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Barron, Jerome A. Access to the Press — A New First Amendment Right, 80 Harv. Law Rev. 1641 (1967) Jerome A.Barron《新闻自由——新的第一修正案权利》,80 Harv。法律修订版1641(1967)
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1766311
Theodore L. Glasser
In the first few sentences of what one commentator described as an “arresting opening paragraph,” 1 Jerome Barron began his plea for a broader, affirmative reading of the First Amendment: There is ...
在一位评论员所描述的“引人注目的开场白”的前几句话中,1杰罗姆·巴伦开始呼吁对第一修正案进行更广泛、肯定的解读:有。。。
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引用次数: 0
Balkin, Jack M. The Future of Free Expression in a Digital Age, 36 Pepp. L. Rev. 707 (2009) 《数字时代自由表达的未来》,第36页。L.修订版707(2009)
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1765652
Jonathan R. Peters
In 2011 and 2012, when I was a Ph.D. student, I conducted an interview series about free expression issues for the Harvard Law & Policy Review. I talked with lawyers and scholars who had made indelible marks on how people thought about the First Amendment’s promise and limits. One of them was Jack M. Balkin, the Knight Professor of Constitutional Law and the First Amendment at Yale Law School. I asked him to identify, in the final days of 2011, the most serious threat to free expression. He gave me three, the first of which was “the structure of the Internet.” He said he was concerned about “how governments regulate it” and how they “use it to engage in surveillance,” and he said the implications were vast and serious because of the Internet’s standing as the “main conduit for many forms of expression.” Later, when I asked Balkin about Internet intermediaries and censorship, he said, “When we think about freedom of speech in a digital era, we’re thinking about a complex of institutions and technologies that make expression possible.”
2011年和2012年,当我还是一名博士生时,我为《哈佛法律与政策评论》做了一个关于言论自由问题的系列采访。我与律师和学者进行了交谈,他们在人们如何看待第一修正案的承诺和限制方面留下了不可磨灭的印记。其中之一是耶鲁大学法学院宪法与第一修正案骑士教授Jack M.Balkin。在2011年的最后几天,我请他找出对言论自由最严重的威胁。他给了我三个,第一个是“互联网的结构”。他说,他担心“政府如何监管它”以及他们如何“利用它进行监视”。他还说,由于互联网是“多种表达形式的主要渠道”,其影响是巨大而严重的。后来,当我问巴尔金关于互联网中介和审查制度的问题时,他说:“当我们想到数字时代的言论自由时,我们想到的是一个使表达成为可能的复杂机构和技术。”
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引用次数: 1
Ely, John Hart. Flag Desecration: A Case Study in the Roles of Categorization and Balancing in First Amendment Analysis, 88 Harv. L. Rev. 1482 (1975) 伊利,约翰·哈特。《美国宪法第一修正案分析中分类与平衡的作用》,1988年。L.修订1482 (1975)
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1766895
Genelle I. Belmas
John Hart Ely taught me how to be a legal scholar. I first encountered Ely in the late 1980s as an undergrad assigned his brilliant book on judicial interpretation, Democracy and Distrust. 1 I didn...
约翰·哈特·伊利教我如何成为一名法律学者。我第一次见到伊利是在20世纪80年代末,当时他还是一名大学生,被指派撰写他那本关于司法解释的杰出著作《民主与不信任》。
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引用次数: 0
Editor’s Note 编者按
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1765580
Joseph Russomanno, Kermit Hall, Lee Levine
This is the first of two issues of Communication Law and Policy celebrating the journal’s twenty-five years of publishing. Since the winter of 1996, CL&P has been dedicated to the important work of research and writing about communication law. That is a legacy worth celebrating. In volumes 1-24 (plus one-half of volume 25), CL&P has published 12,674 pages and 368 articles by 464 authors. Many law journals have published more pages, and more articles by more authors during comparable periods of time, but ours is still a good record. Indeed, when the journal was in its planning stages, some members of what was then the Law Division were skeptical about its chances of success. The division, they suggested, would have trouble finding enough quality material to fill each issue. Instead, CL&P has published important research from notable scholars, both inside and outside of the Law and Policy Division. The article that began on page 1 of the first issue of CL&P was written by Joseph Russomanno, which is not surprising – Joe has published fourteen articles in the journal. Only Matt Bunker, with twenty-one, has published more. The journal has
这是两期《传播法与政策》中的第一期,以庆祝该杂志出版25周年。自1996年冬季以来,中国律师事务所一直致力于传播法研究和写作的重要工作。这是一个值得庆祝的遗产。在第1-24卷(加上第25卷的一半)中,CL&P出版了12674页,368篇文章,作者464人。在可比的时间段内,许多法律期刊发表了更多的页面,更多作者发表了更多文章,但我们的期刊仍然是一个良好的记录。事实上,当该杂志处于规划阶段时,当时的法律部门的一些成员对其成功的机会持怀疑态度。他们表示,该部门将很难找到足够的优质材料来填补每一个问题。相反,CL&P发表了法律和政策部内外著名学者的重要研究。这篇文章开始于《CL&P》第一期的第1页,作者是Joseph Russomano,这并不奇怪——Joe在该杂志上发表了14篇文章。只有21岁的马特·邦克出版了更多的书。该日志具有
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引用次数: 0
Kalven Jr., Harry. The New York Times Case: A Note on “The Central Meaning of the First Amendment,” 1964 Sup. Ct. Rev. 191 小卡文,哈利。《纽约时报》案:关于“第一修正案的核心意义”的注释,1964年Sup。Ct。191年启
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1767410
Joseph Russomanno
Imagining an America in which officials in the highest positions of federal government support laws that criminalize the speech of their critics is not difficult. Not only were such laws passed in 1798 and 1917-18, assaults on First Amendment culture have extended into the twenty-first century. To punish his critics, for example, then-candidate Donald Trump pledged to “open up” libel laws. The ruling most responsible for narrowing libel law and limiting the success of public official plaintiffs was New York Times Co. v. Sullivan Co. A landmark analysis of the ruling followed. Taking Justice William Brennan’s opinion, Harry Kalven Jr. extracted a small phrase and breathed life into the large concept that remains as vital and
想象一个联邦政府最高职位的官员支持将批评者的言论定为犯罪的法律的美国并不困难。这些法律不仅在1798年和1917-18年获得通过,对第一修正案文化的攻击也延伸到了21世纪。例如,为了惩罚他的批评者,当时的候选人唐纳德·特朗普承诺“开放”诽谤法。对缩小诽谤法范围和限制公职人员原告成功负有最大责任的裁决是《纽约时报》公司诉沙利文公司。随后,对该裁决进行了具有里程碑意义的分析。小哈里·卡文(Harry Kalven Jr.)采纳了大法官威廉·布伦南(William Brennan)的意见,提取了一个小短语,为这个仍然至关重要的大概念注入了活力
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引用次数: 0
Dworkin, Ronald. Hard Cases, 88 Harv. L. Rev. 1057 (1975) 德沃金,罗纳德。硬壳,88 Harv。L.修订版1057(1975)
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1766894
T. Brennan
When considering cases involving the First Amendment, the Communications Commission Acts of 1934 or 1996, and Federal Communications Commission orders, one should begin by considering three overarching related questions: When interpreting cases, what do judges do, and what should they do?With respect to the First Amendment, how do or should judges determine the meaning of “speech,” “press,” “assemble,” or petition “for a redress of grievances”? What makes something a “law,” andwhenwould this something “abridge” these “freedoms”? To perhaps oversimplify, the philosophy of law has offered two main approaches to answering these questions. One, legal positivism, is that the law is a collection of factual statements about legality, much as chemistry is a collection of factual statements about atomic interactions. This includes identification of a process by which judges (and the public) recognize which statements about conduct are laws. One prominent such process is positive originalism — the import of “positive” to be explained — in which instructions about the content of the law can be found in what those who enacted the law believed to be what it specifically delineated. The other answer, at the extreme opposite, is legal realism. In this view, the law is what judges say it is. To invoke a familiar metaphor from baseball, legal positivism is the umpire saying, “I call ‘em as they is,” and legal realism is “I call ‘em as I see ‘em.” A modern variant on legal realism is critical legal studies, which places courts as part of the overarching set of power relations in society or, as the baseball metaphor concludes, with the umpire saying, “They ain’t nothin’ ‘til I call ‘em.” Volumes have been written on these two philosophies. Legal positivism strips law of its normative force, that breaking the law is not just imprudent but wrong. Using dated applications to delineate the law seems inadequate as societies become more complex. Legal realism
在审议涉及第一修正案、1934年或1996年《通信委员会法案》和联邦通信委员会命令的案件时,应首先考虑三个相关的首要问题:在解释案件时,法官该做什么,他们应该做什么?关于第一修正案,法官如何或应该如何确定“言论”、“新闻”、“集会”或“申诉冤屈”的含义?是什么使一件事成为“法律”?这件事什么时候会“剥夺”这些“自由”?也许过于简单地说,法哲学提供了两种主要的方法来回答这些问题。一种是法律实证主义,即法律是关于合法性的事实陈述的集合,就像化学是关于原子相互作用的事实陈述集合一样。这包括确定法官(和公众)承认哪些关于行为的声明是法律的程序。其中一个突出的过程是积极原创主义——需要解释的“积极”的含义——在这种过程中,关于法律内容的指示可以在制定法律的人认为是法律具体描述的内容中找到。另一个答案恰恰相反,是法律现实主义。在这种观点中,法律就是法官所说的。借用棒球中一个熟悉的比喻,法律实证主义是裁判说,“我按原样称呼他们”,而法律现实主义是“我按我所见称呼他们”。法律现实主义的现代变体是批判性法律研究,它将法院视为社会权力关系的一部分,裁判说:“除非我叫他们,否则他们什么都不是。”关于这两种哲学已经写了很多卷了。法律实证主义剥夺了法律的规范性力量,认为违法不仅是轻率的,而且是错误的。随着社会变得越来越复杂,使用过时的申请来描述法律似乎是不够的。法律现实主义
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引用次数: 2
The State of Research on Communication and First Amendment Law in Traditional Law Journals: An Evaluative and Instructional Take 传统法学期刊传播与第一修正案研究现状:一个评价与指导的视角
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1765596
C. Calvert
Scholarship related to First Amendment, communications and media law has changed dramatically in the last twenty-five years. This article analyzes how the changes have impacted that scholarship. In the process, it focuses on the rise and leadership of female law professors in these fields over the past several decades. The views of more than a half-dozen of these women about the importance of this development, what led them into their respective areas of scholarly emphasis, and what more needs to be done to diversify these fields are featured. Additionally, the article addresses what might be considered a possible bandwagon effect on First Amendment scholarship in traditional law journals. Furthermore, it explores both the increase in topic-specific journals related to facets of communications law and the growth of online companions to traditional law journals that concentrate on publishing shorter articles, essays and reviews. Finally, the article offers some suggestions regarding submitting articles to traditional law journals.
在过去的25年里,与第一修正案、传播和媒体法相关的学术研究发生了巨大的变化。本文分析了这些变化是如何影响学术研究的。在这个过程中,它关注的是过去几十年来女性法学教授在这些领域的崛起和领导力。这些女性中有六人以上对这一发展的重要性的看法,是什么使她们进入了各自的学术重点领域,以及为了使这些领域多样化还需要做些什么。此外,这篇文章还讨论了传统法律期刊对第一修正案学术研究可能产生的从众效应。此外,它还探讨了与通信法相关的特定主题期刊的增长,以及传统法律期刊的在线伙伴的增长,这些期刊专注于发表较短的文章、论文和评论。最后,本文提出了向传统法学期刊投稿的几点建议。
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引用次数: 0
Lessig, Lawrence. The Law of the Horse: What Cyberlaw Might Teach, 113 Harv. L. Rev. 501 (1999) Lawrence Lessig。《马的法则:网络法可能教给我们什么》,113 Harv。L.第501版(1999)
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1767414
V. Ekstrand
Cyberlaw taught us everything, actually. The year was 1999 and undergraduate media law professors across the country were hearing what was initially an astounding claim from their students: Illegally sharing and downloading music online were acts of free expression. For seasoned instructors at the time, the statement was initially a source of amusement. For those of us entering the academy, the claim was less surprising. Whatever was going on in this new thing called cyberspace, it would certainly never be the case that music lovers could indefinitely infringe on the copyrights of musicians and their publishers. Indeed, the legal histories of Napster and Grokster, two early music file sharing services that found themselves in frequent legal battles with music publishers, eventually proved the professors right. Infringers were sued, the services were punished, and new business models around online music were birthed. The law seemed to win. Or did it? When Larry Lessig, then a 38-year old law professor at Stanford University, published one of the most-cited and celebrated articles of his career, “The Law of the Horse: What Cyberlaw Might Teach,” and his book, Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, the media law community seemed to take a collective deep breath. In one fell swoop, Lessig argued that something was fundamentally different for law in cyberspace, a shift so consequential that he felt compelled to take on not only Judge Frank Easterbrook of the United States Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, who had declared that there was “no more a law of cyberspace than there was a ‘Law of the Horse,’” but also the growing
实际上,网络法教会了我们一切。那一年是1999年,全国各地的媒体法本科教授都听到了学生们最初令人震惊的说法:在网上非法分享和下载音乐是言论自由的行为。对于当时经验丰富的教师来说,这一声明最初只是一种娱乐。对于我们这些刚进入学院的人来说,这种说法并不令人惊讶。无论在这个被称为网络空间的新事物中发生了什么,音乐爱好者可以无限期地侵犯音乐家及其出版商的版权肯定是不可能的。事实上,Napster和Grokster这两家早期音乐文件共享服务公司的法律历史,最终证明了教授们是正确的。这两家公司发现自己经常与音乐出版商发生法律纠纷。侵权者被起诉,服务受到惩罚,围绕在线音乐的新商业模式诞生了。法律似乎赢了。是吗?当当时38岁的斯坦福大学法学教授拉里·莱西格(Larry Lessig)发表了他职业生涯中被引用最多、最著名的文章之一《马的法则:网络法可能会教什么》(the law of the Horse: What Cyberlaw Might Teach)和他的书《网络空间的代码和其他法律》(Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace)时,媒体法律界似乎集体深吸了一口气。莱西格一下子提出,网络空间的法律发生了根本性的变化,这一变化如此重要,以至于他觉得有必要不仅挑战美国第七巡回上诉法院(United States Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals)的法官弗兰克·伊斯特布鲁克(Frank Easterbrook),后者曾宣称“网络空间的法律并不比‘马的法律’多”,而且还要挑战不断增长的网络空间法律
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引用次数: 0
Emerson, Thomas I. Toward a General Theory of the First Amendment, 72 Yale L. J. 877 (1963) 爱默生,《走向第一修正案的通论》,72耶鲁大学学报877(1963)
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1766897
Karen M. Markin
I have probably referred to Thomas I. Emerson’s “Toward a General Theory of the First Amendment” more often than any other article. Emerson’s theory – which covers the values served by the First Amendment, the problems with maintaining a system of freedom of expression, the role of law and legal institutions in this effort, and the formulation of legal doctrine – remains remarkably apt as a framework for analyzing freedom of expression issues, despite the passage of more than half a century since its publication. Emerson identified as a key threat to freedom of expression the tendency of the powerful in society to suppress opposition. He wrote:
我可能比任何其他文章都更经常地提到托马斯·I·爱默生的《关于第一修正案的通论》。爱默生的理论涵盖了宪法第一修正案所体现的价值、维护言论自由体系的问题、法律和法律制度在这一努力中的作用,以及法律学说的形成。尽管其出版已经过去了半个多世纪,但作为分析言论自由问题的框架,爱默生的理论仍然非常合适。爱默生认为,社会强权压制反对派的倾向是对言论自由的主要威胁。他写道:
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引用次数: 0
Lidsky, Larissa. Prying, Spying, and Lying: Intrusive Newsgathering and What the Law Should Do About It, 73 Tul. L. Rev. 173 (1998) 利德斯基,拉里萨。《撬、间谍和撒谎:侵入性新闻收集和法律应如何处理》,73 Tul。L.修订版173(1998)
IF 0.3 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10811680.2020.1767422
Roy S. Gutterman
If the law of invasion of privacy is the child of the seminal Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis law review article of 1890, 1 then the modern newsgathering and privacy law in Larissa Lidsky’s 1998 a...
如果侵犯隐私法是1890年塞缪尔·沃伦和路易斯·布兰迪斯法律评论文章的产物,1那么拉里萨·利德斯基1998年的现代新闻收集和隐私法。。。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Communication Law and Policy
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