Ilana Mushin, Lesley Stirling, J. Fletcher, R. Wales
This paper presents an empirical analysis of prosodic phenomena (intonation and timing) in 'common ground units' (Nakatani & Traum 1999). The analysis is used to address questions of the role of prosody in dialogue while taking into account the complexities of multispeaker discourse. We address some methodological concerns of how best to carry out a study of this kind as well as our theoretical questions about the formal identification of dialogue structures at levels higher than the micro-level of 'dialogue act', or 'move'.
{"title":"Identifying Prosodic Indicators of Dialogue Structure: Some Methodological and Theoretical Considerations","authors":"Ilana Mushin, Lesley Stirling, J. Fletcher, R. Wales","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117741","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an empirical analysis of prosodic phenomena (intonation and timing) in 'common ground units' (Nakatani & Traum 1999). The analysis is used to address questions of the role of prosody in dialogue while taking into account the complexities of multispeaker discourse. We address some methodological concerns of how best to carry out a study of this kind as well as our theoretical questions about the formal identification of dialogue structures at levels higher than the micro-level of 'dialogue act', or 'move'.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121189313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent dialogue systems must be able to respond properly to a variety of requests involving knowledge of the dialogue, the task at hand, and the domain. This requires advanced knowledge reasoning performed by various processing modules. We argue that it is important to understand the nature of the various reasoning mechanisms involved and to separate not only, for instance, interpretation, generation, and dialogue management but also domain knowledge and task reasoning. This facilitates portability of the dialogue system to new domains and makes it easier to enhance its capabilities. In this paper we will focus on the dialogue and domain knowledge reasoning components and show how they can cooperate to achieve natural interaction.
{"title":"Dialogue and Domain Knowledge Management in Dialogue Systems","authors":"Annika Flycht-Eriksson, Arne Jönsson","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117750","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent dialogue systems must be able to respond properly to a variety of requests involving knowledge of the dialogue, the task at hand, and the domain. This requires advanced knowledge reasoning performed by various processing modules. We argue that it is important to understand the nature of the various reasoning mechanisms involved and to separate not only, for instance, interpretation, generation, and dialogue management but also domain knowledge and task reasoning. This facilitates portability of the dialogue system to new domains and makes it easier to enhance its capabilities. In this paper we will focus on the dialogue and domain knowledge reasoning components and show how they can cooperate to achieve natural interaction.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130666138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper I describe the use of Danish pronouns and deictics in dialogues. Then I present an adaptation to Danish of Eckert and Strube's algorithm for resolving anaphora referring to individual NPs and abstract objects in English dialogues (Eckert and Strube, 1999b; Eckert and Strube, 1999a). The adapted algorithm is tested on four Danish dialogues from two dialogue collections and the results obtained are evaluated.
本文描述了丹麦语中代词和指示语在对话中的使用。然后，我将埃克特和斯特鲁布的算法改编为丹麦语，用于解决英语对话中涉及单个np和抽象对象的回指(埃克特和斯特鲁布，1999b;Eckert and Strube, 1999a)。本文对两个对话集中的四个丹麦语对话进行了测试，并对结果进行了评价。
{"title":"Abstract Anaphora Resolution in Danish","authors":"Costanza Navarretta","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117743","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I describe the use of Danish pronouns and deictics in dialogues. Then I present an adaptation to Danish of Eckert and Strube's algorithm for resolving anaphora referring to individual NPs and abstract objects in English dialogues (Eckert and Strube, 1999b; Eckert and Strube, 1999a). The adapted algorithm is tested on four Danish dialogues from two dialogue collections and the results obtained are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123206774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We introduce CST (cross-document structure theory), a paradigm for multi-document analysis. CST takes into account the rhetorical structure of clusters of related textual documents. We present a taxonomy of cross-document relationships. We argue that CST can be the basis for multi-document summarization guided by user preferences for summary length, information provenance, cross-source agreement, and chronological ordering of facts.
{"title":"A Common Theory of Information Fusion from Multiple Text Sources Step One: Cross-Document Structure","authors":"Dragomir R. Radev","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117745","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce CST (cross-document structure theory), a paradigm for multi-document analysis. CST takes into account the rhetorical structure of clusters of related textual documents. We present a taxonomy of cross-document relationships. We argue that CST can be the basis for multi-document summarization guided by user preferences for summary length, information provenance, cross-source agreement, and chronological ordering of facts.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125506961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a dialog help-system which advises users in using computer facilities and software applications provided by the Center for Information and Multimedia Studies, Kyoto University. The system employs a knowledge base written in natural language and retrieves a proper knowledge unit by flexible matching of user query with the knowledge base. The system is running since July 1999, received about 2,000 queries for the first seven months, and answered about 40% of them satisfactory.
{"title":"Dialogue Helpsystem based on Flexible Matching of User Query with Natural Language Knowledge Base","authors":"S. Kurohashi, Wataru Higasa","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117752","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a dialog help-system which advises users in using computer facilities and software applications provided by the Center for Information and Multimedia Studies, Kyoto University. The system employs a knowledge base written in natural language and retrieves a proper knowledge unit by flexible matching of user query with the knowledge base. The system is running since July 1999, received about 2,000 queries for the first seven months, and answered about 40% of them satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132822054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coherence relations have usually been taken to link clauses and larger units. After arguing that some phrases can be seen as discourse units, a computational account for such phrases is presented that integrates surface-based criteria with inferential ones. This approach can be generalized to treat intra-sentential cue-phrases. Since cue-phrases are not always present, referential relations between nominal expressions are additionally used to derive a text's discourse structure.
{"title":"From Elementary Discourse Units to Complex Ones","authors":"H. Schauer","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117742","url":null,"abstract":"Coherence relations have usually been taken to link clauses and larger units. After arguing that some phrases can be seen as discourse units, a computational account for such phrases is presented that integrates surface-based criteria with inferential ones. This approach can be generalized to treat intra-sentential cue-phrases. Since cue-phrases are not always present, referential relations between nominal expressions are additionally used to derive a text's discourse structure.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121918433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conversational grunts, such as uh-huh, un-hn, mm, and oh are ubiquitous in spoken English, but no satisfactory scheme for transcribing these items exists. This paper describes previous approaches, presents some facts about the phonetics of grunts, proposes a transcription scheme, and evaluates its accuracy.
{"title":"Issues in the Transcription of English Conversational Grunts","authors":"Nigel G. Ward","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117740","url":null,"abstract":"Conversational grunts, such as uh-huh, un-hn, mm, and oh are ubiquitous in spoken English, but no satisfactory scheme for transcribing these items exists. This paper describes previous approaches, presents some facts about the phonetics of grunts, proposes a transcription scheme, and evaluates its accuracy.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121744783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present an application independent dialogue engine that reasons on application dependent knowledge sources to calculate predictions about how a dialogue might continue. Predictions are language independent and are translated into language dependent structures for recognition and synthesis. Further, we discuss how the predictions account for different kinds of dialogue, e.g., question-answer or mixed initiative.
{"title":"Flexible Speech Act Based Dialogue Management","authors":"E. Hagen, F. Popowich","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117751","url":null,"abstract":"We present an application independent dialogue engine that reasons on application dependent knowledge sources to calculate predictions about how a dialogue might continue. Predictions are language independent and are translated into language dependent structures for recognition and synthesis. Further, we discuss how the predictions account for different kinds of dialogue, e.g., question-answer or mixed initiative.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"60 27","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132844876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes WIT, a toolkit for building spoken dialogue systems. WIT features an incremental understanding mechanism that enables robust utterance understanding and realtime responses. WIT's ability to compile domain-dependent system specifications into internal knowledge sources makes building spoken dialogue systems much easier than it is from scratch.
{"title":"WIT: A Toolkit for Building Robust and Real-Time Spoken Dialogu Systems","authors":"Mikio Nakano, Noboru Miyazaki, Norihito Yasuda, Akira Sugiyama, Jun-ichi Hirasawa, Kohji Dohsaka, K. Aikawa","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117753","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes WIT, a toolkit for building spoken dialogue systems. WIT features an incremental understanding mechanism that enables robust utterance understanding and realtime responses. WIT's ability to compile domain-dependent system specifications into internal knowledge sources makes building spoken dialogue systems much easier than it is from scratch.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129022389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we describe some complexity aspects of spoken dialogue. It is shown that, given the internal setting of our dialogue system, it is impossible to test even a small percentage of the theoretically possible utterances in a reasonable amount of time. An even smaller part of possible dialogues can thus be tested. Second, an approach for early testing of the dialogue manager of a dialogue system, without the complete system being put together, is described.
{"title":"Some Notes on the Complexity of Dialogues","authors":"J. Alexandersson, Paul Heisterkamp","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117754","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we describe some complexity aspects of spoken dialogue. It is shown that, given the internal setting of our dialogue system, it is impossible to test even a small percentage of the theoretically possible utterances in a reasonable amount of time. An even smaller part of possible dialogues can thus be tested. Second, an approach for early testing of the dialogue manager of a dialogue system, without the complete system being put together, is described.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129114215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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