Abstract A gravel horizon is preserved in several locations within the world-wide known archaeological site in Saqqara (northern Egypt). It is characterized by a variable thickness, composed of coarse, quartz, quartzitic and flint pebbles, and considered to correspond to gravels of the Edfu Formation, deposited in the Early Pleistocene by the early phase of the Nile development (Protonile Phase). This relatively short (ca. 200 ka) and at the same time very dynamic period of Protonile activity during the Edfu Pluvial is one of the most poorly recognized hydrological-climatic episodes of the Quaternary in north-eastern Africa. This paper is focused on the preliminary sedimentological-petrographic characteristics of these deposits and an attempt to indicate their source areas as well as mechanisms of transportation and deposition in the context of Pleistocene pluvial episodes.
{"title":"Sedimentary Environment of the Early Pleistocene Gravels of the Edfu formation from the Saqqara Archaeological Site (Egypt) – Preliminary Results","authors":"A. Wysocka, F. Welc, Urszula Czarniecka","doi":"10.1515/squa-2016-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2016-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A gravel horizon is preserved in several locations within the world-wide known archaeological site in Saqqara (northern Egypt). It is characterized by a variable thickness, composed of coarse, quartz, quartzitic and flint pebbles, and considered to correspond to gravels of the Edfu Formation, deposited in the Early Pleistocene by the early phase of the Nile development (Protonile Phase). This relatively short (ca. 200 ka) and at the same time very dynamic period of Protonile activity during the Edfu Pluvial is one of the most poorly recognized hydrological-climatic episodes of the Quaternary in north-eastern Africa. This paper is focused on the preliminary sedimentological-petrographic characteristics of these deposits and an attempt to indicate their source areas as well as mechanisms of transportation and deposition in the context of Pleistocene pluvial episodes.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67306034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Welc, Khodjiakbar Toychiew, M. Suska-Malawska, L. Marks, Monika Mętrak
Abstract Scenario of climate changes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in Central Asia is very fragmentary and inconsistent. Therefore, interaction between the development and decline of ancient cultures and the climate fluctuations are difficult to be traced. To resolve this problem, the key role can be played by multidisciplinary studies of unique Late Pleistocene and especially Holocene loess – soil succession of the Tien Shan foothills in Uzbekistan. This area yields unique successions of paleosols interbedded with loesses that are particularly useful for paleoclimate analysis. They are represented by continuous and uninterrupted sedimentary sequences with a highly varied record of magnetic susceptibility. As such, they contain a full sequence of short-term climatic oscillations of the Holocene in high resolution and therefore, in this case, they are exceptional on global scale. The correlation of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes scenario with stages of development and collapse of the past human settlement in Central Asia seems at present one of the most promising research directions, in line with the substantial course of interdisciplinary research on the interaction between humans and the natural environment.
{"title":"Paleoclimatological and Geoarchaeological Significance of the Holocene Loess – Soil Successions of the Tien Shan Foothills of Uzbekistan","authors":"F. Welc, Khodjiakbar Toychiew, M. Suska-Malawska, L. Marks, Monika Mętrak","doi":"10.1515/squa-2016-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2016-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scenario of climate changes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in Central Asia is very fragmentary and inconsistent. Therefore, interaction between the development and decline of ancient cultures and the climate fluctuations are difficult to be traced. To resolve this problem, the key role can be played by multidisciplinary studies of unique Late Pleistocene and especially Holocene loess – soil succession of the Tien Shan foothills in Uzbekistan. This area yields unique successions of paleosols interbedded with loesses that are particularly useful for paleoclimate analysis. They are represented by continuous and uninterrupted sedimentary sequences with a highly varied record of magnetic susceptibility. As such, they contain a full sequence of short-term climatic oscillations of the Holocene in high resolution and therefore, in this case, they are exceptional on global scale. The correlation of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes scenario with stages of development and collapse of the past human settlement in Central Asia seems at present one of the most promising research directions, in line with the substantial course of interdisciplinary research on the interaction between humans and the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67306422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Marks, A. Salem, F. Welc, J. Nitychoruk, Zhongyuan Chen, A. Zalat, Aleksandra Majecka, M. Chodyka, M. Szymanek, Anna Tołoczko-Pasek
Abstract The Lake Qarun (Faiyum Oasis, northern Egypt) is a relic of the much larger Holocene lake. Past lake levels and extensions were reconstructed, based on setting of archaeological sites scattered along northern paleoshores of the ancient lake. However, geoarcheological works did not yield enough data to establish continuous environmental history of the lake. A deep drilling FA-1 on the southeastern shore of the lake, performed in 2014, supplied with a core, 26 m long that is the one of the longest lake sediment cores in northeastern Africa. The basal section of the core consisted of thin-laminated diatom marly deposits, underlain at the Late Pleistocene/Holocene boundary by coarse-grained sands. The sediment lamine were quite well developed, especially in the lower part of the core. Preliminary results indicated annually deposited sediment sequence with seasonality signals provided by microlamine of diatoms, calcite, organic matter and clastic material. Early Holocene varved sediments from the Faiyum Oasis supplied with exceptional paleoenvironmental data for northeastern Africa, which enriched a record from previous logs drilled at the southwestern margin of the Qarun Lake.
{"title":"Preliminary Report on Unique Laminated Holocene Sediments from the Qarun Lake in Egypt","authors":"L. Marks, A. Salem, F. Welc, J. Nitychoruk, Zhongyuan Chen, A. Zalat, Aleksandra Majecka, M. Chodyka, M. Szymanek, Anna Tołoczko-Pasek","doi":"10.1515/squa-2016-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2016-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Lake Qarun (Faiyum Oasis, northern Egypt) is a relic of the much larger Holocene lake. Past lake levels and extensions were reconstructed, based on setting of archaeological sites scattered along northern paleoshores of the ancient lake. However, geoarcheological works did not yield enough data to establish continuous environmental history of the lake. A deep drilling FA-1 on the southeastern shore of the lake, performed in 2014, supplied with a core, 26 m long that is the one of the longest lake sediment cores in northeastern Africa. The basal section of the core consisted of thin-laminated diatom marly deposits, underlain at the Late Pleistocene/Holocene boundary by coarse-grained sands. The sediment lamine were quite well developed, especially in the lower part of the core. Preliminary results indicated annually deposited sediment sequence with seasonality signals provided by microlamine of diatoms, calcite, organic matter and clastic material. Early Holocene varved sediments from the Faiyum Oasis supplied with exceptional paleoenvironmental data for northeastern Africa, which enriched a record from previous logs drilled at the southwestern margin of the Qarun Lake.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67305142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Southern outskirts of Carpathian basin, namely the region between Sava, Drava and Danube rivers, have specific climate conditions today partially influenced by geological structure and geographical position. In this region Neolithic Starčevo and Sopot cultures are observed. Radiocarbon dates for Neolithic cultures are used to build a time frame which is compared with climate proxies, especially with Holocene rapid climate events (8.2, 5.9 and 4.2 ka), to draw a conclusion on when and how these cultures developed in southern regions of Carpathian basin. Lacking firm geoarchaeological data the results are not conclusive but can provide some insight on how the climate may have directly and indirectly influenced development of Neolithic and beginning of Eneolithic period in the region.
{"title":"Climatic Influences on Appearance and Development of Neolithic Cultures in Southern Outskirts of Carpathian Basin","authors":"Katarina Botić","doi":"10.1515/squa-2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Southern outskirts of Carpathian basin, namely the region between Sava, Drava and Danube rivers, have specific climate conditions today partially influenced by geological structure and geographical position. In this region Neolithic Starčevo and Sopot cultures are observed. Radiocarbon dates for Neolithic cultures are used to build a time frame which is compared with climate proxies, especially with Holocene rapid climate events (8.2, 5.9 and 4.2 ka), to draw a conclusion on when and how these cultures developed in southern regions of Carpathian basin. Lacking firm geoarchaeological data the results are not conclusive but can provide some insight on how the climate may have directly and indirectly influenced development of Neolithic and beginning of Eneolithic period in the region.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67303285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Results of geological and pollen investigations of the lake-bog sediments from the section Wietrzychowice W5, located nearby the Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (FBC) megaliths, are presented. The pollen data reveal that sedimentation at Wietrzychowice has begun at the beginning of the Holocene (Preboreal). Pollen analysis was used to determine stratigraphy with regard to sediment characteristics. The pollen spectrum was divided into 8 LPAZes (1-7Xa, 7Xb) which were also, where possible, stratigraphically classified. Radiocarbon dating of 6 730 ± 90 BP (5 730–5 480 BC, MKL-702) at depth of 1.20 m confirmed the pollen analysis age estimation. Five settlement episodes were found in organic sediments in the upper part of the W5 core. The first was presumably during the Preboreal, the second in the early Atlantic, the third in the late Atlantic (probably Neolithic FBC), the fourth in the early Middle Ages and the last one in the late Middle Ages. The pollen analysis was useful to point irregularities in sediment succession. Such a situation made palaeoenvironmental interpretation difficult, but further research is still needed to enable an accurate reconstruction.
{"title":"Disturbances Of The Holocene Lake-Bog Sediment Succession As Revealed By Pollen Record From Wietrzychowice (Southeastern Kujawy, Central Poland)","authors":"E. Břízová, M. Roman","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Results of geological and pollen investigations of the lake-bog sediments from the section Wietrzychowice W5, located nearby the Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (FBC) megaliths, are presented. The pollen data reveal that sedimentation at Wietrzychowice has begun at the beginning of the Holocene (Preboreal). Pollen analysis was used to determine stratigraphy with regard to sediment characteristics. The pollen spectrum was divided into 8 LPAZes (1-7Xa, 7Xb) which were also, where possible, stratigraphically classified. Radiocarbon dating of 6 730 ± 90 BP (5 730–5 480 BC, MKL-702) at depth of 1.20 m confirmed the pollen analysis age estimation. Five settlement episodes were found in organic sediments in the upper part of the W5 core. The first was presumably during the Preboreal, the second in the early Atlantic, the third in the late Atlantic (probably Neolithic FBC), the fourth in the early Middle Ages and the last one in the late Middle Ages. The pollen analysis was useful to point irregularities in sediment succession. Such a situation made palaeoenvironmental interpretation difficult, but further research is still needed to enable an accurate reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Rospuda subglacial channel hosts not only deep ribbon lakes and the Rospuda River itself, but also an outwash plain. The paper deals with a lithofacies analysis of deposits from exposures within the Rospuda outwash plain. With the support of geomorphological and geological analyses, it has been found that the outwash plain formed along the Rospuda subglacial channel that was being exposed from under the ice cover. The lithological record of the Rospuda outwash plain shows a distinct division into a proximal and a distal zone. The deposits under study reveal a record of a break in basial sedimentation, when ice-wedge casts developed under conditions of periglacial climate. The development of the Rospuda outwash plain is linked with the ice-marginal zone of the Pomeranian phase, similarly to the Olecko-Rajgród outwash plain that is located to the west.
{"title":"The Outwash Plain Of The Rospuda River Valley – A Record Of Depositional Environments","authors":"Katarzyna Pochocka-Szwarc, D. Krzyszkowski","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Rospuda subglacial channel hosts not only deep ribbon lakes and the Rospuda River itself, but also an outwash plain. The paper deals with a lithofacies analysis of deposits from exposures within the Rospuda outwash plain. With the support of geomorphological and geological analyses, it has been found that the outwash plain formed along the Rospuda subglacial channel that was being exposed from under the ice cover. The lithological record of the Rospuda outwash plain shows a distinct division into a proximal and a distal zone. The deposits under study reveal a record of a break in basial sedimentation, when ice-wedge casts developed under conditions of periglacial climate. The development of the Rospuda outwash plain is linked with the ice-marginal zone of the Pomeranian phase, similarly to the Olecko-Rajgród outwash plain that is located to the west.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Rychel, B. Woronko, M. T. Karasiewicz, Paweł Szymczuk, M. Morawski
Abstract The paper presents a research on a marginal zone near Knyszewicze in the southern part of Sokółka Hills (northeastern Poland). Terminal moraine hills are arranged amphitheatrically in a lobal pattern. Dynamics of the Knyszewicze frontal ice-sheet lobe during the Saale Glaciation and successive stages of the marginal zone near the village of Knyszewicze were reconstructed based on sedimentary and geomorphological analysis, using a digital elevation model and morpholineaments. Three main phases of the Knyszewicze glacial-lobe activity were identified including accumulation of glaciofluvial deposits, advances of the ice margin and ice-lobe retreat. Moraine hills developed at a stable ice-lobe terminus, initially as short end-moraine fans with the following sequence of lithofacies Gh⇒SGh⇒Sh or Gm⇒Gh⇒Sh. Such a sequence indicates cyclic sheet-floods. During a small but dynamic advance of the ice sheet terminus, these deposits were moved forward and monoclinally folded, then furrowed with sloping faults due to horizontal pressure. Typical thrust-block push moraines developed in this way. Ice sheet advance took place when permafrost was present in the substratum and very high water pressure occurred at glacial terminus. Inside a lobal configuration of moraines, there is a rich inventory of glacial forms with a classic terminal depression in the central part. Based on this landform pattern, their shape, rhythm and glaciotectonic disturbances, the land relief may be referred to as a hill-hole pair. The structure of Horczaki Knoll, deposited on the sub-Quaternary tectonic structure, significantly contributed to a development of this marginal zone.
{"title":"Ice-Sheet Dynamics Of Warta Glaciation (SAALE) In The Marginal Zone Of Knyszewicze Area, Northeastern Poland","authors":"Joanna Rychel, B. Woronko, M. T. Karasiewicz, Paweł Szymczuk, M. Morawski","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents a research on a marginal zone near Knyszewicze in the southern part of Sokółka Hills (northeastern Poland). Terminal moraine hills are arranged amphitheatrically in a lobal pattern. Dynamics of the Knyszewicze frontal ice-sheet lobe during the Saale Glaciation and successive stages of the marginal zone near the village of Knyszewicze were reconstructed based on sedimentary and geomorphological analysis, using a digital elevation model and morpholineaments. Three main phases of the Knyszewicze glacial-lobe activity were identified including accumulation of glaciofluvial deposits, advances of the ice margin and ice-lobe retreat. Moraine hills developed at a stable ice-lobe terminus, initially as short end-moraine fans with the following sequence of lithofacies Gh⇒SGh⇒Sh or Gm⇒Gh⇒Sh. Such a sequence indicates cyclic sheet-floods. During a small but dynamic advance of the ice sheet terminus, these deposits were moved forward and monoclinally folded, then furrowed with sloping faults due to horizontal pressure. Typical thrust-block push moraines developed in this way. Ice sheet advance took place when permafrost was present in the substratum and very high water pressure occurred at glacial terminus. Inside a lobal configuration of moraines, there is a rich inventory of glacial forms with a classic terminal depression in the central part. Based on this landform pattern, their shape, rhythm and glaciotectonic disturbances, the land relief may be referred to as a hill-hole pair. The structure of Horczaki Knoll, deposited on the sub-Quaternary tectonic structure, significantly contributed to a development of this marginal zone.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The objective of this study was the recognition and reconstruction of the origin of two high altitude lakes and the ecological conditions of their early existence based on subfossil Cladocera and chemical analyses. The study focused on the oldest lacustrine sediments from Lake Sol and Lake Luna, located in the crater of Volcano Nevado de Toluca (Central Mexico). The Nevado de Toluca crater developed approximately 12 ka yr BP. According to the literature, the volcano was last active approximately 3.3 ka yr BP, and the lakes developed after that eruption. The remains of nine Cladocera species were found in the bottom sediments of both lakes. The most dominant taxa were two endemic littoral species: Alona manueli and Iliocryptus nevadensis. The total frequency of Cladocera specimens in both of the sediment cores was very low. No Cladocera remains were recorded in the sediment layer at depths between 123–103 m from Lake Luna. The results of the lithological and geochemical analyses showed that this sediment layer was composed of allochthonous material, probably originating from slid down from the volcanic cone. This was suggested by the content of silica (up to 13%), iron (up to 12%), and titanium (up to 4%). The Cladocera remains recorded in the bottom sediments suggested that both reservoirs developed as freshwater lakes at the beginning of the sedimentation. The calibrated radiocarbon dates obtained for the bottom samples were 4040 to 3990 yr BP for Lake Luna (129 cm) and 4485 to 4485 yr BP for Lake Sol (89 cm). The obtained ages were older than the dates of the last eruption, which occurred approximately 3300 yr BP. This result was likely related to the type of radiocarbon dated materials (charcoals).
摘要基于亚化石枝类和化学分析，对两个高海拔湖泊的起源及其早期存在的生态条件进行识别和重建。这项研究的重点是位于墨西哥中部托卢卡火山内华达火山口的Sol湖和Luna湖最古老的湖泊沉积物。内华达德托卢卡陨石坑大约在距今12万年形成。根据文献记载，该火山最后一次活跃大约在距今3.3万年，湖泊是在那次喷发后形成的。在两个湖泊的底部沉积物中都发现了9种枝角目动物的遗骸。最优势的分类群是两种特有的沿海物种:马努埃利(Alona manueli)和内华绿鳉(Iliocryptus nevadensis)。两个岩心中枝角类标本的总出现频率都很低。在距露娜湖123 ~ 103 m深度的沉积层中未发现枝角目化石。岩石学和地球化学分析结果表明，该沉积层由外来物质组成，可能来自火山锥的滑落。二氧化硅(高达13%)、铁(高达12%)和钛(高达4%)的含量表明了这一点。底部沉积物中记录的枝角期化石表明，这两个储层在沉积初期均发育为淡水湖。Luna湖(129 cm)和Sol湖(89 cm)的标定放射性碳测年分别为4040 ~ 3990 yr BP和4485 ~ 4485 yr BP。获得的年龄比最后一次喷发的年龄要早，上一次喷发大约发生在距今3300年前。这一结果可能与放射性碳定年材料(木炭)的类型有关。
{"title":"Initial Time Of Two High Altitude Crater Lakes (Nevado De Toluca, Central Mexico) Recorded In Subfossil Cladocera","authors":"K. Szeroczyńska, E. Zawisza, M. Wojewódka","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was the recognition and reconstruction of the origin of two high altitude lakes and the ecological conditions of their early existence based on subfossil Cladocera and chemical analyses. The study focused on the oldest lacustrine sediments from Lake Sol and Lake Luna, located in the crater of Volcano Nevado de Toluca (Central Mexico). The Nevado de Toluca crater developed approximately 12 ka yr BP. According to the literature, the volcano was last active approximately 3.3 ka yr BP, and the lakes developed after that eruption. The remains of nine Cladocera species were found in the bottom sediments of both lakes. The most dominant taxa were two endemic littoral species: Alona manueli and Iliocryptus nevadensis. The total frequency of Cladocera specimens in both of the sediment cores was very low. No Cladocera remains were recorded in the sediment layer at depths between 123–103 m from Lake Luna. The results of the lithological and geochemical analyses showed that this sediment layer was composed of allochthonous material, probably originating from slid down from the volcanic cone. This was suggested by the content of silica (up to 13%), iron (up to 12%), and titanium (up to 4%). The Cladocera remains recorded in the bottom sediments suggested that both reservoirs developed as freshwater lakes at the beginning of the sedimentation. The calibrated radiocarbon dates obtained for the bottom samples were 4040 to 3990 yr BP for Lake Luna (129 cm) and 4485 to 4485 yr BP for Lake Sol (89 cm). The obtained ages were older than the dates of the last eruption, which occurred approximately 3300 yr BP. This result was likely related to the type of radiocarbon dated materials (charcoals).","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Krzyszkowski, Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska, Dariusz Wieczorek, Andrzej Stoiński
Abstract The paper presents results of petrographic analyses of glacial tills in the western part of the Kleszczów Graben and the attempt of their stratigraphic interpretation. Petrographic coefficients have allowed the identification of five till lithotypes: T1, T2A, T2 and T2B – assigned to the South Polish Complex (Elsterian) and T4 correlated with the Middle Polish Complex (Saalian). The well-expressed tills that represent the South Polish Complex, occur at the bottom of the section. A new till lithotype, T2B, has been distinguished, corresponding to the Kuców Formation. It supplements the Pleistocene lithostratigraphic section of central Poland and corresponds to the Sanian 2 Glaciation. Among the younger tills, the T4 one (Odranian Glaciation) is well developed. The uppermost tills of the Wartanian cold stage have been reduced by glaciofluvial and fluvial erosion. It is, to some extent a consequence of the existence of a depression in this area, called the Szczerców Basin. The paper highlights the interpretational difficulties concerning the rank and the number of ice sheet advances during the Polish and Middle Polish Complexes in central Poland.
{"title":"Petrography Of Glacial Tills In The Szczerców Outcrop, Central Poland – Problems Of Stratigraphic Interpretation","authors":"D. Krzyszkowski, Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska, Dariusz Wieczorek, Andrzej Stoiński","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents results of petrographic analyses of glacial tills in the western part of the Kleszczów Graben and the attempt of their stratigraphic interpretation. Petrographic coefficients have allowed the identification of five till lithotypes: T1, T2A, T2 and T2B – assigned to the South Polish Complex (Elsterian) and T4 correlated with the Middle Polish Complex (Saalian). The well-expressed tills that represent the South Polish Complex, occur at the bottom of the section. A new till lithotype, T2B, has been distinguished, corresponding to the Kuców Formation. It supplements the Pleistocene lithostratigraphic section of central Poland and corresponds to the Sanian 2 Glaciation. Among the younger tills, the T4 one (Odranian Glaciation) is well developed. The uppermost tills of the Wartanian cold stage have been reduced by glaciofluvial and fluvial erosion. It is, to some extent a consequence of the existence of a depression in this area, called the Szczerców Basin. The paper highlights the interpretational difficulties concerning the rank and the number of ice sheet advances during the Polish and Middle Polish Complexes in central Poland.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Shumilovskikh, F. Schlütz, Inke E M Achterberg, A. Bauerochse, H. Leuschner
Abstract In order to reconstruct regional vegetation changes and local conditions during the fen-bog transition in the Borsteler Moor (northwestern Germany), a sediment core covering the period be tween 7.1 and 4.5 cal kyrs BP was palynologically investigated. The pollen diagram demonstrates the dominance of oak forests and a gradual replacement of trees by raised bog vegetation with the wetter conditions in the Late Atlantic. At ~ 6 cal kyrs BP, the non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) demonstrate the succession from mesotrophic conditions, clearly indicated by a number of fun gal spore types, to oligotrophic conditions, indicated by Sphagnum spores, Bryophytomyces sphagni, and testate amoebae Amphitrema, Assulina and Arcella, etc. Four relatively dry phases during the transition from fen to bog are clearly indicated by the dominance of Calluna and associated fungi as well as by the in crease of microcharcoal. Several new NPP types are described and known NPP types are identified. All NPP are discussed in the context of their palaeoecological indicator values.
{"title":"Non-Pollen Palynomorphs from Mid-Holocene Peat of the Raised Bog Borsteler Moor (Lower Saxony, Germany)","authors":"L. Shumilovskikh, F. Schlütz, Inke E M Achterberg, A. Bauerochse, H. Leuschner","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to reconstruct regional vegetation changes and local conditions during the fen-bog transition in the Borsteler Moor (northwestern Germany), a sediment core covering the period be tween 7.1 and 4.5 cal kyrs BP was palynologically investigated. The pollen diagram demonstrates the dominance of oak forests and a gradual replacement of trees by raised bog vegetation with the wetter conditions in the Late Atlantic. At ~ 6 cal kyrs BP, the non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) demonstrate the succession from mesotrophic conditions, clearly indicated by a number of fun gal spore types, to oligotrophic conditions, indicated by Sphagnum spores, Bryophytomyces sphagni, and testate amoebae Amphitrema, Assulina and Arcella, etc. Four relatively dry phases during the transition from fen to bog are clearly indicated by the dominance of Calluna and associated fungi as well as by the in crease of microcharcoal. Several new NPP types are described and known NPP types are identified. All NPP are discussed in the context of their palaeoecological indicator values.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/squa-2015-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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