a possible consideration for the impact of material properties or deficiencies of oral hygiene. Future long-term evaluations for oxidative stress status and orthodontic appliances would be useful.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80135394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It shows that patients receiving orthodontic treatment may have a risk of developing temporomandibular disorder symptoms. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in the chewing system of occlusal contact parameters related to joint vibrations, chewing patterns, and measured excursive movements in fixed and non-extractive orthodontic treatments. A total of 43 individuals with premolar extraction (n = 23) and without extraction (n = 20) who applied to the Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry Faculty of Istanbul Aydin University and needed orthodontic treatment were included in the study. In this study, 43 active fixed orthodontic treatment patients were conducted at the beginning (T0) and 6th month (T1) and 12th month (T2) on the parameter recorded during chewing. For occlusion analysis, T-Scan® computerized occlusion analysis recording and examination of the chewing pattern were used for JVA and JT temporomandibular joint parameters. Depending on whether the data showed normal distribution or not, differences between groups were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney or independent t-test, and intragroup differences were evaluated using the Wilcoxon sign test or paired t-test. At the beginning, 6th month and 12th month of orthodontic treatment, it was observed that the opening, closing, and occlusion times and joint vibration frequencies in the chewing pattern in cases with and without tooth extraction, the integral value differences of total integral, and frequencies below 300 Hz and above 300 Hz were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In digital occlusion analysis values, the right-left differences were not found statistically significant in the measurements made in cases with and without extraction (P > 0.05), while there were statistically significant differences in disclusion values at the beginning, 6th and 12th months (P < 0.05). At the beginning of the orthodontic treatments with or without extraction, it was observed that the values at the joint level changed significantly in the 6th month. However, the changes in the joints during the treatment, when they return to their ideal values at the end of the 12th month, are more than the change in occlusion.
{"title":"Examination of chewing performance with extraction and non-extraction fixed orthodontic treatment – A prospective clinical 1-year study","authors":"Serdar Gözler, S. Sadry","doi":"10.25259/apos_19_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_19_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000It shows that patients receiving orthodontic treatment may have a risk of developing temporomandibular disorder symptoms. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in the chewing system of occlusal contact parameters related to joint vibrations, chewing patterns, and measured excursive movements in fixed and non-extractive orthodontic treatments.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 43 individuals with premolar extraction (n = 23) and without extraction (n = 20) who applied to the Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry Faculty of Istanbul Aydin University and needed orthodontic treatment were included in the study. In this study, 43 active fixed orthodontic treatment patients were conducted at the beginning (T0) and 6th month (T1) and 12th month (T2) on the parameter recorded during chewing. For occlusion analysis, T-Scan® computerized occlusion analysis recording and examination of the chewing pattern were used for JVA and JT temporomandibular joint parameters. Depending on whether the data showed normal distribution or not, differences between groups were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney or independent t-test, and intragroup differences were evaluated using the Wilcoxon sign test or paired t-test.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000At the beginning, 6th month and 12th month of orthodontic treatment, it was observed that the opening, closing, and occlusion times and joint vibration frequencies in the chewing pattern in cases with and without tooth extraction, the integral value differences of total integral, and frequencies below 300 Hz and above 300 Hz were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In digital occlusion analysis values, the right-left differences were not found statistically significant in the measurements made in cases with and without extraction (P > 0.05), while there were statistically significant differences in disclusion values at the beginning, 6th and 12th months (P < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000At the beginning of the orthodontic treatments with or without extraction, it was observed that the values at the joint level changed significantly in the 6th month. However, the changes in the joints during the treatment, when they return to their ideal values at the end of the 12th month, are more than the change in occlusion.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"12 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77582099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to identify and evaluate changes in the cephalometric position of Point A due to an incisal inclination change caused by orthodontic treatment in non-growing Class II division 2 patients. A total of 24 pairs of consecutive pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were systematically collected from the departmental database and hand traced. The total change in the position of Point A was investigated by superimposing pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms at a stable basicranial line. The treatment changes in maxillary incisor inclination, the sagittal position of Point A, SNA angle, movement of incisor root apex, and incisal edge were calculated. The mean SNA angle was reduced significantly suggesting that the A point had moved backward solely due to orthodontic remodeling. Point A distance to true vertical was reduced significantly (mean 1.2 mm), suggesting that local remodeling has occurred due to orthodontic treatment. The incisal edge also moved forward significantly (mean 2.6 mm). The apex of the upper incisor moved significantly backward as a result of its counterclockwise rotation (mean 3.2 mm). The upper incisor to palatal plane values also showed a highly significant change in inclination of the upper incisors (mean 12.30). Counter-clockwise rotation of the upper incisor causing its root apex to move more palatally makes remodeling changes in Point A in the form of its retraction roughly by one-third the amount of the backward movement of the upper incisors’ root apex. Moreover, it can be inferred that the retraction of Point A in millimeters will roughly be equal to the reduction in SNA angle in degrees.
{"title":"Effect of proclination of the upper incisors on Point A in adult Class II division 2 individuals: A cephalometric study","authors":"A. T. Prakash, Mohammad Zoheb, S. Priyanka","doi":"10.25259/apos_26_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_26_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The study aimed to identify and evaluate changes in the cephalometric position of Point A due to an incisal inclination change caused by orthodontic treatment in non-growing Class II division 2 patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 24 pairs of consecutive pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were systematically collected from the departmental database and hand traced. The total change in the position of Point A was investigated by superimposing pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms at a stable basicranial line. The treatment changes in maxillary incisor inclination, the sagittal position of Point A, SNA angle, movement of incisor root apex, and incisal edge were calculated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean SNA angle was reduced significantly suggesting that the A point had moved backward solely due to orthodontic remodeling. Point A distance to true vertical was reduced significantly (mean 1.2 mm), suggesting that local remodeling has occurred due to orthodontic treatment. The incisal edge also moved forward significantly (mean 2.6 mm). The apex of the upper incisor moved significantly backward as a result of its counterclockwise rotation (mean 3.2 mm). The upper incisor to palatal plane values also showed a highly significant change in inclination of the upper incisors (mean 12.30).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Counter-clockwise rotation of the upper incisor causing its root apex to move more palatally makes remodeling changes in Point A in the form of its retraction roughly by one-third the amount of the backward movement of the upper incisors’ root apex. Moreover, it can be inferred that the retraction of Point A in millimeters will roughly be equal to the reduction in SNA angle in degrees.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86868238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Landmark identification is of utmost importance in cephalometric analysis but it turns out to be the main source of error. With modern inventions in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), it becomes essential to assess the reliability of computer-automated programs. A greater deal of time can be conserved with fully automated programs such as WebCeph, which uses an AI-based algorithm that performs automated and immediate cephalometric analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and duration of tracing cephalometric radiographs with WebCeph, an AI-based software in comparison to digital tracing with FACAD and manual tracing. The null hypothesis proposed is that there is no statistically significant difference among the three methods with regard to accuracy of cephalometric analysis. Pre-treatment cephalometric radiographs of 25 patients (14 males and 11 females, mean age of 18 ± 3.2 years) were selected randomly from the dental information archiving software of Saveetha University, Department of Orthodontics, Chennai. Composite analysis with skeletal, dental and soft-tissue parameters was selected and cephalometric analysis was done with all three methods – Manual tracing (Group 1), digital tracing using FACAD (Group 2), and fully automated AI-based software WebCeph (Group 3). The timing for each method of analysis was calculated using a stopwatch in seconds. Values were tabulated in an Excel sheet and statistical analysis including one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test were performed. No statistically significant difference was found between the three methods for cephalometric analysis, P > 0.05. The time taken for measurement using the three different methods was the least while using WebCeph (30.2 ± 6.4 s) and the maximum while manual tracing (472 ± 40.4 s). WebCeph is a reliable, faster and practical tool for analyzing cephalometric analysis in comparison to digital tracing using FACAD and manual tracing.
{"title":"Evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of WebCeph – An artificial intelligence-based online software","authors":"Deepika Katyal, Nivethigaa Balakrishnan","doi":"10.25259/apos_138_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_138_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Landmark identification is of utmost importance in cephalometric analysis but it turns out to be the main source of error. With modern inventions in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), it becomes essential to assess the reliability of computer-automated programs. A greater deal of time can be conserved with fully automated programs such as WebCeph, which uses an AI-based algorithm that performs automated and immediate cephalometric analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and duration of tracing cephalometric radiographs with WebCeph, an AI-based software in comparison to digital tracing with FACAD and manual tracing. The null hypothesis proposed is that there is no statistically significant difference among the three methods with regard to accuracy of cephalometric analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Pre-treatment cephalometric radiographs of 25 patients (14 males and 11 females, mean age of 18 ± 3.2 years) were selected randomly from the dental information archiving software of Saveetha University, Department of Orthodontics, Chennai. Composite analysis with skeletal, dental and soft-tissue parameters was selected and cephalometric analysis was done with all three methods – Manual tracing (Group 1), digital tracing using FACAD (Group 2), and fully automated AI-based software WebCeph (Group 3). The timing for each method of analysis was calculated using a stopwatch in seconds. Values were tabulated in an Excel sheet and statistical analysis including one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test were performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000No statistically significant difference was found between the three methods for cephalometric analysis, P > 0.05. The time taken for measurement using the three different methods was the least while using WebCeph (30.2 ± 6.4 s) and the maximum while manual tracing (472 ± 40.4 s).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000WebCeph is a reliable, faster and practical tool for analyzing cephalometric analysis in comparison to digital tracing using FACAD and manual tracing.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73925588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anindya Kamaratih, H. Ohmori, Misaki Aoyagi, Z. Kanno, T. Ono
The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between anterior open bite (AOB) malocclusion and digestion by evaluating mastication and gastric emptying (GE) of a solid meal. We recruited 26 female participants and divided them into two groups according to their occlusion status: The control group with normal occlusion (n = 11; age: 25.2 ± 2.8 years; and body mass index [BMI]: 21.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and the AOB group with AOB malocclusion (n = 15; age: 23.2 ± 5.5 years; BMI: 21.0 ± 1.6 kg/m2). GE, chewing, and occlusion were assessed simultaneously. A food questionnaire survey was also administered on the same day. A significant positive correlation was noted between open bite and the occlusal analysis findings. Negative correlations were found between the food questionnaire score and both the open bite and occlusal analysis findings, which confirmed that AOB affects mastication. However, no significant difference in the GE rate parameters was observed between the two groups. Adaptive mechanisms may have a compensatory effect on the GE rate. However, the lack of tooth contact in the anterior occlusal region resulted in reduced masticatory ability. Orthodontic treatment should thus be considered, regardless of the presence of digestive problems, to improve mastication.
{"title":"Gastric emptying rate of a solid meal in patients with anterior open bite malocclusion: A preliminary study","authors":"Anindya Kamaratih, H. Ohmori, Misaki Aoyagi, Z. Kanno, T. Ono","doi":"10.25259/apos_167_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_167_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between anterior open bite (AOB) malocclusion and digestion by evaluating mastication and gastric emptying (GE) of a solid meal.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We recruited 26 female participants and divided them into two groups according to their occlusion status: The control group with normal occlusion (n = 11; age: 25.2 ± 2.8 years; and body mass index [BMI]: 21.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and the AOB group with AOB malocclusion (n = 15; age: 23.2 ± 5.5 years; BMI: 21.0 ± 1.6 kg/m2). GE, chewing, and occlusion were assessed simultaneously. A food questionnaire survey was also administered on the same day.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A significant positive correlation was noted between open bite and the occlusal analysis findings. Negative correlations were found between the food questionnaire score and both the open bite and occlusal analysis findings, which confirmed that AOB affects mastication. However, no significant difference in the GE rate parameters was observed between the two groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Adaptive mechanisms may have a compensatory effect on the GE rate. However, the lack of tooth contact in the anterior occlusal region resulted in reduced masticatory ability. Orthodontic treatment should thus be considered, regardless of the presence of digestive problems, to improve mastication.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78625419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case report describes the treatment of a 15-year-old girl showing Angle’s Class II Division 1 malocclusion with maxillary prognathism and marked labial inclination of the maxillary anterior teeth, which was characterized by a large overjet, overjet occlusion, and mild crowding in the lower jaw. Our treatment completed without root resorption as a result of the combined use of a wire mechanism and anchors has rarely been reported before. The left and right maxillary first premolars were extracted, a temporary anchorage device (TAD) was used for space closure, and oral hygiene maintenance guidance was provided. The total treatment time was approximately 2 years and 7 months. Ideal overjet and overbite relationships were established, and the facial profile improved substantially. The 2-year follow-up assessment showed a morphologically and functionally stable result. For patients with marked maxillary prognathism, orthodontic treatment using TADs enables simultaneous and efficient maxillary anterior tooth retraction and reduction of overjet. Moreover, this treatment has the potential to shorten the treatment duration and contribute to the long-term stability of excessive overjet correction.
{"title":"A case of maxillary protrusion and excessive overjet treated successfully by implantation of a temporary anchorage device","authors":"Hitoshi Kawanabe, Shiori Oka, Kazunori Fukui","doi":"10.25259/apos_158_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_158_2021","url":null,"abstract":"This case report describes the treatment of a 15-year-old girl showing Angle’s Class II Division 1 malocclusion with maxillary prognathism and marked labial inclination of the maxillary anterior teeth, which was characterized by a large overjet, overjet occlusion, and mild crowding in the lower jaw. Our treatment completed without root resorption as a result of the combined use of a wire mechanism and anchors has rarely been reported before. The left and right maxillary first premolars were extracted, a temporary anchorage device (TAD) was used for space closure, and oral hygiene maintenance guidance was provided. The total treatment time was approximately 2 years and 7 months. Ideal overjet and overbite relationships were established, and the facial profile improved substantially. The 2-year follow-up assessment showed a morphologically and functionally stable result. For patients with marked maxillary prognathism, orthodontic treatment using TADs enables simultaneous and efficient maxillary anterior tooth retraction and reduction of overjet. Moreover, this treatment has the potential to shorten the treatment duration and contribute to the long-term stability of excessive overjet correction.","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76293553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The optimum adhesive thickness present between bracket base and tooth surface plays an important role in achieving ideal treatment outcome in straight wire technique. As thickness of adhesive largely depends on amount of force applied while bonding an orthodontic brackets on the tooth surface. Therefore, it becomes prudent to find direct and accurate method to quantify the bonding force. The aim of this paper was to describe the design and working of novel bracket positioning gauge with force sensor which directly quantifies the amount of bonding force applied by orthodontists. The present prototype is a bracket positioning gauge where load cell and vertical stopper blade are fixed on base platform. The force sensing blade attached to load cell detects the force applied and transmit to load cell which converts compressive force into an analogue signals. These inputs are then converted into digital signals for further processing. The prototype was tested five times by ten orthodontists for measuring bonding force while orthodontic brackets were bonded on extracted premolars. The same procedure was repeated after seven days to assess the reproducibility and reliability of prototype. The majority of orthodontists participated in present study applied bonding force between the ranges of 50-200 grams with the mean bonding force applied by participant orthodontists was similar in time interval of seven days with 134.67 grams and 132.76 grams respectively. The novel bracket positioning gauge with force sensor was able to measure compressive bonding force accurately and can aid in achieving optimum adhesive thickness for clinically acceptable bond strength. The present innovation needs further refinements to be more useful in clinical settings.
{"title":"A new device for measuring orthodontic compressive bonding force; a novel bracket positioning gauge with a force sensor","authors":"Mahesh Jain, Dolly Patel","doi":"10.25259/apos_182_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_182_2021","url":null,"abstract":"The optimum adhesive thickness present between bracket base and tooth surface plays an important role in achieving ideal treatment outcome in straight wire technique. As thickness of adhesive largely depends on amount of force applied while bonding an orthodontic brackets on the tooth surface. Therefore, it becomes prudent to find direct and accurate method to quantify the bonding force. The aim of this paper was to describe the design and working of novel bracket positioning gauge with force sensor which directly quantifies the amount of bonding force applied by orthodontists. The present prototype is a bracket positioning gauge where load cell and vertical stopper blade are fixed on base platform. The force sensing blade attached to load cell detects the force applied and transmit to load cell which converts compressive force into an analogue signals. These inputs are then converted into digital signals for further processing. The prototype was tested five times by ten orthodontists for measuring bonding force while orthodontic brackets were bonded on extracted premolars. The same procedure was repeated after seven days to assess the reproducibility and reliability of prototype. The majority of orthodontists participated in present study applied bonding force between the ranges of 50-200 grams with the mean bonding force applied by participant orthodontists was similar in time interval of seven days with 134.67 grams and 132.76 grams respectively. The novel bracket positioning gauge with force sensor was able to measure compressive bonding force accurately and can aid in achieving optimum adhesive thickness for clinically acceptable bond strength. The present innovation needs further refinements to be more useful in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87260836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the printing procedure and printing axis and its influence on the dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, porosity, and strength of 3D-printed dental alloys used in orthodontics prepared using binder jetting (BJ), electron beam melting (EBM), or selective laser melting (SLM). Specimens with a dimension of 50 mm × 12 mm were produced using BJ, EBM, and SLM techniques of dental alloys and were printed either along the X-, Y-, or Z-axis (n = 8 per group). Specimen dimension was chosen according to the ISO standard 6892-1 for tensile strength test specimens. Surface roughness parameters Sa, Sz, Sq, and Ssk were obtained using a 3D laser microscope and porosities were visualized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The specimen surfaces were optically scanned and volumetric deviations from the original stereolithography files were calculated. Afterward, tensile strength was measured. The printing method and printing axis significantly affected surface roughness parameters (P < 0.05). Overall, the lowest surface roughness Sa values were found for BJ (9.1 ± 3.4 µm) followed by SLM (39.8 ± 24.2 µm) and EBM (50.4 ± 6.4 µm). BJ showed the smallest dimensional deviation followed by EBM and SLM. SEM analysis revealed a porous structure of BJ while fewer pores were observed on EBM and SLM samples. The ultimate tensile strength was only determined for BJ (495 ± 6 MPa) and EBM (726 ± 50 MPa) as the strength of SLM superseded the strength of the holder of the universal testing machine. BJ printing provides the highest dimensional accuracy with the smoothest surfaces irrespective of the printing axis. However, the remaining porosities owed to this printing procedure may have decreased the strength of the material.
{"title":"Influence of printing procedure and printing axis of dental alloys on dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, and porosity","authors":"M. Berger, S. Graf, N. Rohr","doi":"10.25259/apos_27_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_27_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study aimed to evaluate the printing procedure and printing axis and its influence on the dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, porosity, and strength of 3D-printed dental alloys used in orthodontics prepared using binder jetting (BJ), electron beam melting (EBM), or selective laser melting (SLM).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Specimens with a dimension of 50 mm × 12 mm were produced using BJ, EBM, and SLM techniques of dental alloys and were printed either along the X-, Y-, or Z-axis (n = 8 per group). Specimen dimension was chosen according to the ISO standard 6892-1 for tensile strength test specimens. Surface roughness parameters Sa, Sz, Sq, and Ssk were obtained using a 3D laser microscope and porosities were visualized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The specimen surfaces were optically scanned and volumetric deviations from the original stereolithography files were calculated. Afterward, tensile strength was measured.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The printing method and printing axis significantly affected surface roughness parameters (P < 0.05). Overall, the lowest surface roughness Sa values were found for BJ (9.1 ± 3.4 µm) followed by SLM (39.8 ± 24.2 µm) and EBM (50.4 ± 6.4 µm). BJ showed the smallest dimensional deviation followed by EBM and SLM. SEM analysis revealed a porous structure of BJ while fewer pores were observed on EBM and SLM samples. The ultimate tensile strength was only determined for BJ (495 ± 6 MPa) and EBM (726 ± 50 MPa) as the strength of SLM superseded the strength of the holder of the universal testing machine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000BJ printing provides the highest dimensional accuracy with the smoothest surfaces irrespective of the printing axis. However, the remaining porosities owed to this printing procedure may have decreased the strength of the material.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83868757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Behroozian, Yashar Rezaei, Barham Ahmed Abdulkarim, S. F. Moghaddam
The study aimed to investigate the effect of the direction of light curing on bond strength and adhesive polymerization of orthodontic metal brackets. In this in vitro investigation, 75 extracted human upper premolars were randomly divided into three groups according to the curing direction: Group A (20 s curing from the occlusal side of the bracket), Group B (10 s from occlusal and 10 s from gingival), and Group C (5 s from four corners of the bracket). After bonding, the brackets were subjected to a shear bond strength (SBS) test performed with a universal testing machine. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used to find the polymerization ratio of the adhesives in each group. Kruskal–Wallis test was to statistical analysis of SBS and FTIR data, respectively, at the 0.05 level of significance. The difference in SBS of metal brackets was not statistically significant between the groups (P > 0.05). However, the difference in polymerization ratio was significant between all groups where the highest and lowest ratio belonged to Groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.05). Curing metal brackets from four corners do not increase their bond strength and/or polymerization.
{"title":"Contrary to an old belief, four corner curing does not provide more bond strength or polymerization in bonding of orthodontic metal brackets","authors":"Ahmad Behroozian, Yashar Rezaei, Barham Ahmed Abdulkarim, S. F. Moghaddam","doi":"10.25259/apos_18_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_18_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The study aimed to investigate the effect of the direction of light curing on bond strength and adhesive polymerization of orthodontic metal brackets.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this in vitro investigation, 75 extracted human upper premolars were randomly divided into three groups according to the curing direction: Group A (20 s curing from the occlusal side of the bracket), Group B (10 s from occlusal and 10 s from gingival), and Group C (5 s from four corners of the bracket). After bonding, the brackets were subjected to a shear bond strength (SBS) test performed with a universal testing machine. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used to find the polymerization ratio of the adhesives in each group. Kruskal–Wallis test was to statistical analysis of SBS and FTIR data, respectively, at the 0.05 level of significance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The difference in SBS of metal brackets was not statistically significant between the groups (P > 0.05). However, the difference in polymerization ratio was significant between all groups where the highest and lowest ratio belonged to Groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Curing metal brackets from four corners do not increase their bond strength and/or polymerization.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79649907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article shows a simple way to secure the distal end of flexible wires used in orthodontics.
这篇文章展示了一种简单的方法，以确保远端柔性线用于正畸。
{"title":"Double helix locker for poking wire","authors":"K. Mittal, Siddharth Mehta, K. Bajaj","doi":"10.25259/apos_8_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_8_2022","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows a simple way to secure the distal end of flexible wires used in orthodontics.","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85831983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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