Abstract This paper presents development of the paleolake Starowlany existing in the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) in north - eastern Poland. The lake history is based on Cladocera analysis. The paleolake Starowlany is located in the central part of the Sokółka Hills, approximately 9 km north of the town of Sokółka in the North Podlasie Lowland. The sediments studied filled a southern part of a tunnel valley formed during the Warta Glaciation. The coring was carried out with a geological drilling and constituted a part of the frame work aimed at preparing the Sokółka sheet for the Detailed Geological Map of Poland in scale 1:50000. The core was 7 m long. Peaty silt, peats and organic silt were present at the depth of 4.0-6.6 m, under deluvial sands, tills and silt. Organic series was over lain by a clayey silt with no glacial cover. Cladocera analysis was conducted with 20 samples from a depth interval 6.6-4.1 m. Remains of 17 species of Cladocera were found, representing the families: Chydoridae, Sididae and Bosminidae. A vast majority of them were the littoral species. In the paleolake Starowlany four development zones were distinguished that reflected changes as regards temperature, trophic levels and changes of water level in the lake. The paleolake existed from the early until the middle Eemian. The high est water level and the most favorable conditions for zooplankton development occurred in zones SCZ I and II. The highest trophic level took place in SCZ III (middle Eemian). In the late Eemian the water level dropped and the paleolake was transformed into a wetland. At certain points, the higher water level enabled existence of a few Cladocera species. The reasons for disappearance of the paleolake Starowlany included a local decrease in ground water levels as well as morphometric and geological characteristics of the lake.
{"title":"History of Development and Terrestrialization of Lake Starowlany in the Eemian Interglacial Based on Cladocera Analysis (Sokόłka Hills, Ne Poland)","authors":"M. Niska, Anna Kołodziej","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents development of the paleolake Starowlany existing in the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) in north - eastern Poland. The lake history is based on Cladocera analysis. The paleolake Starowlany is located in the central part of the Sokółka Hills, approximately 9 km north of the town of Sokółka in the North Podlasie Lowland. The sediments studied filled a southern part of a tunnel valley formed during the Warta Glaciation. The coring was carried out with a geological drilling and constituted a part of the frame work aimed at preparing the Sokółka sheet for the Detailed Geological Map of Poland in scale 1:50000. The core was 7 m long. Peaty silt, peats and organic silt were present at the depth of 4.0-6.6 m, under deluvial sands, tills and silt. Organic series was over lain by a clayey silt with no glacial cover. Cladocera analysis was conducted with 20 samples from a depth interval 6.6-4.1 m. Remains of 17 species of Cladocera were found, representing the families: Chydoridae, Sididae and Bosminidae. A vast majority of them were the littoral species. In the paleolake Starowlany four development zones were distinguished that reflected changes as regards temperature, trophic levels and changes of water level in the lake. The paleolake existed from the early until the middle Eemian. The high est water level and the most favorable conditions for zooplankton development occurred in zones SCZ I and II. The highest trophic level took place in SCZ III (middle Eemian). In the late Eemian the water level dropped and the paleolake was transformed into a wetland. At certain points, the higher water level enabled existence of a few Cladocera species. The reasons for disappearance of the paleolake Starowlany included a local decrease in ground water levels as well as morphometric and geological characteristics of the lake.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"32 1","pages":"43 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cenote lakes are natural sinkholes or depressions resulting from the collapse of limestone bedrock exposing the groundwater underneath. Thousands of such lakes are particularly encountered on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). These lakes were of great significance for the Maya culture as important religious places and primary source of drinking water. They permitted the survival of Mayan communities through dry periods known as “Maya drought”. Most of the cenote lakes are large open water pools measuring tens of meters in diameter. The majority of cenotes are smaller sheliered sites. Their waiers are usually very clear and oligotrophic, originating from rain waier filtering slowly through the ground. The auihors visited and coliected zooplankion samples from eight cenotes in November 2013, namely: Ik-Kil, Samula, Zaci, X-Kekn, Actum Ha, Cristal, Sian Ka’an, and Chan Chemuxil (transect Merida-Tulum- Cancun). The analysed lakes differ considerably in morphological terms, varying from very deep to shallow. Some of them are under human impact (tourists). The water samples were anaiysed for zooplankton content, but the phytoplankton frequently occurring was also taken into account. The obtained results are largely varied, indicated big ecological verity among cenotes which depended on lake age, localization and morphometry. As showed our study Cladocera zooplankion was very rare and only present at several sites. Beiween the fauna community Copepoda and Ostracoda species were the most abundant. Phytoplankton were present in all studied lakes and it sees that played the central role in those ecosystems.
天然井湖是由石灰岩基岩崩塌而形成的天然陷坑或洼地，使地下水暴露在地下。尤卡坦半岛(墨西哥)有数千个这样的湖泊。这些湖泊作为重要的宗教场所和饮用水的主要来源，对玛雅文化具有重要意义。它们使玛雅社区得以在被称为“玛雅干旱”的干旱时期生存下来。大多数天然井湖都是直径几十米的大型露天水池。大多数天然井都是较小的隐蔽地点。它们的水层通常是非常清澈和少营养的，起源于雨水在地面上缓慢过滤。作者于2013年11月访问并采集了8个天然井的浮游动物样本，分别是:Ik-Kil、Samula、Zaci、X-Kekn、Actum Ha、Cristal、Sian Ka an和Chan Chemuxil(样带Merida-Tulum- Cancun)。分析的湖泊在形态上有很大的不同，从深到浅不等。其中一些受到人类(游客)的影响。分析了水样的浮游动物含量，但也考虑了经常发生的浮游植物。所得结果差异较大，表明天然井的生态真实性较大，这取决于湖泊年龄、定位和形态计量。研究结果表明，枝目浮游动物非常罕见，仅在几个地点存在。在动物群中桡足类和介形虫类种类最多。浮游植物在所有被研究的湖泊中都存在，并且在这些生态系统中发挥了核心作用。
{"title":"Cenotes – Lakes of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico)","authors":"K. Szeroczyńska, E. Zawisza","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cenote lakes are natural sinkholes or depressions resulting from the collapse of limestone bedrock exposing the groundwater underneath. Thousands of such lakes are particularly encountered on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). These lakes were of great significance for the Maya culture as important religious places and primary source of drinking water. They permitted the survival of Mayan communities through dry periods known as “Maya drought”. Most of the cenote lakes are large open water pools measuring tens of meters in diameter. The majority of cenotes are smaller sheliered sites. Their waiers are usually very clear and oligotrophic, originating from rain waier filtering slowly through the ground. The auihors visited and coliected zooplankion samples from eight cenotes in November 2013, namely: Ik-Kil, Samula, Zaci, X-Kekn, Actum Ha, Cristal, Sian Ka’an, and Chan Chemuxil (transect Merida-Tulum- Cancun). The analysed lakes differ considerably in morphological terms, varying from very deep to shallow. Some of them are under human impact (tourists). The water samples were anaiysed for zooplankton content, but the phytoplankton frequently occurring was also taken into account. The obtained results are largely varied, indicated big ecological verity among cenotes which depended on lake age, localization and morphometry. As showed our study Cladocera zooplankion was very rare and only present at several sites. Beiween the fauna community Copepoda and Ostracoda species were the most abundant. Phytoplankton were present in all studied lakes and it sees that played the central role in those ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"32 1","pages":"53 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/squa-2015-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Szal, M. Kupryjanowicz, Mariusz Wyczółkowski
Abstract The results of pollen, non-pollen palynomorph and microcharcoal particle analyses of deposits from a small pond in north eastern Poland are presented. The study focused on human-induced vegetation changes that occurred in a close vicinity of the settlement complex at Poganowo during the Middle Ages (ca 10th-16th centuries). We distinguished three phases of human impact. First and third phases correspond to intensified settlement activity. The second phase was a period when human activity decreased and woodland regeneration took place. The high incidence of the parasitic fungus Kretzschmaria deusta in a local forest stand during the third phase was simultaneous with numerous spores of coprophilous fungi (Sordaria-type and Cercophora-type). We consider that Kretzschmaria deusta inhabited the roots and bases of tree trunks damaged by digging and grazing animals.
{"title":"Anthropogenic Transformation of the Vegetation in the Immediate Vicinity of the Settlement Complex at Poganowo (Mrągowo Lakeland, Ne Poland)","authors":"Marta Szal, M. Kupryjanowicz, Mariusz Wyczółkowski","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of pollen, non-pollen palynomorph and microcharcoal particle analyses of deposits from a small pond in north eastern Poland are presented. The study focused on human-induced vegetation changes that occurred in a close vicinity of the settlement complex at Poganowo during the Middle Ages (ca 10th-16th centuries). We distinguished three phases of human impact. First and third phases correspond to intensified settlement activity. The second phase was a period when human activity decreased and woodland regeneration took place. The high incidence of the parasitic fungus Kretzschmaria deusta in a local forest stand during the third phase was simultaneous with numerous spores of coprophilous fungi (Sordaria-type and Cercophora-type). We consider that Kretzschmaria deusta inhabited the roots and bases of tree trunks damaged by digging and grazing animals.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"32 1","pages":"19 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The numerous dystrophic (humic) lakes are a very important feature of Wigry National Park, NE Poland. As the most recent palaeoecological data indicate, at the beginning of its development (in the Late Glacial and Early and Middle Holocene) these water bodies functioned as harmonious lakes, and their transformation into dystrophic lakes and the stabilization of the trophic state took place at the beginning of the Subboreal. Palynological analysis of sediments from two such lakes (Lake Ślepe and Lake Suchar II), with special emphasis on non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), was aimed at a detailed biological characterization of dystrophic lakes during their long-lasting existence. The obtained results allowed for the designation of organisms characteristic for dystrophic lakes, of which representatives appeared with the decreasing pH of the water and the formation of Sphagnum peat around lakes. These organisms were divided into four groups: algae, fungi, testate amoebas, and animals. Their representatives appear invarious developmental stages of dystrophic lakes.
{"title":"Non-Pollen Palynomorphs Characteristic for the Dystrophic Stage of Humic Lakes in the Wigry National Park, Ne Poland","authors":"M. Fiłoc, M. Kupryjanowicz","doi":"10.1515/squa-2015-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/squa-2015-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The numerous dystrophic (humic) lakes are a very important feature of Wigry National Park, NE Poland. As the most recent palaeoecological data indicate, at the beginning of its development (in the Late Glacial and Early and Middle Holocene) these water bodies functioned as harmonious lakes, and their transformation into dystrophic lakes and the stabilization of the trophic state took place at the beginning of the Subboreal. Palynological analysis of sediments from two such lakes (Lake Ślepe and Lake Suchar II), with special emphasis on non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), was aimed at a detailed biological characterization of dystrophic lakes during their long-lasting existence. The obtained results allowed for the designation of organisms characteristic for dystrophic lakes, of which representatives appeared with the decreasing pH of the water and the formation of Sphagnum peat around lakes. These organisms were divided into four groups: algae, fungi, testate amoebas, and animals. Their representatives appear invarious developmental stages of dystrophic lakes.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"32 1","pages":"31 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/squa-2015-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67302193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper describes the results of geoelectrical sounding application for delineation of periglacial structures in Wierzchuca Nagórna within the Drohiczyn Plateau (eastern Poland). The method records the variation of apparent resistivity of deposits along a selected horizontal direction. The survey utilizes a distinct geoelectrical contrast between a glacial till and structures composed of sand that have been recognized earlier in a gravel pit wall. The studies have been conducted in direct hinterland of the gravel pit. Rectangular and concentric arrays were applied in the survey. The results have been presented as graphs and resistance distribution maps. The obtained geological image is not complete, although it shows an oriented course of the largest lineaments and traces of a network with a small mesh size (1.5-2 m). The recognized pattern of structures points to harsh climatic conditions during their formation. General orientation of the structures corresponds to the basic elements of the contemporary landscape in the area (slope, valley axes). Geoelectrical sounding using the rectangular array gave better results than in the concentric array, whereas introduction of brine into the system did not enhance the resolution of the readings. The presented resistance distribution maps with a characteristic rhythm of variations may serve as a benchmark for recognizing periglacial structures in areas without exposures.
{"title":"Application of geoelectrical profiling in the delineation of shallow periglacial structures on the Drohiczyn Plateau","authors":"R. Mieszkowski, J. Dzierżek, D. Stańczuk","doi":"10.2478/squa-2014-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/squa-2014-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper describes the results of geoelectrical sounding application for delineation of periglacial structures in Wierzchuca Nagórna within the Drohiczyn Plateau (eastern Poland). The method records the variation of apparent resistivity of deposits along a selected horizontal direction. The survey utilizes a distinct geoelectrical contrast between a glacial till and structures composed of sand that have been recognized earlier in a gravel pit wall. The studies have been conducted in direct hinterland of the gravel pit. Rectangular and concentric arrays were applied in the survey. The results have been presented as graphs and resistance distribution maps. The obtained geological image is not complete, although it shows an oriented course of the largest lineaments and traces of a network with a small mesh size (1.5-2 m). The recognized pattern of structures points to harsh climatic conditions during their formation. General orientation of the structures corresponds to the basic elements of the contemporary landscape in the area (slope, valley axes). Geoelectrical sounding using the rectangular array gave better results than in the concentric array, whereas introduction of brine into the system did not enhance the resolution of the readings. The presented resistance distribution maps with a characteristic rhythm of variations may serve as a benchmark for recognizing periglacial structures in areas without exposures.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"31 1","pages":"73 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Maślakowski, S. Kowalczyk, R. Mieszkowski, K. Józefiak
Abstract Geological and geotechnical engineering field tests, like structure drillings and dynamic (DPL, DPSH) or static probing (CPT), are considered for a fundamental source of information about soil and water environments. Since Eurocode 7 has been introduced, it has become more common to use also dilatometers (DMT) or pressure meters (PMT). Results obtained using all the mentioned tests are always of a discrete nature - information is provided in certain points in the field. However, they determine the basis for creating spatial models of geological structure and geotechnical condi- tions of a substratum. The range and number of investigations conducted (including drilling, probing and laboratory tests) influence precision, in which a geological structure is identified and thus, also affect probability of compatibility between spatial model and real geological conditions of a substratum. In the paper, results of non-invasive electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method are presented, comprising 2-dimensional image of a soil medium resistance. Electrical resistance is a parameter that reflects diversification of a soil medium, considering its lithological aspect. In addition, when combined with drilling results, it can be used to accurate determination of boundaries between soil layers. Carrying out of ERT tests in the field during expressway construction contributed to identification of weak, low-strength soils like organic soils (peat, aggradated mud) and of soft consistency cohesive soils. These kinds of soil are the main cause for unacceptable deformations appearing in the new road engineering structure.
{"title":"Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) as a tool in geotechnical investigation of the substrate of a highway","authors":"M. Maślakowski, S. Kowalczyk, R. Mieszkowski, K. Józefiak","doi":"10.2478/squa-2014-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/squa-2014-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Geological and geotechnical engineering field tests, like structure drillings and dynamic (DPL, DPSH) or static probing (CPT), are considered for a fundamental source of information about soil and water environments. Since Eurocode 7 has been introduced, it has become more common to use also dilatometers (DMT) or pressure meters (PMT). Results obtained using all the mentioned tests are always of a discrete nature - information is provided in certain points in the field. However, they determine the basis for creating spatial models of geological structure and geotechnical condi- tions of a substratum. The range and number of investigations conducted (including drilling, probing and laboratory tests) influence precision, in which a geological structure is identified and thus, also affect probability of compatibility between spatial model and real geological conditions of a substratum. In the paper, results of non-invasive electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method are presented, comprising 2-dimensional image of a soil medium resistance. Electrical resistance is a parameter that reflects diversification of a soil medium, considering its lithological aspect. In addition, when combined with drilling results, it can be used to accurate determination of boundaries between soil layers. Carrying out of ERT tests in the field during expressway construction contributed to identification of weak, low-strength soils like organic soils (peat, aggradated mud) and of soft consistency cohesive soils. These kinds of soil are the main cause for unacceptable deformations appearing in the new road engineering structure.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"31 1","pages":"83 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/squa-2014-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Łukasz Kaczmarek, R. Mieszkowski, Marcin Kołpaczyński, Grzegorz Pacanowski
Abstract The article shows the results of geophysical surveys performed by using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method on selected region of Płock slope of a Tumski hill near Basilica of Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Płock and in Maszewo by the Vistula River a few kilometers north of Płock. The above-mentioned sections were selected due to landslide phenomena observed there. Geophysical surveys were conducted in order to verify the state of the distribution of electrical resistivity in the sectors where mass movement was identified. The electrofusion cross-section near Cathedral Basilica shows clays and sands. Also in ERT prospection a zone of loose soils with high resistance is clearly visible. The results of the ERT method from Maszewo, indicates historical land surface of a landslide and that the slope in Maszewo consists of cohesive deposits. In order to describe these particular issues, geological cross-sections and safety factor obtained by calculation are presented for the analyzed parts of the slope. The safety factor shows that probability of landslide activity near Cathedral Basilica is very unlikely and in Maszewo is very high
{"title":"Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) in the investigation of quaternary landslide zones, based on the selected regions of Płock slope","authors":"Łukasz Kaczmarek, R. Mieszkowski, Marcin Kołpaczyński, Grzegorz Pacanowski","doi":"10.2478/squa-2014-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/squa-2014-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article shows the results of geophysical surveys performed by using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method on selected region of Płock slope of a Tumski hill near Basilica of Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Płock and in Maszewo by the Vistula River a few kilometers north of Płock. The above-mentioned sections were selected due to landslide phenomena observed there. Geophysical surveys were conducted in order to verify the state of the distribution of electrical resistivity in the sectors where mass movement was identified. The electrofusion cross-section near Cathedral Basilica shows clays and sands. Also in ERT prospection a zone of loose soils with high resistance is clearly visible. The results of the ERT method from Maszewo, indicates historical land surface of a landslide and that the slope in Maszewo consists of cohesive deposits. In order to describe these particular issues, geological cross-sections and safety factor obtained by calculation are presented for the analyzed parts of the slope. The safety factor shows that probability of landslide activity near Cathedral Basilica is very unlikely and in Maszewo is very high","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"31 1","pages":"101 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/squa-2014-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mieszkowski, F. Welc, J. Budziszewski, W. Migal, A. Bąkowska
Abstract Preliminary results of GPR field prospection carried out in the area of the prehistoric mining field Borownia (Ćmielów, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski District) are presented. This mining field forms a belt (30-50 m wide and 700 m long), starting from the valley edge of the Kamienna River southeastwards. Southeastern and western parts of the site have preserved the original post-exploitation relief. Geology of the Borownia mining field was examined and acquired radiograms revealed three distinct zones of anomaly concentrations. The central zone (B) is clearly a fragment of the prehistoric mining field, confirmed not only by the GPR sounding but also by archeological surveys. The other two zones have not yet been investigated in detail yet but their surface and archaeological examination may determine only whether their underground structures are natural or have been created by humans. Data obtained during the GPR prospection at the Borownia archaeological site confirmed usefulness of 100, 250 and 500 MHz antennas. The relatively large depth range and good resolution are due to favorable geological conditions.
{"title":"Preliminary results of the ground penetrating radar (GPR) prospection in the area of the prehistoric flint mine Borownia, southeastern Poland","authors":"R. Mieszkowski, F. Welc, J. Budziszewski, W. Migal, A. Bąkowska","doi":"10.2478/squa-2014-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/squa-2014-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Preliminary results of GPR field prospection carried out in the area of the prehistoric mining field Borownia (Ćmielów, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski District) are presented. This mining field forms a belt (30-50 m wide and 700 m long), starting from the valley edge of the Kamienna River southeastwards. Southeastern and western parts of the site have preserved the original post-exploitation relief. Geology of the Borownia mining field was examined and acquired radiograms revealed three distinct zones of anomaly concentrations. The central zone (B) is clearly a fragment of the prehistoric mining field, confirmed not only by the GPR sounding but also by archeological surveys. The other two zones have not yet been investigated in detail yet but their surface and archaeological examination may determine only whether their underground structures are natural or have been created by humans. Data obtained during the GPR prospection at the Borownia archaeological site confirmed usefulness of 100, 250 and 500 MHz antennas. The relatively large depth range and good resolution are due to favorable geological conditions.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"31 1","pages":"123 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Welc, R. Mieszkowski, S. Kowalczyk, J. Trzciński
Abstract This paper presents the preliminary results of ground penetrating radar sounding applied at the desert archaeological site in Saqqara (Egypt). The survey was carried out in 2012 within a project realized by Institute of Archaeology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw and the Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw. One of the key aims of the research was testing the application of ground penetrating radar to non-invasive surveys of desert archaeological sites. Radargrams obtained for area of so called the Dry Moat channel surrounding the Step Pyramid complex have shown the geological structure of its filling. It comprises among others debris-sand conglomerate of diluval origin characterized by a significant content of the clay fraction and clay minerals. Such lithological content strongly attenuate the propagation of EM waves, restricting the depth range of the GPR survey. The conducted geophysical prospection west to the Step Pyramid in Saqqara has confirmed the high applicability of the GPR method in non-invasive studies of vast architectural structures, such as the monumental ditch surrounding the Step Pyramid known as the Dry Moat. It should summarised that high horizontal resolution obtained during GPR survey is a result of local geological structure of the searched area, i.e. strong lithological contrast of the sediments filling the Dry Moat, which, depending on their mineralogical composition
{"title":"Applicability of Ground Penetrating Radar on desert archaeological sites: a case study from the Saqqara necropolis in Egypt","authors":"F. Welc, R. Mieszkowski, S. Kowalczyk, J. Trzciński","doi":"10.2478/squa-2014-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/squa-2014-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the preliminary results of ground penetrating radar sounding applied at the desert archaeological site in Saqqara (Egypt). The survey was carried out in 2012 within a project realized by Institute of Archaeology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw and the Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw. One of the key aims of the research was testing the application of ground penetrating radar to non-invasive surveys of desert archaeological sites. Radargrams obtained for area of so called the Dry Moat channel surrounding the Step Pyramid complex have shown the geological structure of its filling. It comprises among others debris-sand conglomerate of diluval origin characterized by a significant content of the clay fraction and clay minerals. Such lithological content strongly attenuate the propagation of EM waves, restricting the depth range of the GPR survey. The conducted geophysical prospection west to the Step Pyramid in Saqqara has confirmed the high applicability of the GPR method in non-invasive studies of vast architectural structures, such as the monumental ditch surrounding the Step Pyramid known as the Dry Moat. It should summarised that high horizontal resolution obtained during GPR survey is a result of local geological structure of the searched area, i.e. strong lithological contrast of the sediments filling the Dry Moat, which, depending on their mineralogical composition","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"8 1","pages":"133 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/squa-2014-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Pacanowski, P. Czarniak, A. Bąkowska, R. Mieszkowski, F. Welc
Abstract This paper addresses the problem of assessing the leakproofness of the bottom of a deep foundation trench, secured by cavity wall, using geophysical methods of electrical resistivity tomography. The study was conducted on a large construction project in Lublin, in a place where there are complicated soil-water conditions: the groundwater level is above the proposed depth of foundation trench, the subsoil is heterogeneous, and there are karsted and weathered carbonate sediments with confined aquifer below the bottom of the trench. A hydraulic fracture occurred at the bottom of the trench during the engineering works, which caused the water flow into the trench. In order to recognize the soil-water conditions the first stage of geophysical measurements of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was made. The applied methodology allowed to determine the extent of the hydraulic fracture zone within the bottom of foundation trench. In order to assess the leakproofness of Diaphragm Wall the geophysical ERT measurements were repeated (stage 2) A clear reduction in the value of the electrical resistivity of soils in the area of hydraulic fracture was caused by clay injection. The results of ERT measurements are discussed and graphically presented.
{"title":"The role of geophysical ERT method to evaluate the leakproofness of diapragm wall of deep foundation trenches on the example of the construction of retail and office complex in Lublin, Poland","authors":"G. Pacanowski, P. Czarniak, A. Bąkowska, R. Mieszkowski, F. Welc","doi":"10.2478/squa-2014-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/squa-2014-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses the problem of assessing the leakproofness of the bottom of a deep foundation trench, secured by cavity wall, using geophysical methods of electrical resistivity tomography. The study was conducted on a large construction project in Lublin, in a place where there are complicated soil-water conditions: the groundwater level is above the proposed depth of foundation trench, the subsoil is heterogeneous, and there are karsted and weathered carbonate sediments with confined aquifer below the bottom of the trench. A hydraulic fracture occurred at the bottom of the trench during the engineering works, which caused the water flow into the trench. In order to recognize the soil-water conditions the first stage of geophysical measurements of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was made. The applied methodology allowed to determine the extent of the hydraulic fracture zone within the bottom of foundation trench. In order to assess the leakproofness of Diaphragm Wall the geophysical ERT measurements were repeated (stage 2) A clear reduction in the value of the electrical resistivity of soils in the area of hydraulic fracture was caused by clay injection. The results of ERT measurements are discussed and graphically presented.","PeriodicalId":42625,"journal":{"name":"Studia Quaternaria","volume":"31 1","pages":"91 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/squa-2014-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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