This paper reports an exploratory study of the grounding styles of older dyads, namely, the characteristic ways in which they mutually agree to have shared a piece of information in dialogue. On the basis of Traum's classification of grounding acts, we conducted an exploratory comparison of dialogue data on older and younger dyads, and found that a fairly clear contrast holds mainly in the types of acknowledgement utterances used by the two groups. We will discuss the implications of this contrast, concerning how some of the negative stereotypes about conversations with older people may arise from this difference in grounding styles.
{"title":"Grounding styles of aged dyads - an exploratory study","authors":"A. Takeoka, Atsushi Shimojima","doi":"10.3115/1118121.1118145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118121.1118145","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports an exploratory study of the grounding styles of older dyads, namely, the characteristic ways in which they mutually agree to have shared a piece of information in dialogue. On the basis of Traum's classification of grounding acts, we conducted an exploratory comparison of dialogue data on older and younger dyads, and found that a fairly clear contrast holds mainly in the types of acknowledgement utterances used by the two groups. We will discuss the implications of this contrast, concerning how some of the negative stereotypes about conversations with older people may arise from this difference in grounding styles.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115750584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show how Bayesian networks and related probabilistic methods provide an efficient way of capturing the complex balancing of different factors that determine interpretation and generation in dialogue. As a case study, we show how a probabilistic approach can be used to model anaphora resolution in dialogue.
{"title":"Probabilistic Dialogue Modelling","authors":"Oliver Lemon, Prashant Parikh, S. Peters","doi":"10.3115/1118121.1118138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118121.1118138","url":null,"abstract":"We show how Bayesian networks and related probabilistic methods provide an efficient way of capturing the complex balancing of different factors that determine interpretation and generation in dialogue. As a case study, we show how a probabilistic approach can be used to model anaphora resolution in dialogue.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117332290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristiina Jokinen, Antti Kerminen, T. Jauhiainen, Jukka Kuusisto, G. Wilcock, M. Turunen, Jaakko Hakulinen, K. Lagus
Technological development has made computer interaction more common and also commercially feasible, and the number of interactive systems has grown rapidly. At the same time, the systems should be able to adapt to various situations and various users, so as to provide the most efficient and helpful mode of interaction. The aim of the Interact project is to explore natural human-computer interaction and to develop dialogue models which will allow users to interact with the computer in a natural and robust way. The paper describes the innovative goals of the project and presents ways that the Interact system supports adaptivity on different system design and interaction management levels.
{"title":"Adaptive Dialogue Systems - Interaction with Interact","authors":"Kristiina Jokinen, Antti Kerminen, T. Jauhiainen, Jukka Kuusisto, G. Wilcock, M. Turunen, Jaakko Hakulinen, K. Lagus","doi":"10.3115/1118121.1118131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118121.1118131","url":null,"abstract":"Technological development has made computer interaction more common and also commercially feasible, and the number of interactive systems has grown rapidly. At the same time, the systems should be able to adapt to various situations and various users, so as to provide the most efficient and helpful mode of interaction. The aim of the Interact project is to explore natural human-computer interaction and to develop dialogue models which will allow users to interact with the computer in a natural and robust way. The paper describes the innovative goals of the project and presents ways that the Interact system supports adaptivity on different system design and interaction management levels.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121098198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We address the question of why certain adverb and preposition phrases are only interpretable with respect to the discourse, and not just their own matrix clause. We show that, in many cases, an adverbial's compositional semantics explains why. We close by reporting on an annotation study aimed at providing specific evidence for how adverbials are interpreted with respect to the discourse.
{"title":"A Semantic Account of Adverbials as Discourse Connectives","authors":"Katherine Forbes-Riley, B. Webber","doi":"10.3115/1118121.1118125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118121.1118125","url":null,"abstract":"We address the question of why certain adverb and preposition phrases are only interpretable with respect to the discourse, and not just their own matrix clause. We show that, in many cases, an adverbial's compositional semantics explains why. We close by reporting on an annotation study aimed at providing specific evidence for how adverbials are interpreted with respect to the discourse.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123492559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with conditional responses of the form "Not if c/Yes if c" in reply to a question "?q" in the context of information-seeking dialogues. A conditional response is triggered if the obtainability of q depends on whether c holds: The response indicates a possible need to find alternative solutions, opening a negotiation in the dialogue. The paper discusses the conditions under which conditional responses are appropriate, and proposes a uniform approach to their generation and interpretation.
{"title":"Conditional responses in information-seeking dialogues","authors":"Elena Karagjosova, Ivana Kruijff-Korbayová","doi":"10.3115/1118121.1118133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118121.1118133","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with conditional responses of the form \"Not if c/Yes if c\" in reply to a question \"?q\" in the context of information-seeking dialogues. A conditional response is triggered if the obtainability of q depends on whether c holds: The response indicates a possible need to find alternative solutions, opening a negotiation in the dialogue. The paper discusses the conditions under which conditional responses are appropriate, and proposes a uniform approach to their generation and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124669335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dialogue Acts (DAs) which explicitly ensure mutual understanding are frequent in dialogues between cancer patients and health professionals. We present examples, and argue that this arises from the health-critical nature of these dialogues.
{"title":"Rare Dialogue Acts in Oncology Consultations","authors":"M. Wood, R. Craggs, I. Fletcher, P. Maguire","doi":"10.3115/1118121.1118146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118121.1118146","url":null,"abstract":"Dialogue Acts (DAs) which explicitly ensure mutual understanding are frequent in dialogues between cancer patients and health professionals. We present examples, and argue that this arises from the health-critical nature of these dialogues.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129179901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces Dialogue Macrogame Theory, a method for describing the organization of certain kinds of dialogues. Dialogue Macrogame Theory (DMT) is a successor to a theory sometimes called Dialogue Game Theory, developed in the 1970s and 1980s at USC-Information Sciences Institute (ISI). DMT is able to describe substantially more dialogues than its predecessor, and it identifies kinds of mechanisms not included in the predecessor. DMT is a step toward accounting for the coherence of entire dialogues.The major structures in DMT are based on intentions which are imputed to dialogue participants. The focus of this paper is on mechanisms. Dialogue Macrogames are defined. Another class of mechanisms, called Unilaterals, is also described.A DMT analysis is presented. The analyzed dialogue is an excerpt (41 turns) of actual dialogue from the Apollo 13 mission, from the emergency period after the explosion.DMT is then related to another dialogue analysis method (Carletta, Isard et al. 1997).DMT is an exercised framework, meaning that it has been applied to dialogues from a diversity of situations. These include various emergency communications, tutoring, administrative interactions, online human computer help, medical interviews, laboratory conversational tasks, courtroom questioning of witnesses and hostage negotiation. The paper reports work in progress, and also indicates likely courses of further development.
本文介绍了对话宏观博弈理论，这是一种描述特定类型对话组织的方法。对话宏观博弈论(DMT)是一种有时被称为对话博弈论的理论的继承者，该理论于20世纪70年代和80年代在南加州大学信息科学研究所(ISI)发展起来。DMT能够描述比它的前身多得多的对话，并且它识别了在它的前身中没有包含的各种机制。DMT是对整个对话的连贯性进行解释的一个步骤。DMT中的主要结构是基于对话参与者的意图。本文的重点是机制。宏观游戏是有定义的。另一类机制，称为单侧，也被描述。提出了一种DMT分析方法。经过分析的对话节选自阿波罗13号任务中爆炸后紧急时期的实际对话(41个回合)。然后，DMT与另一种对话分析方法相关(Carletta, Isard et al. 1997)。DMT是一个经过实践的框架，这意味着它已应用于各种情况下的对话。其中包括各种紧急通信、辅导、行政互动、在线人机帮助、医疗面谈、实验室会话任务、法庭上询问证人和人质谈判。该文件报告了正在进行的工作，并指出了进一步发展的可能方向。
{"title":"Dialogue Macrogame Theory","authors":"W. Mann","doi":"10.3115/1118121.1118139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118121.1118139","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces Dialogue Macrogame Theory, a method for describing the organization of certain kinds of dialogues. Dialogue Macrogame Theory (DMT) is a successor to a theory sometimes called Dialogue Game Theory, developed in the 1970s and 1980s at USC-Information Sciences Institute (ISI). DMT is able to describe substantially more dialogues than its predecessor, and it identifies kinds of mechanisms not included in the predecessor. DMT is a step toward accounting for the coherence of entire dialogues.The major structures in DMT are based on intentions which are imputed to dialogue participants. The focus of this paper is on mechanisms. Dialogue Macrogames are defined. Another class of mechanisms, called Unilaterals, is also described.A DMT analysis is presented. The analyzed dialogue is an excerpt (41 turns) of actual dialogue from the Apollo 13 mission, from the emergency period after the explosion.DMT is then related to another dialogue analysis method (Carletta, Isard et al. 1997).DMT is an exercised framework, meaning that it has been applied to dialogues from a diversity of situations. These include various emergency communications, tutoring, administrative interactions, online human computer help, medical interviews, laboratory conversational tasks, courtroom questioning of witnesses and hostage negotiation. The paper reports work in progress, and also indicates likely courses of further development.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"47 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126125064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a machine-learning approach to modeling the distribution of noun phrases (NPs) within clauses with respect to a fine-grained taxonomy of grammatical relations. We demonstrate that a cluster of superficial linguistic features can function as a proxy for more abstract discourse features that are not observable using state-of-the-art natural language processing. The models constructed for actual texts can be used to select among alternative linguistic expressions of the same propositional content when generating discourse.
{"title":"Using decision trees to select the grammatical relation of a noun phrase","authors":"Simon Corston-Oliver","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117744","url":null,"abstract":"We present a machine-learning approach to modeling the distribution of noun phrases (NPs) within clauses with respect to a fine-grained taxonomy of grammatical relations. We demonstrate that a cluster of superficial linguistic features can function as a proxy for more abstract discourse features that are not observable using state-of-the-art natural language processing. The models constructed for actual texts can be used to select among alternative linguistic expressions of the same propositional content when generating discourse.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114185667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We discuss ways to explore how instructional material needs to be structured to be presented with various degrees of interactivity. We use the TRINDI information state approach to model three different degrees of interactivity and present IMDiS, a small experimental implementation based on the GoDiS dialogue system.
{"title":"Document Transformations and Information States","authors":"Staffan Larsson, A. Zaenen","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117749","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss ways to explore how instructional material needs to be structured to be presented with various degrees of interactivity. We use the TRINDI information state approach to model three different degrees of interactivity and present IMDiS, a small experimental implementation based on the GoDiS dialogue system.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128214236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper annotation modularity and use of annotation meta-schemes are identified as basic requirements for achieving actual corpora reusability. We discuss these concepts and the way they are implemented in the architectural framework of the ADAM corpus, which is a corpus of 450 Italian spontaneous dialogues. The design of ADAM architecture is compatible with as many practices of dialogue annotation as possible, as well as approaches to annotation at different levels.
{"title":"ADAM- An Architecture for xml-based Dialogue Annotation on Multiple levels","authors":"C. Soria, R. Cattoni, M. Danieli","doi":"10.3115/1117736.1117738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1117736.1117738","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper annotation modularity and use of annotation meta-schemes are identified as basic requirements for achieving actual corpora reusability. We discuss these concepts and the way they are implemented in the architectural framework of the ADAM corpus, which is a corpus of 450 Italian spontaneous dialogues. The design of ADAM architecture is compatible with as many practices of dialogue annotation as possible, as well as approaches to annotation at different levels.","PeriodicalId":426429,"journal":{"name":"SIGDIAL Workshop","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116518154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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