Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2020.1864877
B. Starkovich, Patrick Cuthbertson, K. Kitagawa, Nicholas Thompson, G. Konidaris, Veerle Rots, Susanne Münzel, D. Giusti, Viola C. Schmid, Angel Blanco-Lapaz, Christian Lepers, Vangelis Tourloukis
ABSTRACT This article presents a pilot experiment conducted to better understand how Middle Pleistocene hominins might have processed and exploited elephants using simple stone and bone tools. The experiment was conducted in three phases: (1) production of small, flake-based stone tools, (2) butchery of the lower hind-leg of an Indian elephant, and (3) manufacture of bone tools from the tibia. The experiment shows it is possible to cut through elephant skin in under four minutes using small chipped-stone flakes; disarticulating the astragalus from the tibia is relatively easy, whereas disarticulating the astragalus from the other tarsals is difficult; breaking open an elephant tibia is possible in two minutes; the tibia of the elephant used in the experiment lacked a hollow marrow cavity; extraction of the large fatty cushion encased in the metatarsals and phalanges required several hours; and elephant bone tools are useful for retouching lithic materials of differing quality.
{"title":"Minimal Tools, Maximum Meat: A Pilot Experiment to Butcher an Elephant Foot and Make Elephant Bone Tools Using Lower Paleolithic Stone Tool Technology","authors":"B. Starkovich, Patrick Cuthbertson, K. Kitagawa, Nicholas Thompson, G. Konidaris, Veerle Rots, Susanne Münzel, D. Giusti, Viola C. Schmid, Angel Blanco-Lapaz, Christian Lepers, Vangelis Tourloukis","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2020.1864877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2020.1864877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents a pilot experiment conducted to better understand how Middle Pleistocene hominins might have processed and exploited elephants using simple stone and bone tools. The experiment was conducted in three phases: (1) production of small, flake-based stone tools, (2) butchery of the lower hind-leg of an Indian elephant, and (3) manufacture of bone tools from the tibia. The experiment shows it is possible to cut through elephant skin in under four minutes using small chipped-stone flakes; disarticulating the astragalus from the tibia is relatively easy, whereas disarticulating the astragalus from the other tarsals is difficult; breaking open an elephant tibia is possible in two minutes; the tibia of the elephant used in the experiment lacked a hollow marrow cavity; extraction of the large fatty cushion encased in the metatarsals and phalanges required several hours; and elephant bone tools are useful for retouching lithic materials of differing quality.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"10 1","pages":"118 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73842347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2021.1896276
A. Deluca
have opportunity to learn about traditional religion or agricultural practice – rather, they are turning their attention to opportunity outside of the community. For these reasons, Boremanse laments the near “extinction” of the northern Lacandon, though I take some issue with the conflating of cultural practices and people, especially considering there are many who still identify as “Hach Winik,” and perhaps in higher numbers than before. As noted earlier, the observations included in the book focus almost exclusively on Boremanse’s interactions with a select group of married men. This gendered perspective is not uncommon in ethnographies of the Maya and is largely attributable to strict gender roles among the Lacandon. It is unlikely that Boremanse was permitted to observe and communicate with women as freely as he was men. Still, this perspective is quite limiting, and although the reader is carefully shepherded through the intricacies of ritual practice, the implications of such rituals and their role in the wider community are underexplored. This book is intended for scholars and others that already have a fairly strong sense of Maya culture and history and is ideal for researchers interested in Indigenous religious practices of Mexico and Central America. Certainly, given the extensive exploration of material culture, and particularly the use of clay incense burners, the book also has utility for Maya archaeologists. Boremanse’s observations of contemporary practices of depositing clay vessels in caves and around Maya ruins informs interpretations of similar deposits recovered from Precolumbian contexts. It is important to note, however, that the Lacandon are likely not the descendants of the people whose ruins they traverse today, and as such no direct historical association should be made between the practices of the past and those noted in the book. Taken as a whole, Ruins, Caves, Gods, and Incense Burners is an excellent and novel addition to a fairly robust corpus of ethnographic data concerning the Lacandon. The book’s strengths lie in its utility to other researchers, including archaeologists, and its careful attention to detail and nuance.
{"title":"Ancient West Mexico in the Mesoamerican Ecumene","authors":"A. Deluca","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2021.1896276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2021.1896276","url":null,"abstract":"have opportunity to learn about traditional religion or agricultural practice – rather, they are turning their attention to opportunity outside of the community. For these reasons, Boremanse laments the near “extinction” of the northern Lacandon, though I take some issue with the conflating of cultural practices and people, especially considering there are many who still identify as “Hach Winik,” and perhaps in higher numbers than before. As noted earlier, the observations included in the book focus almost exclusively on Boremanse’s interactions with a select group of married men. This gendered perspective is not uncommon in ethnographies of the Maya and is largely attributable to strict gender roles among the Lacandon. It is unlikely that Boremanse was permitted to observe and communicate with women as freely as he was men. Still, this perspective is quite limiting, and although the reader is carefully shepherded through the intricacies of ritual practice, the implications of such rituals and their role in the wider community are underexplored. This book is intended for scholars and others that already have a fairly strong sense of Maya culture and history and is ideal for researchers interested in Indigenous religious practices of Mexico and Central America. Certainly, given the extensive exploration of material culture, and particularly the use of clay incense burners, the book also has utility for Maya archaeologists. Boremanse’s observations of contemporary practices of depositing clay vessels in caves and around Maya ruins informs interpretations of similar deposits recovered from Precolumbian contexts. It is important to note, however, that the Lacandon are likely not the descendants of the people whose ruins they traverse today, and as such no direct historical association should be made between the practices of the past and those noted in the book. Taken as a whole, Ruins, Caves, Gods, and Incense Burners is an excellent and novel addition to a fairly robust corpus of ethnographic data concerning the Lacandon. The book’s strengths lie in its utility to other researchers, including archaeologists, and its careful attention to detail and nuance.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"112 1","pages":"151 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88803118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2021.1902200
Kirby Farah
gleaned from archaeological survey and excavations. The recovery of imported artifacts including perfume containers, medicine bottles, and decorated tablewares illustrate that, though geographically isolated, estates had access to international markets. Although archival documents indicate that haciendas operated with resident laborers, the authors’ archaeological investigations did not recover evidence of laborer housing. Gust and Mathews’ work highlights how social relations, mediated through material culture, make certain people in the past (and present) more visible than others. Throughout the book, the authors emphasize the ways control over alcohol has shaped social and economic opportunities for people across Yucatecan society. While rum played an important role in the ceremonial lives of Maya laborers and frequently served as a source of relief from the demands of hacienda life, hacendados used the control over the distribution and price of rum as one mechanism for perpetuating worker debt. Cantinas that emerged in Yucatán’s cities in the nineteenth century offered women an opportunity for financial independence while subjecting them to alcohol-fueled harassment and abuse. Gust and Mathews conclude by drawing connections between Yucatán’s history of sugar and rum production and the peninsula’s current orientation towards tourism. The authors argue that while the peninsula’s economy has shifted from the production of rum to the production of tourist experiences, the tourism industry continues to profit from and perpetuate exploitative social relations tied to Yucatán’s rum-soaked past. Although the focus of production has changed, Maya laborers in Cancun and Merida, visible or not, continue to play a central role in Yucatán’s economy. Sugarcane and Rum offers important insights into the ways sugar and rum have shaped social relations throughout Yucatán’s history. Gust and Mathews also contribute to the growing body of literature focused on the historical archaeology of the Yucatán Peninsula. Free of jargon and rich in content, this book is a good resource for undergraduate and graduate students interested in the history and archaeology of the Yucatán Peninsula and/or histories of labor.
{"title":"Ruins, Caves, Gods, and Incense Burners: Northern Lacandon, Maya Myths, and Rituals","authors":"Kirby Farah","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2021.1902200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2021.1902200","url":null,"abstract":"gleaned from archaeological survey and excavations. The recovery of imported artifacts including perfume containers, medicine bottles, and decorated tablewares illustrate that, though geographically isolated, estates had access to international markets. Although archival documents indicate that haciendas operated with resident laborers, the authors’ archaeological investigations did not recover evidence of laborer housing. Gust and Mathews’ work highlights how social relations, mediated through material culture, make certain people in the past (and present) more visible than others. Throughout the book, the authors emphasize the ways control over alcohol has shaped social and economic opportunities for people across Yucatecan society. While rum played an important role in the ceremonial lives of Maya laborers and frequently served as a source of relief from the demands of hacienda life, hacendados used the control over the distribution and price of rum as one mechanism for perpetuating worker debt. Cantinas that emerged in Yucatán’s cities in the nineteenth century offered women an opportunity for financial independence while subjecting them to alcohol-fueled harassment and abuse. Gust and Mathews conclude by drawing connections between Yucatán’s history of sugar and rum production and the peninsula’s current orientation towards tourism. The authors argue that while the peninsula’s economy has shifted from the production of rum to the production of tourist experiences, the tourism industry continues to profit from and perpetuate exploitative social relations tied to Yucatán’s rum-soaked past. Although the focus of production has changed, Maya laborers in Cancun and Merida, visible or not, continue to play a central role in Yucatán’s economy. Sugarcane and Rum offers important insights into the ways sugar and rum have shaped social relations throughout Yucatán’s history. Gust and Mathews also contribute to the growing body of literature focused on the historical archaeology of the Yucatán Peninsula. Free of jargon and rich in content, this book is a good resource for undergraduate and graduate students interested in the history and archaeology of the Yucatán Peninsula and/or histories of labor.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"1125 1","pages":"149 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76796922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2021.1896129
G. Papantoniou, Athanasios K. Vionis
ABSTRACT This article explores the materiality of the Orthodox Christian cult of the Epitaphios on Good Friday of 2020 when, during the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and isolation were deemed the most effective means of protecting societies from exposure to the virus. Epitaphios is a metonym that references a venerated object, a decorated cloth or wooden icon bearing the image of Christ prepared for burial. It is placed upon a wooden bier, representing the Tomb of Christ, also called the Epitaphios. During the pandemic, people reacted inventively to restrictions imposed on practicing this communal cult publicly in churches by constructing homemade Epitaphioi and displaying them in privately-owned spaces. We examine the materiality of the homemade Epitaphioi in the context of popular religion, evaluating how crisis may divert the forces of the longue durée into a different channel, and how ethnographic analogy may be useful for understanding ritual and cult in archaeology.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2020.1723232
Dirk Seidensticker
{"title":"Archaeology and Ethnography along the Loango Coast in the South West of the Republic of Congo","authors":"Dirk Seidensticker","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2020.1723232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2020.1723232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"48 1","pages":"75 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91023651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2020.1723234
P. Roscoe
reader is sometimes irritated by spelling mistakes that taint the reading. To sum up, this volume poses a valuable contribution in describing heritage management efforts in the southern Republic of the Congo and displaying the primary data uncovered. Unfortunately, a synthesis between the archaeological and ethnographical observations is hard to find within the text. While the text is accompanied by a fine number of figures, which are usually accompanied by small maps, some of the photos suffer substantially from bad quality. Nonetheless, and in light of the tight project requirements, it cannot be overstressed that the publication is a notable contribution to the research topics mentioned at the onset of this review.
{"title":"Emergent Warfare in Our Evolutionary Past","authors":"P. Roscoe","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2020.1723234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2020.1723234","url":null,"abstract":"reader is sometimes irritated by spelling mistakes that taint the reading. To sum up, this volume poses a valuable contribution in describing heritage management efforts in the southern Republic of the Congo and displaying the primary data uncovered. Unfortunately, a synthesis between the archaeological and ethnographical observations is hard to find within the text. While the text is accompanied by a fine number of figures, which are usually accompanied by small maps, some of the photos suffer substantially from bad quality. Nonetheless, and in light of the tight project requirements, it cannot be overstressed that the publication is a notable contribution to the research topics mentioned at the onset of this review.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"50 12","pages":"77 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72634781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2020.1723220
K. Dongoske
Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dietler, M., and I. Herbich. 1989. “TichMatek: The Technology of Luo Pottery Production and the Definition of Ceramic Style.” World Archaeology 21 (1): 148–164. Dobres, M.A., and J. E. Robb. 2000. Agency in Archaeology. New York: Routledge. Knappett, C., and L. Malafouris. 2008.Material Agency: Towards a Non-Anthropocentric Approach. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. Latour, B. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lemonnier, P. 1992. Elements for an Anthropology of Technology. Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan. Olsen, B. 2003. “Material Culture After Text: Re-membering Things.” Norwegian Archeological Review 36 (2): 87–104. Robb, J. 2010. “Beyond Agency.” World Archaeology 42 (4): 493–520.
{"title":"New Mexico and the Pimeria Alta: The Colonial Period in the American Southwest","authors":"K. Dongoske","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2020.1723220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2020.1723220","url":null,"abstract":"Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dietler, M., and I. Herbich. 1989. “TichMatek: The Technology of Luo Pottery Production and the Definition of Ceramic Style.” World Archaeology 21 (1): 148–164. Dobres, M.A., and J. E. Robb. 2000. Agency in Archaeology. New York: Routledge. Knappett, C., and L. Malafouris. 2008.Material Agency: Towards a Non-Anthropocentric Approach. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. Latour, B. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lemonnier, P. 1992. Elements for an Anthropology of Technology. Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan. Olsen, B. 2003. “Material Culture After Text: Re-membering Things.” Norwegian Archeological Review 36 (2): 87–104. Robb, J. 2010. “Beyond Agency.” World Archaeology 42 (4): 493–520.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"32 1","pages":"66 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75802431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2020.1723229
K. Straight
The monograph, Tarascan Pottery Production in Michoacan, Mexico by Eduardo Williams offers a synthesis of fieldwork among “traditional” potters practicing their craft in Tarascan (Purepecha) commun...
{"title":"Tarascan Pottery Production in Michoacán, Mexico","authors":"K. Straight","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2020.1723229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2020.1723229","url":null,"abstract":"The monograph, Tarascan Pottery Production in Michoacan, Mexico by Eduardo Williams offers a synthesis of fieldwork among “traditional” potters practicing their craft in Tarascan (Purepecha) commun...","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"33 1","pages":"72 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76230381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2020.1735095
A. Hirshman
ABSTRACT Eight decades of ethnographic research provide a rich dataset for studying the changing organization of labor in households involved in specialized pottery production in the Purépecha region of Michoacán, Mexico. Relevant ethnographies are examined to identify the contributions of household members who might be considered “the potter” and the “hidden producers” who are integral to production. This study finds task differentiation, flexibility in task allocation by age and gender, innovation in response to market demand, and changing household composition, together with persistence of household-level pottery production across eight decades. The task-based division of labor and flexible allocation of tasks to different household members facilitates intensification of production, when necessary, and its persistence through political instability, shifting markets, population increase, state-level intervention in pottery production, and wage labor migration out of the region. This approach provides a dynamic, longitudinal model for understanding the organization of household pottery production in the past.
{"title":"“They Too Can Help”: Hidden Producers and Flexibility in the Organization of Collaborative Labor in Pottery-Making Households in Michoacán, México From the 1940s to 2020","authors":"A. Hirshman","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2020.1735095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2020.1735095","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eight decades of ethnographic research provide a rich dataset for studying the changing organization of labor in households involved in specialized pottery production in the Purépecha region of Michoacán, Mexico. Relevant ethnographies are examined to identify the contributions of household members who might be considered “the potter” and the “hidden producers” who are integral to production. This study finds task differentiation, flexibility in task allocation by age and gender, innovation in response to market demand, and changing household composition, together with persistence of household-level pottery production across eight decades. The task-based division of labor and flexible allocation of tasks to different household members facilitates intensification of production, when necessary, and its persistence through political instability, shifting markets, population increase, state-level intervention in pottery production, and wage labor migration out of the region. This approach provides a dynamic, longitudinal model for understanding the organization of household pottery production in the past.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"58 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88023670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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