Pub Date : 2021-12-08DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10023
A. Feldman, F. Feldman
This contribution offers a new reading and reconstruction of an addition found in the text of Exod 24:18–25:1 as preserved in 4Q364 (4QRPb) 15. Alluding to Exod 25:8 (and possibly 9), it appears to elucidate the purpose of Moses’s forty days’ long stay atop Mount Sinai and serves as a nexus between Exod 24:18 and the following discussion of the Tabernacle.
{"title":"“Make Me a Sanctuary”","authors":"A. Feldman, F. Feldman","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This contribution offers a new reading and reconstruction of an addition found in the text of Exod 24:18–25:1 as preserved in 4Q364 (4QRPb) 15. Alluding to Exod 25:8 (and possibly 9), it appears to elucidate the purpose of Moses’s forty days’ long stay atop Mount Sinai and serves as a nexus between Exod 24:18 and the following discussion of the Tabernacle.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43883736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-08DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10024
Annie Calderbank
This article offers a hermeneutic approach attentive to the tangled idiomatic and literary interconnections among biblical texts and other Second Temple literature. It focuses on the expressions of divine presence in the Temple Scroll and their prepositions; the divine presence is ‘upon’ the temple and ‘in the midst’ of the people. This prepositional rhetoric engages recurrences and interconnections within and beyond the Hebrew Bible. It thus evokes multiple interlocking resonances and offers a window onto concepts of temple presence across biblical texts and traditions.
{"title":"Reading for Resonance","authors":"Annie Calderbank","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article offers a hermeneutic approach attentive to the tangled idiomatic and literary interconnections among biblical texts and other Second Temple literature. It focuses on the expressions of divine presence in the Temple Scroll and their prepositions; the divine presence is ‘upon’ the temple and ‘in the midst’ of the people. This prepositional rhetoric engages recurrences and interconnections within and beyond the Hebrew Bible. It thus evokes multiple interlocking resonances and offers a window onto concepts of temple presence across biblical texts and traditions.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43344048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1163/15685179-02803001
Arjen Bakker, J. Jokiranta, H. Najman
This thematic issue of Dead Sea Discoveries addresses a fundamental issue in the Humanities and the Social Sciences, namely, the formation of the subject. Must there be a subject at all? Or is it, in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s words, “A whole cloud of philosophy condensed into a drop of grammar”? The subject is that which can ascribe predicates to itself but is not itself predicable of anything else. Through such grammatical characterization, one might seek to give as neutral and as broad as possible an account of what has been conceptualized as the rational soul, the self, the mind, the agent, etc. This philosophical conception can be sharpened by philological, historical and anthropological questions: how does the subject change from one culture to another through translation, and from one period to another through commentary? Philosophers and cultural historians have pointed out that the new scientific worldview that emerged in the early modern period was accompanied by a new understanding of the human self, or the subject. This notion of a rational subject that is entirely separate from physical matter finds expression in RenéDescartes’s “discovery” of the thinking “I” in hisMeditations (1641). Shortly after Descartes, we find the first explicit formulation of a self-reflexive subject in John Locke’s Essay onHumanUnderstanding (1690). In the 20th century, the philosopher Charles Taylor argues that the subject has come to be identified
{"title":"Formation of the Subject—Essays in Honor of Carol Newsom’s 70th Birthday","authors":"Arjen Bakker, J. Jokiranta, H. Najman","doi":"10.1163/15685179-02803001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-02803001","url":null,"abstract":"This thematic issue of Dead Sea Discoveries addresses a fundamental issue in the Humanities and the Social Sciences, namely, the formation of the subject. Must there be a subject at all? Or is it, in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s words, “A whole cloud of philosophy condensed into a drop of grammar”? The subject is that which can ascribe predicates to itself but is not itself predicable of anything else. Through such grammatical characterization, one might seek to give as neutral and as broad as possible an account of what has been conceptualized as the rational soul, the self, the mind, the agent, etc. This philosophical conception can be sharpened by philological, historical and anthropological questions: how does the subject change from one culture to another through translation, and from one period to another through commentary? Philosophers and cultural historians have pointed out that the new scientific worldview that emerged in the early modern period was accompanied by a new understanding of the human self, or the subject. This notion of a rational subject that is entirely separate from physical matter finds expression in RenéDescartes’s “discovery” of the thinking “I” in hisMeditations (1641). Shortly after Descartes, we find the first explicit formulation of a self-reflexive subject in John Locke’s Essay onHumanUnderstanding (1690). In the 20th century, the philosopher Charles Taylor argues that the subject has come to be identified","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41674820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10025
P. M. Lasater
This article discusses the “heart” as part of the terminology for selfhood in ancient Jewish literature. After discussing a couple of criticisms of studies of the self and showing how these criticisms fail to persuade, the paper examines a range of texts in the Hebrew Bible, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and beyond for conceptions of the moral self. Special attention is given to the legal S tradition in the Scrolls as a fruitful illustration of how the self and law are recurring conceptual companions. In this legal tradition, a universalizing conception of selfhood and agency is rooted in local, practical concerns of a community.
{"title":"The Heart of Self Formation","authors":"P. M. Lasater","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article discusses the “heart” as part of the terminology for selfhood in ancient Jewish literature. After discussing a couple of criticisms of studies of the self and showing how these criticisms fail to persuade, the paper examines a range of texts in the Hebrew Bible, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and beyond for conceptions of the moral self. Special attention is given to the legal S tradition in the Scrolls as a fruitful illustration of how the self and law are recurring conceptual companions. In this legal tradition, a universalizing conception of selfhood and agency is rooted in local, practical concerns of a community.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10026
Ingrid E. Lilly
A contribution to Western genealogies of the self, the corporeality of the Hebrew soul (nefeš) is explored through the lens of ancient medical discourses. Using the example of bitterness as an ethnomedical syndrome, this essay shows how the Hebrew idiom “bitter nefeš” acts as an embodied channel of flux in illness narratives about bodily suffering and healing.
{"title":"The Corporeality of the Self","authors":"Ingrid E. Lilly","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A contribution to Western genealogies of the self, the corporeality of the Hebrew soul (nefeš) is explored through the lens of ancient medical discourses. Using the example of bitterness as an ethnomedical syndrome, this essay shows how the Hebrew idiom “bitter nefeš” acts as an embodied channel of flux in illness narratives about bodily suffering and healing.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43855059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10028
Carol A. Newsom
Although the lived experience of subjectivity for persons in antiquity cannot be known directly, one can study certain texts as tools for the formation of subjects. Among the Dead Sea Scrolls two compositions are particularly instructive, the Hodayot found in 1QHa 2–9, 18–28 (the Hodayot of the Maskil, also known as Hodayot of the Community) and the Two Spirits Teaching (1QS 3:13–4:26). Each develops an understanding of subjectivity based on subtle interpretations of creation traditions, developed through sophisticated intertextual readings. The Hodayot privilege Gen 2–3; the Two Spirits Teaching emphasizes Gen 1. Although mutually contradictory on the surface, the two accounts actually develop subjectivities that share many similarities. By analyzing these converging patterns one may get some sense of the lived subjectivity that was created by the various texts and practices of the Yahad community.
{"title":"Genesis 1–3 and the Formation of Subjectivity in the Hodayot and the Two Spirits Teaching","authors":"Carol A. Newsom","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Although the lived experience of subjectivity for persons in antiquity cannot be known directly, one can study certain texts as tools for the formation of subjects. Among the Dead Sea Scrolls two compositions are particularly instructive, the Hodayot found in 1QHa 2–9, 18–28 (the Hodayot of the Maskil, also known as Hodayot of the Community) and the Two Spirits Teaching (1QS 3:13–4:26). Each develops an understanding of subjectivity based on subtle interpretations of creation traditions, developed through sophisticated intertextual readings. The Hodayot privilege Gen 2–3; the Two Spirits Teaching emphasizes Gen 1. Although mutually contradictory on the surface, the two accounts actually develop subjectivities that share many similarities. By analyzing these converging patterns one may get some sense of the lived subjectivity that was created by the various texts and practices of the Yahad community.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41518217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10029
David Lambert
This paper considers whether biblical narrative was used as part of a technology of the self in Jewish antiquity. Many have seen the assumption that Israel’s ancestors were perfect and, hence, worthy of imitation as essential to the Bible’s identity as Scripture around the turn of the Common Era. Recently several scholars have detailed the specific dynamics of exemplarity among certain readers of the Bible, such as Philo, particularly in light of Hellenistic and Roman models. Such work draws attention to the relative lack of explicit attestation for such a practice in much of ancient Jewish literature. As a next step, we need to further delineate what constitutes a literary practice of exemplarity and explore alternatives or additions to it, such as memorialization. To do so, this paper examines a range of texts, including the Genesis Apocryphon, the Book of Jubilees, Ben Sira, Philo, Josephus, and the rabbinic collection, Genesis Rabbah.
{"title":"Biblical Narrative as Ethics?","authors":"David Lambert","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper considers whether biblical narrative was used as part of a technology of the self in Jewish antiquity. Many have seen the assumption that Israel’s ancestors were perfect and, hence, worthy of imitation as essential to the Bible’s identity as Scripture around the turn of the Common Era. Recently several scholars have detailed the specific dynamics of exemplarity among certain readers of the Bible, such as Philo, particularly in light of Hellenistic and Roman models. Such work draws attention to the relative lack of explicit attestation for such a practice in much of ancient Jewish literature. As a next step, we need to further delineate what constitutes a literary practice of exemplarity and explore alternatives or additions to it, such as memorialization. To do so, this paper examines a range of texts, including the Genesis Apocryphon, the Book of Jubilees, Ben Sira, Philo, Josephus, and the rabbinic collection, Genesis Rabbah.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42582569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10027
Ishay Rosen-Zvi
The halakhic practice does more than regulating the inner world; it takes part in forming it, generating a unique legal subject. But is there a unique halakhic Self? This article examines this question in the context of Tannaitic halakha, both Mishnaic and Midrashic. More specifically I ask whether one can speak of subjectivity in Tannaitic halakha. I study the relationship between anonymous halakhic rulings and specific positions presented in the name of individual sages or argued with the force of personal commitment. Through analyzing the “I” language in Tannaitic literature, in comparison with the rhetoric of prerabbinic halakha, I wish to advance the ongoing search for the rabbinic Self.
{"title":"The Rhetorical Self in Tannaitic Halakha","authors":"Ishay Rosen-Zvi","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The halakhic practice does more than regulating the inner world; it takes part in forming it, generating a unique legal subject. But is there a unique halakhic Self? This article examines this question in the context of Tannaitic halakha, both Mishnaic and Midrashic. More specifically I ask whether one can speak of subjectivity in Tannaitic halakha. I study the relationship between anonymous halakhic rulings and specific positions presented in the name of individual sages or argued with the force of personal commitment. Through analyzing the “I” language in Tannaitic literature, in comparison with the rhetoric of prerabbinic halakha, I wish to advance the ongoing search for the rabbinic Self.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48612527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10030
Friedhelm Hartenstein
This article examines the use of the verbs of “meditation” śyḥ and hgh and the corresponding nouns, especially in the Psalms and the Hodayot. Focusing on “meditation” sheds light on the constitution and transformation of an inner self-awareness in Judaism during the Second Temple period. In addition, this article draws on insights from historical and philosophical anthropology to support and deepen the argument. The article examines four Psalms groups from the Hebrew Bible and the Hodayot in order to reveal conceptual and terminological continuity as well as a more precise understanding of reflective literary practices in early Jewish scribal culture.
{"title":"“May My Musings Please Him” (Psalm 104:34)","authors":"Friedhelm Hartenstein","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the use of the verbs of “meditation” śyḥ and hgh and the corresponding nouns, especially in the Psalms and the Hodayot. Focusing on “meditation” sheds light on the constitution and transformation of an inner self-awareness in Judaism during the Second Temple period. In addition, this article draws on insights from historical and philosophical anthropology to support and deepen the argument. The article examines four Psalms groups from the Hebrew Bible and the Hodayot in order to reveal conceptual and terminological continuity as well as a more precise understanding of reflective literary practices in early Jewish scribal culture.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43787171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10018
Y. Adler
Approximately thirty tefillin cases were discovered in the Judean Desert. The publishers of these finds distinguished between single-compartment cases, which they identified as “arm-tefillin,” and four-compartment cases, which they identified as “head-tefillin.” Here I present a further typological distinction between two subtypes among the four-compartment tefillin cases: (1) the “simple-type,” in which a single line of stitching separates the compartments from one another, and (2) the “split-type,” in which the compartments are separated by incisions in the leather and each compartment is stitched closed individually. It seems likely that some kind of ritual issue is at stake, and an allusion to these two types as competing halakhic practices may be found in the tannaitic literature—with the rabbis ultimately rejecting the “split-type.” The Judean Desert finds may represent a synchronic debate between competing groups, a diachronic development, or perhaps practices followed contemporaneously by members of one and the same group.
{"title":"Two Types of Four-Compartment Tefillin Cases from the Judean Desert Caves","authors":"Y. Adler","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Approximately thirty tefillin cases were discovered in the Judean Desert. The publishers of these finds distinguished between single-compartment cases, which they identified as “arm-tefillin,” and four-compartment cases, which they identified as “head-tefillin.” Here I present a further typological distinction between two subtypes among the four-compartment tefillin cases: (1) the “simple-type,” in which a single line of stitching separates the compartments from one another, and (2) the “split-type,” in which the compartments are separated by incisions in the leather and each compartment is stitched closed individually. It seems likely that some kind of ritual issue is at stake, and an allusion to these two types as competing halakhic practices may be found in the tannaitic literature—with the rabbis ultimately rejecting the “split-type.” The Judean Desert finds may represent a synchronic debate between competing groups, a diachronic development, or perhaps practices followed contemporaneously by members of one and the same group.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45421241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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