Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2017.1364513
H. Daniel, Alemseged Beldados
ABSTRACT Ethnoarchaeological research was conducted on traditional agriculture and use of noog (Guizotia abyssinica (L.) Cass.) as well as its wild progenitor, mech (Guizotia scabra (Vis.) Chiov) in present day Ethiopia. The study revealed technological and social aspects of this oil crop. Various traditional processing methods (field and household), division of labor, and economical and cultural values are outlined and described. The study shows the probability of charred remains occurring as a result of field processing noog and household processing of noog and mech. It is, however, difficult to differentiate, based on residue composition, the various field processing activities because of similarity of components and absence of weed seeds associated with the noog crop. The tools used in the processing do not leave evidence in the archaeological record indicative of the presence of noog and mech.
{"title":"Ethnoarchaeological Study of Noog (Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass., Compositae) in Ethiopia","authors":"H. Daniel, Alemseged Beldados","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2017.1364513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2017.1364513","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ethnoarchaeological research was conducted on traditional agriculture and use of noog (Guizotia abyssinica (L.) Cass.) as well as its wild progenitor, mech (Guizotia scabra (Vis.) Chiov) in present day Ethiopia. The study revealed technological and social aspects of this oil crop. Various traditional processing methods (field and household), division of labor, and economical and cultural values are outlined and described. The study shows the probability of charred remains occurring as a result of field processing noog and household processing of noog and mech. It is, however, difficult to differentiate, based on residue composition, the various field processing activities because of similarity of components and absence of weed seeds associated with the noog crop. The tools used in the processing do not leave evidence in the archaeological record indicative of the presence of noog and mech.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"27 1","pages":"16 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84227125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1439298
Jorge de Torres Rodríguez
The name of J. D. Lewis-Williams has been linked for decades to his ground-breaking theory relating shamanism and Southern African rock art, and the interpretation of San paintings in the light of ...
{"title":"Myth and meaning: San-Bushman Folklore in global context","authors":"Jorge de Torres Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2018.1439298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2018.1439298","url":null,"abstract":"The name of J. D. Lewis-Williams has been linked for decades to his ground-breaking theory relating shamanism and Southern African rock art, and the interpretation of San paintings in the light of ...","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"115 1","pages":"70 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85396362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1439299
B. Wayessa
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the cultivation, harvesting and consumption of anchote and examines the social and environmental factors that frame the practice. Anchote, an indigenous tuber crop propagated by seed, is primarily cultivated for its edible tubers. In addition to forming part of the dietary staple of the Wallaga Oromo, the tuber is central to the culture and identity of the people. The tuber is anthropomorphized and often referred to as a relative of fertile women. Indeed, the tuber, women and pottery form a nexus of metaphorical meaning integral to Oromo cosmology. Moreover, cultivation of the tuber is framed by the daily interaction between farmers. The perceived agency of farmland is key to understanding how the Wallaga Oromo struggle to retain, modify or alter anchote culture in a swiftly changing world. Anchote is steamed in a clay pot and its processing results in formation of diagnostic use-alteration. This use-alteration may help to envisage antiquity of tuber production and consumption in the Wallaga region of the southwestern Ethiopian highlands.
{"title":"Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica): A Tuber Viewed as a Relative of Women in the Wallaga Region of Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Wayessa","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2018.1439299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2018.1439299","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper discusses the cultivation, harvesting and consumption of anchote and examines the social and environmental factors that frame the practice. Anchote, an indigenous tuber crop propagated by seed, is primarily cultivated for its edible tubers. In addition to forming part of the dietary staple of the Wallaga Oromo, the tuber is central to the culture and identity of the people. The tuber is anthropomorphized and often referred to as a relative of fertile women. Indeed, the tuber, women and pottery form a nexus of metaphorical meaning integral to Oromo cosmology. Moreover, cultivation of the tuber is framed by the daily interaction between farmers. The perceived agency of farmland is key to understanding how the Wallaga Oromo struggle to retain, modify or alter anchote culture in a swiftly changing world. Anchote is steamed in a clay pot and its processing results in formation of diagnostic use-alteration. This use-alteration may help to envisage antiquity of tuber production and consumption in the Wallaga region of the southwestern Ethiopian highlands.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"70 1","pages":"34 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73450485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1439300
Weston C. McCool, Joan Brenner Coltrain
ABSTRACT The consumption of alcohol in the past is a much-studied subject, largely because alcoholic beverages play an important role in numerous sociopolitical institutions. While alcoholic beverages have been widely acknowledged to be an important component of society, the ability to recognize alcohol intake in ancient contexts has proven difficult. As a result, many authors investigating ancient alcohol have used indirect indicators to reconstruct consumption patterns. In an attempt to produce a direct method, the authors conducted a series of stable isotope analyses in order to establish whether this approach can be used to indicate the existence of maize based alcohol. This paper describes the results of this pilot study, and reveals a potential oxygen isotope signature for maize beer. Our data indicate that the light oxygen isotope is preferentially represented in the CO2 formed during fermentation. Thus, the resulting beverage is more δ18O enriched than the local water source. These results replicate and support similar findings from other maize beer researchers.
{"title":"A Potential Oxygen Isotope Signature of Maize Beer Consumption: An Experimental Pilot Study","authors":"Weston C. McCool, Joan Brenner Coltrain","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2018.1439300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2018.1439300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The consumption of alcohol in the past is a much-studied subject, largely because alcoholic beverages play an important role in numerous sociopolitical institutions. While alcoholic beverages have been widely acknowledged to be an important component of society, the ability to recognize alcohol intake in ancient contexts has proven difficult. As a result, many authors investigating ancient alcohol have used indirect indicators to reconstruct consumption patterns. In an attempt to produce a direct method, the authors conducted a series of stable isotope analyses in order to establish whether this approach can be used to indicate the existence of maize based alcohol. This paper describes the results of this pilot study, and reveals a potential oxygen isotope signature for maize beer. Our data indicate that the light oxygen isotope is preferentially represented in the CO2 formed during fermentation. Thus, the resulting beverage is more δ18O enriched than the local water source. These results replicate and support similar findings from other maize beer researchers.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"16 1","pages":"56 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88267504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1440510
R. Haas, Todd A. Surovell, M. O'brien
ABSTRACT Archaeologists commonly encounter the occupation surfaces of ephemeral prehistoric houses. Within those spaces, artifacts can exhibit considerable spatial structure raising the question of what that structure can tell us about human behavior. We explore a simple site-formation model in which household occupancy, defined here as the average number of individuals who simultaneously occupy a house, positively predicts artifact dispersion. We confront the model with ethnographic observations on the use of space in 19 houses inhabited by Dukha reindeer herders of the Mongolian Taiga. The analysis shows that average occupancy predicts dispersion in the use of household space but that systemic noise, sampling error, and event mixing are likely to overwhelm the behavioral signal. Other factors may therefore be equally or more important in driving the spatial dispersion of household artifacts. The study further suggests an analytical framework for exploring relationships between behavior and archaeological structure using ethnoarchaeological data.
{"title":"Occupancy and the Use of Household Space Among the Dukha","authors":"R. Haas, Todd A. Surovell, M. O'brien","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2018.1440510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2018.1440510","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archaeologists commonly encounter the occupation surfaces of ephemeral prehistoric houses. Within those spaces, artifacts can exhibit considerable spatial structure raising the question of what that structure can tell us about human behavior. We explore a simple site-formation model in which household occupancy, defined here as the average number of individuals who simultaneously occupy a house, positively predicts artifact dispersion. We confront the model with ethnographic observations on the use of space in 19 houses inhabited by Dukha reindeer herders of the Mongolian Taiga. The analysis shows that average occupancy predicts dispersion in the use of household space but that systemic noise, sampling error, and event mixing are likely to overwhelm the behavioral signal. Other factors may therefore be equally or more important in driving the spatial dispersion of household artifacts. The study further suggests an analytical framework for exploring relationships between behavior and archaeological structure using ethnoarchaeological data.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78875331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2017.1364495
L. Weissbrod
{"title":"People with animals: perspectives and studies in ethnozooarchaeology","authors":"L. Weissbrod","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2017.1364495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2017.1364495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"24 1","pages":"184 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88094641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2017.1364488
P. Thebe, K. Sadr
ABSTRACT For many years, archaeologists in Southern Africa have equated pottery “style” with archaeological “cultures” and modern ethno-linguistic groups. In order to investigate this association, we undertook an ethnoarchaeological study of 41 contemporary potters in south-eastern Botswana to observe what social groupings of potters correlate with their preferences for a particular style of making and decorating pots. This paper presents and analyses the firing stage of pottery manufacturing in contemporary south-eastern Botswana and looks for social boundaries in the preference for firing techniques. Unlike a study completed half a century ago, we find that firing technique preferences are village based and reflect the common technique used by potters in that locality, regardless of their linguistic affiliation, ethnic group membership, gender, age, religious persuasion or the network in which they learnt their craft.
{"title":"Firing Pots in Contemporary South-Eastern Botswana","authors":"P. Thebe, K. Sadr","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2017.1364488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2017.1364488","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For many years, archaeologists in Southern Africa have equated pottery “style” with archaeological “cultures” and modern ethno-linguistic groups. In order to investigate this association, we undertook an ethnoarchaeological study of 41 contemporary potters in south-eastern Botswana to observe what social groupings of potters correlate with their preferences for a particular style of making and decorating pots. This paper presents and analyses the firing stage of pottery manufacturing in contemporary south-eastern Botswana and looks for social boundaries in the preference for firing techniques. Unlike a study completed half a century ago, we find that firing technique preferences are village based and reflect the common technique used by potters in that locality, regardless of their linguistic affiliation, ethnic group membership, gender, age, religious persuasion or the network in which they learnt their craft.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"76 1","pages":"146 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88109907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2017.1364053
Anna Stroulia, L. Dubreuil, J. Robitaille, K. Nelson
ABSTRACT The field of macrolithic use-wear analysis has developed dramatically in recent years, but the morphological evolution of surfaces resulting from use has not received much attention. To a large extent, this neglect is due to the substantial amount of time that experiments exploring this aspect would require. This article presents a time-saving experimental program that involves rock salt and sand, used in combination with archaeological data, ethnographic evidence, and an engineering perspective to investigate the so-called saddle work face configuration of grinding tools. This intriguing shape is found among both passive and active tools and includes a concave longitudinal axis and a convex transverse one. Our work uses a Greek Neolithic assemblage as its case study and suggests that the saddle shape can develop as a result of specific kinematics.
{"title":"Salt, Sand, and Saddles: Exploring an Intriguing Work Face Configuration among Grinding Tools","authors":"Anna Stroulia, L. Dubreuil, J. Robitaille, K. Nelson","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2017.1364053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2017.1364053","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The field of macrolithic use-wear analysis has developed dramatically in recent years, but the morphological evolution of surfaces resulting from use has not received much attention. To a large extent, this neglect is due to the substantial amount of time that experiments exploring this aspect would require. This article presents a time-saving experimental program that involves rock salt and sand, used in combination with archaeological data, ethnographic evidence, and an engineering perspective to investigate the so-called saddle work face configuration of grinding tools. This intriguing shape is found among both passive and active tools and includes a concave longitudinal axis and a convex transverse one. Our work uses a Greek Neolithic assemblage as its case study and suggests that the saddle shape can develop as a result of specific kinematics.","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"128 1","pages":"119 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73714466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2017.1364494
D. Killick
{"title":"Les Scories de Forge du Pays Dogon (Mali): Entre Ethnoarchéologie, Archéologie Experimentale et Archéométrie","authors":"D. Killick","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2017.1364494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2017.1364494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"13 1","pages":"187 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90063664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2017.1364491
V. Bowyer
{"title":"Wild harvest: plants in the hominin and pre-agrarian worlds","authors":"V. Bowyer","doi":"10.1080/19442890.2017.1364491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2017.1364491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42668,"journal":{"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","volume":"34 1","pages":"182 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77504797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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