Nivedita Sharma, S. Kannan, Nitin Arora, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Abhita Malhotra, P. Batra
Smile designing has become an essential part of dental training and a beautiful smile not only adds to the esthetics of the face but also conveys emotions and augments the self-esteem of an individual. A beautiful smile is achieved by well-balanced pink and white esthetics. This study was designed to evaluate the difference in perceptions of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons to alterations in gingival characteristics on smile. Smile images were modified intentionally to obtain the desired variations in gingival features such as color and contour of free gingival margins, inflammation, pigmentation, gingival margins with or without recession, zenith, and interdental papilla. A total of 51 images were rated by orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons using Q sort methodology. Variations in the position of free gingival margin with recession was most negatively ranked gingival factor by orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons followed by variations in the position of interdental papilla. Position of free gingival margin without a recession, color changes due to pigmentation, and inflammation were moderately ranked. Control images and altered gingival zenith images were most positively ranked. Bilateral changes were perceived more readily compared to unilateral in factors such as a black triangle, zenith position, pigmentation, inflammation, and recession. Orthodontists seem to be less tolerant in their evaluations in comparison to general dentists and laypersons. The findings of this study point toward a crucial fact that smile designing should focus on parameters that are perceived readily by the public in general.
{"title":"Comparison between orthodontist, general dentist, and layperson in the perception of pink esthetics on smile: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Nivedita Sharma, S. Kannan, Nitin Arora, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Abhita Malhotra, P. Batra","doi":"10.25259/apos_9_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_9_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Smile designing has become an essential part of dental training and a beautiful smile not only adds to the esthetics of the face but also conveys emotions and augments the self-esteem of an individual. A beautiful smile is achieved by well-balanced pink and white esthetics. This study was designed to evaluate the difference in perceptions of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons to alterations in gingival characteristics on smile.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Smile images were modified intentionally to obtain the desired variations in gingival features such as color and contour of free gingival margins, inflammation, pigmentation, gingival margins with or without recession, zenith, and interdental papilla. A total of 51 images were rated by orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons using Q sort methodology.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Variations in the position of free gingival margin with recession was most negatively ranked gingival factor by orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons followed by variations in the position of interdental papilla. Position of free gingival margin without a recession, color changes due to pigmentation, and inflammation were moderately ranked. Control images and altered gingival zenith images were most positively ranked. Bilateral changes were perceived more readily compared to unilateral in factors such as a black triangle, zenith position, pigmentation, inflammation, and recession.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Orthodontists seem to be less tolerant in their evaluations in comparison to general dentists and laypersons. The findings of this study point toward a crucial fact that smile designing should focus on parameters that are perceived readily by the public in general.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"38 150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83263286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ngan, Joanna Song, Jun Xiang, Hong He, Chris A. Martin, B. Weaver
The purpose of this study was to assess the volumetric changes in the nasal and pharyngeal airway volume in patients with maxillary transverse deficiency treated with miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) appliances. The pre- and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography scans of 20 subjects who underwent treatment with the MARPE appliance as part of their orthodontic treatment were included in the study. Pre- and post-expansion airway volume measurements of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx were measured. Linear measurements of the skeletal structures surrounding the nasal cavity were taken to assess the pattern of airway expansion. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate nasal and pharyngeal airway volume changes with expansion. Pearson correlation test was utilized to assess the relationship between nasal and pharyngeal volume changes. A total of 17 out of 20 samples had a successful split of the mid-palatal sutures. A significant increase in nasal airway volume (12.0%) was found post-expansion. In addition, a significant increase in linear measurements of the nasal cavity base width in the frontal plane (7.1%) and both the anterior and posterior widths in the transverse dimension (9.4% and 3.4%, respectively) were found. Significant positive correlations were found between airway volumes and increase in width of the maxillary expansion appliance. The effects of maxillary expansion with a MARPE appliance include an increase in nasal cavity volume, but not the nasopharyngeal and the oropharyngeal airway volume. The nasal cavity expands in a triangular pattern in both the frontal and transverse dimensions following orthopedic expansion with the MARPE appliance. Increase in airway volume is a result of the increase in width of the maxillary expansion appliance.
{"title":"Changes in the nasal and pharyngeal airway volume with miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion appliances","authors":"P. Ngan, Joanna Song, Jun Xiang, Hong He, Chris A. Martin, B. Weaver","doi":"10.25259/apos_175_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_175_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The purpose of this study was to assess the volumetric changes in the nasal and pharyngeal airway volume in patients with maxillary transverse deficiency treated with miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) appliances.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The pre- and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography scans of 20 subjects who underwent treatment with the MARPE appliance as part of their orthodontic treatment were included in the study. Pre- and post-expansion airway volume measurements of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx were measured. Linear measurements of the skeletal structures surrounding the nasal cavity were taken to assess the pattern of airway expansion. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate nasal and pharyngeal airway volume changes with expansion. Pearson correlation test was utilized to assess the relationship between nasal and pharyngeal volume changes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 17 out of 20 samples had a successful split of the mid-palatal sutures. A significant increase in nasal airway volume (12.0%) was found post-expansion. In addition, a significant increase in linear measurements of the nasal cavity base width in the frontal plane (7.1%) and both the anterior and posterior widths in the transverse dimension (9.4% and 3.4%, respectively) were found. Significant positive correlations were found between airway volumes and increase in width of the maxillary expansion appliance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The effects of maxillary expansion with a MARPE appliance include an increase in nasal cavity volume, but not the nasopharyngeal and the oropharyngeal airway volume. The nasal cavity expands in a triangular pattern in both the frontal and transverse dimensions following orthopedic expansion with the MARPE appliance. Increase in airway volume is a result of the increase in width of the maxillary expansion appliance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81975999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghrelin is a key regulator of food intake and is considered a hunger hormone that affects cognition, memory, glucose metabolism, and antidepressant effects. Altered occlusion, such as a loss of molars, has been thought to retard digestive function. However, the association between occlusion and digestive function remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of bilateral maxillary molar extraction on the gastrointestinal mucosa of growing rats and the expression of ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Twenty-four male 5-week-old Wistar rats were divided into control (CON) and experimental (EXP) groups (n = 12/group). The rats in the EXP group underwent extraction of the bilateral maxillary first, second, and third molars under general anesthesia. Rats in the CON group underwent a sham operation. All rats in both the CON and EXP groups were fed a powder diet and water ad libitum. The body weight of all rats was monitored throughout the EXP period. Rats in both the CON and EXP groups were euthanized on days 14 and 28, and the stomachs were isolated and subjected to histological analysis. Paraffin serial sections were prepared using a microtome for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining using anti-ghrelin and anti-GHSR antibodies. The distribution and expression of ghrelin-immunopositive and GHSR cells were detected and observed under a light microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using t-tests (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in body weight between the CON and EXP groups throughout the EXP period. Histological analysis showed that the area of the submucosa (ASM), and the number of ghrelinimmunopositive cells were significantly decreased in the EXP group compared with the CON group on day 14. Alternatively, there was no significant difference in the ASM and the number of ghrelin-immunopositive cells between the CON and EXP groups on day 28, whereas the number of ghrelin receptors showed no differences across groups. Furthermore, the number of eosinophilic blood cells significantly increased in the EXP group on days 14 and 28. Our findings suggest that bilateral maxillary molar extraction may trigger stomach mucosal changes and alter digestive function through ghrelin expression in rats. This is the first report that occlusal deficiency could alter ghrelin expression in the mucosa of the rat stomach, thus raising concerns about the consequential role of ghrelin.
{"title":"Molar extraction alters gastric mucosa and ghrelin expression in rat stomach: A preliminary study","authors":"Shahriar Mohd Shams, I. Watari, Eri Saito, T. Ono","doi":"10.25259/apos_133_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_133_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Ghrelin is a key regulator of food intake and is considered a hunger hormone that affects cognition, memory, glucose metabolism, and antidepressant effects. Altered occlusion, such as a loss of molars, has been thought to retard digestive function. However, the association between occlusion and digestive function remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of bilateral maxillary molar extraction on the gastrointestinal mucosa of growing rats and the expression of ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Twenty-four male 5-week-old Wistar rats were divided into control (CON) and experimental (EXP) groups (n = 12/group). The rats in the EXP group underwent extraction of the bilateral maxillary first, second, and third molars under general anesthesia. Rats in the CON group underwent a sham operation. All rats in both the CON and EXP groups were fed a powder diet and water ad libitum. The body weight of all rats was monitored throughout the EXP period. Rats in both the CON and EXP groups were euthanized on days 14 and 28, and the stomachs were isolated and subjected to histological analysis. Paraffin serial sections were prepared using a microtome for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining using anti-ghrelin and anti-GHSR antibodies. The distribution and expression of ghrelin-immunopositive and GHSR cells were detected and observed under a light microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using t-tests (P < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There were no significant differences in body weight between the CON and EXP groups throughout the EXP period. Histological analysis showed that the area of the submucosa (ASM), and the number of ghrelinimmunopositive cells were significantly decreased in the EXP group compared with the CON group on day 14. Alternatively, there was no significant difference in the ASM and the number of ghrelin-immunopositive cells between the CON and EXP groups on day 28, whereas the number of ghrelin receptors showed no differences across groups. Furthermore, the number of eosinophilic blood cells significantly increased in the EXP group on days 14 and 28.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our findings suggest that bilateral maxillary molar extraction may trigger stomach mucosal changes and alter digestive function through ghrelin expression in rats. This is the first report that occlusal deficiency could alter ghrelin expression in the mucosa of the rat stomach, thus raising concerns about the consequential role of ghrelin.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78215408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jaw bone/face instead of occlusion first concept in treating Class III growing patients","authors":"E. Liou","doi":"10.25259/apos_71_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_71_2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89519062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lokamithra Ragunanthanan, U. Maheshwari, Devaki Vijayalakshmi
The main intent of the study was to evaluate and compare the occlusal bite forces after settling between conventional and modified thermoplastic retainer groups using T-Scan. This study comprised a total of 20 patients, who approached the retention phase after completion of fixed orthodontic therapy. After debonding (T0), occlusal analysis using the T-Scan system was done at centric occlusion. Group I (control) – 10 patients received the conventional thermoplastic retainer and Group II (experimental) – 10 patients received the modified thermoplastic retainer. Patients were instructed to wear the retainer continuously for 6 months except while eating and brushing. T-scan analysis after 6 months (T6) was done to evaluate the changes in occlusal bite forces. The obtained data were evaluated using STATA/IC software version 16.1 at a predetermined probability value of 0.05 which was considered significant. The result obtained from this study was suggestive of significant improvement in bite force levels at centric occlusion in the modified thermoplastic group compared with the conventional group. Comparing the right (P < 0.17) and left (P < 0.01) posterior region, there was significant increase on the left side. A significant increase at maximum centric occlusion (P < 0.01) was seen in the region of the first molars. The anterior region did not show any improvement (P < 0.62) after 6 months of retention. Partial coverage of thermoplastic retainer significantly improves the occlusal contacts and force levels. The maximum change was seen in the posterior region and the minimum change in the anterior region at centric occlusion.
{"title":"Comparison of settling of occlusion in modified and full coverage thermoplastic retainers using T-scan","authors":"Lokamithra Ragunanthanan, U. Maheshwari, Devaki Vijayalakshmi","doi":"10.25259/apos_107_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_107_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The main intent of the study was to evaluate and compare the occlusal bite forces after settling between conventional and modified thermoplastic retainer groups using T-Scan.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study comprised a total of 20 patients, who approached the retention phase after completion of fixed orthodontic therapy. After debonding (T0), occlusal analysis using the T-Scan system was done at centric occlusion. Group I (control) – 10 patients received the conventional thermoplastic retainer and Group II (experimental) – 10 patients received the modified thermoplastic retainer. Patients were instructed to wear the retainer continuously for 6 months except while eating and brushing. T-scan analysis after 6 months (T6) was done to evaluate the changes in occlusal bite forces. The obtained data were evaluated using STATA/IC software version 16.1 at a predetermined probability value of 0.05 which was considered significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The result obtained from this study was suggestive of significant improvement in bite force levels at centric occlusion in the modified thermoplastic group compared with the conventional group. Comparing the right (P < 0.17) and left (P < 0.01) posterior region, there was significant increase on the left side. A significant increase at maximum centric occlusion (P < 0.01) was seen in the region of the first molars. The anterior region did not show any improvement (P < 0.62) after 6 months of retention.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Partial coverage of thermoplastic retainer significantly improves the occlusal contacts and force levels. The maximum change was seen in the posterior region and the minimum change in the anterior region at centric occlusion.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88353255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swapnil Prakash Mangwade, Santosh J. Chavan, W. Bhad
Over the past two decades, magnets have been used in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics and various attempts have been made to evaluate the biological implications of magnets and magnetic fields. This systematic review aims to provide a detailed comparison between magnetic mandibular repositioning appliances and non-magnetic twin blocks on mandibular growth modification. The objective was to evaluate the treatment duration and effects of magnetic mandibular repositioning appliances and non-magnetic twin block in growing children with skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism. Literature search of electronic databases and additional manual search was done till June 2021. Randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs), non-randomized CCTs, case reports, case series, and retrospective clinical trials in which magnetic appliances and non-magnetic twin blocks were used for the correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion are included in the present review. Correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion was achieved in a shorter treatment duration with magnetic mandibular repositioning appliances. Similar dental and skeletal effects were observed with both the appliances; however, maxillary restraining effect and reduced mandibular incisor proclination was evident with magnetic mandibular repositioning appliances. Magnetic appliance is proven to be more effective in correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism and maxillary prognathism with proclined lower incisors. This systematic review was registered on Prospero with registration number CRD42020165297.
{"title":"Comparison of the treatment duration and effects of magnetic mandibular repositioning appliances and non-magnetic twin block in the treatment of growing patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism – A systematic review","authors":"Swapnil Prakash Mangwade, Santosh J. Chavan, W. Bhad","doi":"10.25259/apos_128_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_128_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, magnets have been used in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics and various attempts have been made to evaluate the biological implications of magnets and magnetic fields. This systematic review aims to provide a detailed comparison between magnetic mandibular repositioning appliances and non-magnetic twin blocks on mandibular growth modification. The objective was to evaluate the treatment duration and effects of magnetic mandibular repositioning appliances and non-magnetic twin block in growing children with skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism. Literature search of electronic databases and additional manual search was done till June 2021. Randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs), non-randomized CCTs, case reports, case series, and retrospective clinical trials in which magnetic appliances and non-magnetic twin blocks were used for the correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion are included in the present review. Correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion was achieved in a shorter treatment duration with magnetic mandibular repositioning appliances. Similar dental and skeletal effects were observed with both the appliances; however, maxillary restraining effect and reduced mandibular incisor proclination was evident with magnetic mandibular repositioning appliances. Magnetic appliance is proven to be more effective in correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism and maxillary prognathism with proclined lower incisors. This systematic review was registered on Prospero with registration number CRD42020165297.","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80683406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Almaqrami, P. Ngan, M. Alhammadi, M. A. A. Al-Somairi, Hui Xiong, H. Hong
Skeletally mature patients with transverse deficiency are best treated with surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (RPE) procedure. Recent studies have shown that microimplant-assisted RPE (MARPE) appliances can be effective in achieving skeletal expansion in young adults. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the skeletal and dental alveolar changes in response to treatment with MARPE appliances in three types of anteroposterior skeletal malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Seventy-eight subjects diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency and treated with the MARPE appliance (mean age of 22.9 ± 4.2 years) were divided into skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions with 26 subjects in each group. Pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans were used for superimposition to examine the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes following maxillary expansion treatment. Significant lateral separation of the maxilla was found at the levels of the nasal floor, interzygomatic bones, and the inferior palatine margin of the alveolar process (P < 0.05) in the whole sample. Most of the sagittal and vertical variables change significantly in the whole sample and each studied group separately. Intergroup comparisons revealed no significant differences among the three skeletal classes except for the left frontozygomatic angle, left maxillary inclination angle, and torque in the first and second premolars. In Class III patients, the maxilla moved forward significantly in most of the cases (eight of 26 cases) (0.88°, P < 0.05) and the mandible moved downward and backward improving the anteroposterior skeletal relationship. Significant differences were also found in the vertical measurements (N-Me, MMP, and MP/SN, P < 0.05) in all three types of anteroposterior malocclusions. Maxillary expansion with the MARPE appliance in young adult patients induced different skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions in each skeletal malocclusion with no significant difference among the three skeletal classes.
骨骼成熟的横向缺陷患者最好的治疗方法是手术辅助快速腭扩张(RPE)手术。最近的研究表明，微植入辅助RPE (MARPE)器具可以有效地实现年轻人的骨骼扩张。本回顾性研究旨在利用锥束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)评估在三种类型的前后骨骼错颌中使用MARPE矫治器治疗后骨骼和牙槽的变化。采用MARPE矫治器治疗的上颌横向缺损患者78例(平均年龄22.9±4.2岁)，分为骨骼I、II、III类错颌，每组26例。治疗前和治疗后的CBCT扫描用于叠加检查上颌扩张治疗后骨骼和牙槽牙的变化。在鼻底、颧间骨和腭下缘牙槽突水平均有明显的上颌骨外侧分离(P < 0.05)。大多数矢状和垂直变量在整个样本和每个研究组中都发生了显著变化。组间比较显示，除了左额颧角、左上颌倾角和第一、第二前磨牙的扭矩外，三个骨骼类别间无显著差异。III类患者绝大多数(26例中8例)上颌明显前移(0.88°，P < 0.05)，下颌骨向下后移改善了前后骨骼关系。三种前后位错的垂直测量(N-Me、MMP和MP/SN, P < 0.05)也存在显著差异。年轻成人患者的MARPE矫治器上颌扩张在不同骨骼错颌中引起不同的骨骼和牙槽骨的前后和垂直尺寸变化，三种骨骼类型之间无显著差异。
{"title":"Three-dimensional craniofacial changes with maxillary expansion in young adult patients with different craniofacial morphology","authors":"B. Almaqrami, P. Ngan, M. Alhammadi, M. A. A. Al-Somairi, Hui Xiong, H. Hong","doi":"10.25259/apos_177_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_177_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Skeletally mature patients with transverse deficiency are best treated with surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (RPE) procedure. Recent studies have shown that microimplant-assisted RPE (MARPE) appliances can be effective in achieving skeletal expansion in young adults. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the skeletal and dental alveolar changes in response to treatment with MARPE appliances in three types of anteroposterior skeletal malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Seventy-eight subjects diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency and treated with the MARPE appliance (mean age of 22.9 ± 4.2 years) were divided into skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions with 26 subjects in each group. Pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans were used for superimposition to examine the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes following maxillary expansion treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Significant lateral separation of the maxilla was found at the levels of the nasal floor, interzygomatic bones, and the inferior palatine margin of the alveolar process (P < 0.05) in the whole sample. Most of the sagittal and vertical variables change significantly in the whole sample and each studied group separately. Intergroup comparisons revealed no significant differences among the three skeletal classes except for the left frontozygomatic angle, left maxillary inclination angle, and torque in the first and second premolars. In Class III patients, the maxilla moved forward significantly in most of the cases (eight of 26 cases) (0.88°, P < 0.05) and the mandible moved downward and backward improving the anteroposterior skeletal relationship. Significant differences were also found in the vertical measurements (N-Me, MMP, and MP/SN, P < 0.05) in all three types of anteroposterior malocclusions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Maxillary expansion with the MARPE appliance in young adult patients induced different skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions in each skeletal malocclusion with no significant difference among the three skeletal classes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74454440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kondody, Aishwarya A. Patil, G. Devika, Angeline Jose, Ashwath Kumar, Saumya G Nair
Over the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have revolutionized different healthcare branches, including dentistry. AI in a wider aspect means computers that mimic or behave like human intelligence whereas ML forms a part of AI and enables machines to increase their capabilities by the process of self-adapting algorithms. AI models’ basic principles or fundamentals are purely based on artificial neural networks or convolutional neural networks. This review focuses on giving a comprehensive and detailed explanation about AI and ML technology and their wide range of applications in various sections of orthodontic practice.
{"title":"Introduction to artificial intelligence and machine learning into orthodontics: A review","authors":"R. Kondody, Aishwarya A. Patil, G. Devika, Angeline Jose, Ashwath Kumar, Saumya G Nair","doi":"10.25259/apos_60_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_60_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have revolutionized different healthcare branches, including dentistry. AI in a wider aspect means computers that mimic or behave like human intelligence whereas ML forms a part of AI and enables machines to increase their capabilities by the process of self-adapting algorithms. AI models’ basic principles or fundamentals are purely based on artificial neural networks or convolutional neural networks. This review focuses on giving a comprehensive and detailed explanation about AI and ML technology and their wide range of applications in various sections of orthodontic practice.","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87375996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ameli, R. Ghorbani, Sanaz Asadi, Zahra Zarrinzade
Coating orthodontic brackets with metal nanoparticles seem to affect surface roughness and friction. We aim to compare the effects of coating brackets with copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silver hydroxyapatite (S-HAP) on friction between brackets and various sizes and materials of orthodontic wires. In this experimental study, we selected four groups of stainless steel (SS) brackets with eight orthodontic wires (SS and nickel-titanium [Niti]) in different sizes. Three groups were coated with CuO, TiO2, and S-HAP nanoparticles using dip coating. Then, we attached a 100 g weight to the wires and hung it from the universal testing machine. The wire passed through the brackets at a speed of 0.5 mm/min for 25 s. Finally, the friction between wires and brackets was compared using a two-way analysis of variance. The results showed that friction of brackets coated with TiO2 was significantly lower than S-HAP (P = 0.021) and did not differ significantly between CuO and the control (P = 1). Furthermore, friction between CuO brackets was not significantly different from other groups (P > 0.05). Niti round wires had significantly lower friction with all brackets compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch Niti wire (p< 0.05), which, in turn, showed significantly lower friction compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch stainless steel (SS) wire (P = 0.008). Coating brackets with TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles can reduce the friction Moreover, Niti round wires show the least friction compared to rectangular or SS wires with all types of brackets.
{"title":"Investigation of the effects of orthodontic brackets coated by silver hydroxyapatite, copper oxide, and titanium oxide nanoparticles on wire-bracket friction","authors":"N. Ameli, R. Ghorbani, Sanaz Asadi, Zahra Zarrinzade","doi":"10.25259/apos_105_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/apos_105_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Coating orthodontic brackets with metal nanoparticles seem to affect surface roughness and friction. We aim to compare the effects of coating brackets with copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silver hydroxyapatite (S-HAP) on friction between brackets and various sizes and materials of orthodontic wires.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this experimental study, we selected four groups of stainless steel (SS) brackets with eight orthodontic wires (SS and nickel-titanium [Niti]) in different sizes. Three groups were coated with CuO, TiO2, and S-HAP nanoparticles using dip coating. Then, we attached a 100 g weight to the wires and hung it from the universal testing machine. The wire passed through the brackets at a speed of 0.5 mm/min for 25 s. Finally, the friction between wires and brackets was compared using a two-way analysis of variance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results showed that friction of brackets coated with TiO2 was significantly lower than S-HAP (P = 0.021) and did not differ significantly between CuO and the control (P = 1). Furthermore, friction between CuO brackets was not significantly different from other groups (P > 0.05). Niti round wires had significantly lower friction with all brackets compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch Niti wire (p< 0.05), which, in turn, showed significantly lower friction compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch stainless steel (SS) wire (P = 0.008).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Coating brackets with TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles can reduce the friction Moreover, Niti round wires show the least friction compared to rectangular or SS wires with all types of brackets.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42593,"journal":{"name":"APOS Trends in Orthodontics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75503446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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