Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2022.2095843
J. Moreno, Bruce Bradley, M. Okumura, Thomas J. Williams
ABSTRACT To accurately replicate highly complex, flaked stone artifacts using the same raw materials as the original artifacts is a challenge for any present-day flintknapper. Replication of individual bifacial points from a Bronze Age burial mound in Wales led to further study of the artifacts. Integrating experimental replication, technological analysis, x-ray fluorescence, and geometric morphometry, we conducted a study of the bifacial points from the Breach Farm site. Results revealed two technological traditions; the technological details of the production sequences; possible use of a source of Greensand chert in France as raw material on both shores of the English Channel; no evidence of practical use or post-depositional damage; and the considerable expertise of the flintknapper(s). This study suggests contact across the English Channel involving people from Armorica (France) by trade or tribute, and it supports interpretations of production of these artifacts for mortuary contexts rather than functional use as arrowpoints.
{"title":"Two Technological Traditions of Bifacial Points from the Breach Farm Site, Wales: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Lithic Technology Integrating Experimental Replication, X-Ray Fluorescence, and Geometric Morphometry","authors":"J. Moreno, Bruce Bradley, M. Okumura, Thomas J. Williams","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2022.2095843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2022.2095843","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To accurately replicate highly complex, flaked stone artifacts using the same raw materials as the original artifacts is a challenge for any present-day flintknapper. Replication of individual bifacial points from a Bronze Age burial mound in Wales led to further study of the artifacts. Integrating experimental replication, technological analysis, x-ray fluorescence, and geometric morphometry, we conducted a study of the bifacial points from the Breach Farm site. Results revealed two technological traditions; the technological details of the production sequences; possible use of a source of Greensand chert in France as raw material on both shores of the English Channel; no evidence of practical use or post-depositional damage; and the considerable expertise of the flintknapper(s). This study suggests contact across the English Channel involving people from Armorica (France) by trade or tribute, and it supports interpretations of production of these artifacts for mortuary contexts rather than functional use as arrowpoints.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87121632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2021.1965075
Eduardo Williams
ABSTRACT Jeffrey Parsons was a pioneer who expanded the scope of settlement pattern analysis in archaeology. He conducted extensive surveys in Mexico, Peru, and Argentina. Here I discuss Parsons' contributions to ethnographic research with archaeological goals (ethnoarchaeology). His major contributions to the field dealt with Mesoamerican subsistence activities in three broad areas: maguey (Agave sp.) cultivation in the Mexican Highlands; salt-making in aquatic environments (primarily the Basin of Mexico), and the aquatic lifeway (fishing, hunting, gathering, and manufacture). Parsons will be remembered as a scholar who pushed the boundaries of archaeological research, and in so doing greatly expanded our knowledge of Mesoamerican foodways, technology, and cultural adaptations to the environment.
{"title":"Jeffrey R. Parsons and Mesoamerican Ethnoarchaeology","authors":"Eduardo Williams","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2021.1965075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2021.1965075","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Jeffrey Parsons was a pioneer who expanded the scope of settlement pattern analysis in archaeology. He conducted extensive surveys in Mexico, Peru, and Argentina. Here I discuss Parsons' contributions to ethnographic research with archaeological goals (ethnoarchaeology). His major contributions to the field dealt with Mesoamerican subsistence activities in three broad areas: maguey (Agave sp.) cultivation in the Mexican Highlands; salt-making in aquatic environments (primarily the Basin of Mexico), and the aquatic lifeway (fishing, hunting, gathering, and manufacture). Parsons will be remembered as a scholar who pushed the boundaries of archaeological research, and in so doing greatly expanded our knowledge of Mesoamerican foodways, technology, and cultural adaptations to the environment.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80681186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2022.2051281
Juan Jesús Padilla Fernández, Elena H. Sánchez López
ABSTRACT Archaeological studies of pottery production have given little attention to the productive uses of water, building historical discourses without taking into consideration its crucial role in many chaînes opératoires. Structures related to the use of water in pottery-making, such as wells, cisterns, or settling ponds, are very rarely discussed. This article aims to remedy that situation by contributing archaeological, ethnoarchaeological, and experimental evidence of the importance of water and structures related to the use of water in large-scale pottery production in workshops in ancient and traditional Iberia. We propose recognition of the importance of water use in pottery production to develop a greater understanding of how pottery workshops have operated in diverse geographical and chronological contexts.
陶器生产的考古研究很少关注水的生产利用，建立历史话语，而没有考虑到它在许多cha nes opsamatoires中的关键作用。与制陶用水有关的结构，如水井、蓄水池或沉淀池，很少被讨论。本文旨在通过提供考古、民族考古和实验证据来纠正这种情况，这些证据表明水的重要性以及与古代和传统伊比利亚车间大规模陶器生产中用水有关的结构。我们建议认识到用水在陶器生产中的重要性，以更好地了解陶器作坊在不同地理和时间背景下的运作方式。
{"title":"Clay, Fire, Air, and Mostly Water: Understanding the Importance of Water Resources in Pottery Workshops in Ancient Iberia by Integrating Ethnoarchaeological, Experimental, and Archaeological Research","authors":"Juan Jesús Padilla Fernández, Elena H. Sánchez López","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2022.2051281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2022.2051281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archaeological studies of pottery production have given little attention to the productive uses of water, building historical discourses without taking into consideration its crucial role in many chaînes opératoires. Structures related to the use of water in pottery-making, such as wells, cisterns, or settling ponds, are very rarely discussed. This article aims to remedy that situation by contributing archaeological, ethnoarchaeological, and experimental evidence of the importance of water and structures related to the use of water in large-scale pottery production in workshops in ancient and traditional Iberia. We propose recognition of the importance of water use in pottery production to develop a greater understanding of how pottery workshops have operated in diverse geographical and chronological contexts.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74934682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2022.2076979
Tsehay Terefe, Alemseged Beldados
ABSTRACT An ethnoarchaeological study was conducted in northwestern Ethiopia on the cultivation of dagusa (Amharic), commonly known as finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in English. Dagusa is one of the most important cereals and staple foods in East and Central Africa. The field study examined crop-processing activities from land preparation to food processing. The study documented traditional agricultural techniques, land races, labor organization, foods, and rituals associated with cultivation of the crop. Experimental charring was conducted to examine the transformation and preservation of different varieties of dagusa including cultivated and wild progenitor varieties within both oxidized and reduced combustion environments. The results show that survivability varies by seed color at temperatures between 250°C and 350°C. All components of the plants show better rates of survivability at these lower temperatures. The combined ethnoarchaeological and experimental study suggest where and how archaeobotanists may observe evidence of food production and processing of finger millet.
{"title":"Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Charring Studies Related to the Cultivation of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana [L.] Gaertn.) in Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Tsehay Terefe, Alemseged Beldados","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2022.2076979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2022.2076979","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An ethnoarchaeological study was conducted in northwestern Ethiopia on the cultivation of dagusa (Amharic), commonly known as finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in English. Dagusa is one of the most important cereals and staple foods in East and Central Africa. The field study examined crop-processing activities from land preparation to food processing. The study documented traditional agricultural techniques, land races, labor organization, foods, and rituals associated with cultivation of the crop. Experimental charring was conducted to examine the transformation and preservation of different varieties of dagusa including cultivated and wild progenitor varieties within both oxidized and reduced combustion environments. The results show that survivability varies by seed color at temperatures between 250°C and 350°C. All components of the plants show better rates of survivability at these lower temperatures. The combined ethnoarchaeological and experimental study suggest where and how archaeobotanists may observe evidence of food production and processing of finger millet.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90270684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2021.1949781
R. Friedel
{"title":"The Prehispanic Ethnobotany of Paquimé and its Neighbors","authors":"R. Friedel","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2021.1949781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2021.1949781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83308576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2022.2071788
Hsiao Mei Goh, Noridayu Bakry, M. Saidin, D. Curnoe, Ahmad Syahir bin Zukipli, Chaw Yeh Saw, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah bin Masnan, Shaiful Shahidan, Nur Athmar Hashim, Ahmad Farid Abdul Jalal
ABSTRACT The distinctive “saddle-shape” stone knives known as Tembeling knives of West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) have long been used to characterize the early agricultural activities of Neolithic populations in the region. While these tools are morphologically suggestive of a reaping function, their association with early plant use has never been established. The present study explores for the first time the function of Tembeling knives through a preliminary experimental study focusing on technological attributes and usewear profiles. The results indicate continuity in lithic technological processes between Neolithic populations and their foraging predecessors. The experimental work suggests an efficient reaping function for the tool. Additionally, usewear patterns on archaeological examples correspond most closely to the profiles found for siliceous plant-working tools replicated in the experiment.
{"title":"Preliminary Technological and Functional Studies of the Neolithic Stone Reaping Knives from West Malaysia: An Experimental Approach","authors":"Hsiao Mei Goh, Noridayu Bakry, M. Saidin, D. Curnoe, Ahmad Syahir bin Zukipli, Chaw Yeh Saw, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah bin Masnan, Shaiful Shahidan, Nur Athmar Hashim, Ahmad Farid Abdul Jalal","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2022.2071788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2022.2071788","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The distinctive “saddle-shape” stone knives known as Tembeling knives of West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) have long been used to characterize the early agricultural activities of Neolithic populations in the region. While these tools are morphologically suggestive of a reaping function, their association with early plant use has never been established. The present study explores for the first time the function of Tembeling knives through a preliminary experimental study focusing on technological attributes and usewear profiles. The results indicate continuity in lithic technological processes between Neolithic populations and their foraging predecessors. The experimental work suggests an efficient reaping function for the tool. Additionally, usewear patterns on archaeological examples correspond most closely to the profiles found for siliceous plant-working tools replicated in the experiment.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79070102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2022.2059994
S. Biagetti, Abel Ruiz-Giralt, M. Madella, Mongeda Khalid Magzoub, Yamane Meresa, Mulubrhan Haile Gebreselassie, Ghulam Mohiuddin Veesar, Tasleem Alam Abro, Amin Chandio, C. Lancelotti
ABSTRACT Drylands cover more than 40% of the earth’s land surface, are found on all continents, and are home to 30% of the world’s population. Due to water scarcity, they are generally considered unsuitable for lasting human settlement. While pastoralism has been reconceptualized recently as a rational, efficient, and sustainable way to live in drylands, agriculture without irrigation is generally considered unfeasible in hyper-arid and arid drylands. This article presents data collected in ethnographic interviews in dryland areas in three countries, Sudan, Pakistan, and Ethiopia, to document and understand the cultivation practices of pearl millet, finger millet, and sorghum in drylands. Contrary to general trends favoring adoption of more water-intensive crops, our results show that farming without irrigation represents a viable strategy even where rainfall is considered insufficient. We argue that it is important to recognize the sustainability and value of dryland agricultural systems, past, present, and future.
{"title":"No Rain, No Grain? Ethnoarchaeology of Sorghum and Millet Cultivation in Dryland Environments of Sudan, Pakistan, and Ethiopia","authors":"S. Biagetti, Abel Ruiz-Giralt, M. Madella, Mongeda Khalid Magzoub, Yamane Meresa, Mulubrhan Haile Gebreselassie, Ghulam Mohiuddin Veesar, Tasleem Alam Abro, Amin Chandio, C. Lancelotti","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2022.2059994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2022.2059994","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drylands cover more than 40% of the earth’s land surface, are found on all continents, and are home to 30% of the world’s population. Due to water scarcity, they are generally considered unsuitable for lasting human settlement. While pastoralism has been reconceptualized recently as a rational, efficient, and sustainable way to live in drylands, agriculture without irrigation is generally considered unfeasible in hyper-arid and arid drylands. This article presents data collected in ethnographic interviews in dryland areas in three countries, Sudan, Pakistan, and Ethiopia, to document and understand the cultivation practices of pearl millet, finger millet, and sorghum in drylands. Contrary to general trends favoring adoption of more water-intensive crops, our results show that farming without irrigation represents a viable strategy even where rainfall is considered insufficient. We argue that it is important to recognize the sustainability and value of dryland agricultural systems, past, present, and future.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86960993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2022.2078572
C. Hofman, Stéphen Rostain, J. Mans, M. Hoogland
ABSTRACT In recent years, thousands of posthole features have been located during open-area excavations of Indigenous archaeological sites in the Caribbean Islands. However, the reconstruction of village spatial organization and its changes over time is sometimes a challenging task, because Indigenous village occupation can span more than 500 years. This article presents archaeological data from rescue excavations at Argyle, an Indigenous village site dating to the late pre-colonial and early colonial period on Saint Vincent Island in the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean Islands. The archaeological data are juxtaposed with an ethnographic reading of seventeenth-century European documentary sources of the Lesser Antilles and two ethnoarchaeological village studies conducted with Arawakan and Cariban-speaking peoples in the Tropical Lowlands of mainland South America. This study demonstrates the value of an integrated approach in understanding the Argyle site and conceptualizing the dynamics of Indigenous village settlements in the wider Circum-Caribbean area.
{"title":"Constructing from the Invisible: Conceptualizing Indigenous Village Layout and Dynamics in the Circum-Caribbean","authors":"C. Hofman, Stéphen Rostain, J. Mans, M. Hoogland","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2022.2078572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2022.2078572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, thousands of posthole features have been located during open-area excavations of Indigenous archaeological sites in the Caribbean Islands. However, the reconstruction of village spatial organization and its changes over time is sometimes a challenging task, because Indigenous village occupation can span more than 500 years. This article presents archaeological data from rescue excavations at Argyle, an Indigenous village site dating to the late pre-colonial and early colonial period on Saint Vincent Island in the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean Islands. The archaeological data are juxtaposed with an ethnographic reading of seventeenth-century European documentary sources of the Lesser Antilles and two ethnoarchaeological village studies conducted with Arawakan and Cariban-speaking peoples in the Tropical Lowlands of mainland South America. This study demonstrates the value of an integrated approach in understanding the Argyle site and conceptualizing the dynamics of Indigenous village settlements in the wider Circum-Caribbean area.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80678872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2021.1909369
S. Seyler
{"title":"Sugarcane and Rum: The Bittersweet History of Labor and Life on the Yucatán Peninsula","authors":"S. Seyler","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2021.1909369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2021.1909369","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74187502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2020.1863307
David P. Walton
Beekman, Christopher S. 2018. “La secuencia cronológica temprana en Los Guachimontones.” InNuevos enfoques en la arqueología de la región de Tequila: Memoria de la Primera Catedra Phil C. Weigand, edited by Joshua D. Englehardt and Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza, 83–127. Zamora: Colegio de Michoacán. Beekman, Christopher S., and Phil C. Weigand. 2008. “Conclusiones, Cronología y un intento de síntesis.” In Tradición Teuchitlán, edited by Phil C. Weigand, Christopher S. Beekman, and Rodrigo Esparza, 303–337. Zamora: El Colegio de Michoacán.
克里斯托弗·s·比克曼，2018年。“Guachimontones的早期年代顺序”。龙舌兰地区考古的新方法:第一个Catedra Phil C. Weigand的记忆，由Joshua D. Englehardt和Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza编辑，83 - 127。萨莫拉:michoacan学院。Christopher S. Beekman和Phil C. Weigand, 2008。“结论，年表和综合的尝试。”= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为，其中土地面积为，其中土地面积为。萨莫拉:michoacan学院。
{"title":"Experimental Archaeology: Making, Understanding, Story-telling","authors":"David P. Walton","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2020.1863307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2020.1863307","url":null,"abstract":"Beekman, Christopher S. 2018. “La secuencia cronológica temprana en Los Guachimontones.” InNuevos enfoques en la arqueología de la región de Tequila: Memoria de la Primera Catedra Phil C. Weigand, edited by Joshua D. Englehardt and Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza, 83–127. Zamora: Colegio de Michoacán. Beekman, Christopher S., and Phil C. Weigand. 2008. “Conclusiones, Cronología y un intento de síntesis.” In Tradición Teuchitlán, edited by Phil C. Weigand, Christopher S. Beekman, and Rodrigo Esparza, 303–337. Zamora: El Colegio de Michoacán.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85828060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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