Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10052
Årstein Justnes
When first announced, many of the post-2002 Dead Sea Scrolls-like fragments were depicted as experienced travelers having moved over long distances. Some of Martin Schøyen’s fragments had allegedly been to Bethlehem, Lebanon, and Zurich before they eventually came to Norway. According to Weston W. Fields, the so-called Butterfly fragment—William Kando’s fabled Genesis scroll—was first sent to Germany before it “made its way to the vault [in Switzerland]” in 1965 or 1966. Other fragments had traveled from Bethlehem to Beirut, from Beirut to Cyprus, and from Cyprus to Zurich, but no one seemed to know exactly how. In most cases the fragments “appeared,” “found/made their way,” “turned up,” “saw the light,” or “surfaced” in the fulness of time. More recently, the Israel Antiquities Authority’s (IAA) sensational (and unprovenanced) “Ishmael Papyrus” was even said to have “come to the awareness of epigraphists” 50 years after an unnamed Montana woman hung it on the wall in her living room. The fragment’s last trip from Montana to the IAA’s Dead Sea Scrolls lab managed to transform the living room decoration into a Dead Sea Scroll fragment of great scientific interest. In this article, I analyze some of these itineraries—the routes between the ideal starting point (Khirbet Qumran or, more specifically, Qumran Cave 4) and the ideal laundering point (Zurich, a Swiss vault, the IAA’s Dead Sea Scrolls lab)—and discuss their function. My main interest is to show how stories of long-distance mobility transform the status of fake and unprovenanced fragments.
{"title":"From Qumran Caves to Swiss Vaults","authors":"Årstein Justnes","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10052","url":null,"abstract":"When first announced, many of the post-2002 Dead Sea Scrolls-like fragments were depicted as experienced travelers having moved over long distances. Some of Martin Schøyen’s fragments had allegedly been to Bethlehem, Lebanon, and Zurich before they eventually came to Norway. According to Weston W. Fields, the so-called Butterfly fragment—William Kando’s fabled Genesis scroll—was first sent to Germany before it “made its way to the vault [in Switzerland]” in 1965 or 1966. Other fragments had traveled from Bethlehem to Beirut, from Beirut to Cyprus, and from Cyprus to Zurich, but no one seemed to know exactly how. In most cases the fragments “appeared,” “found/made their way,” “turned up,” “saw the light,” or “surfaced” in the fulness of time. More recently, the Israel Antiquities Authority’s (<jats:sc>IAA</jats:sc>) sensational (and unprovenanced) “Ishmael Papyrus” was even said to have “come to the awareness of epigraphists” 50 years after an unnamed Montana woman hung it on the wall in her living room. The fragment’s last trip from Montana to the <jats:sc>IAA</jats:sc>’s Dead Sea Scrolls lab managed to transform the living room decoration into a Dead Sea Scroll fragment of great scientific interest. In this article, I analyze some of these itineraries—the routes between the ideal starting point (Khirbet Qumran or, more specifically, Qumran Cave 4) and the ideal laundering point (Zurich, a Swiss vault, the <jats:sc>IAA</jats:sc>’s Dead Sea Scrolls lab)—and discuss their function. My main interest is to show how stories of long-distance mobility transform the status of fake and unprovenanced fragments.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10050
Chanan Ariel
The phrase ממולח טוהר appears four times in the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice, describing the firmament and the angels’ garments. John Strugnell, followed by most scholars, proposed that the phrase be understood as “purely blended.” An examination of the context in which the phrase appears in the Songs supports the possibility that its use began as a reference to the brightness of the firmament and was then extended to apply to the angels’ garments. Our review of the semantic field of the four roots common to the descriptions of the preparation of the incense, the garments, and the firmament—דק״ק, מל״ח, רק״ע, and שח״ק—(a semantic field that was already recognized by the medieval Hebrew grammarians) strengthens the claim of Jean Carmignac, rejected by most scholars, that ממולח means “thin and fine.” In my opinion, the phrase ממולח טוהר is to be understood as “characterized by a thin, fine brightness.”
{"title":"ממולח טוהר: Qumranic and Medieval Exegesis","authors":"Chanan Ariel","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The phrase <styled-content lang=\"he-Hebr\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">ממולח טוהר</styled-content> appears four times in the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice, describing the firmament and the angels’ garments. John Strugnell, followed by most scholars, proposed that the phrase be understood as “purely blended.” An examination of the context in which the phrase appears in the Songs supports the possibility that its use began as a reference to the brightness of the firmament and was then extended to apply to the angels’ garments. Our review of the semantic field of the four roots common to the descriptions of the preparation of the incense, the garments, and the firmament—<styled-content lang=\"he-Hebr\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">דק״ק</styled-content>, <styled-content lang=\"he-Hebr\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">מל״ח</styled-content>, <styled-content lang=\"he-Hebr\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">רק״ע</styled-content>, and <styled-content lang=\"he-Hebr\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">שח״ק</styled-content>—(a semantic field that was already recognized by the medieval Hebrew grammarians) strengthens the claim of Jean Carmignac, rejected by most scholars, that <styled-content lang=\"he-Hebr\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">ממולח</styled-content> means “thin and fine.” In my opinion, the phrase <styled-content lang=\"he-Hebr\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">ממולח טוהר</styled-content> is to be understood as “characterized by a thin, fine brightness.”</p>","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10049
Michael Press
This article considers the collection history of the so-called “Seiyal Collection,” purchased by the Palestine Archaeological Museum in 1952 and 1953. While the Taʿamireh Bedouin and/or Khalil Iskander Shahin reported the material as coming from Wadi Seiyal, much if not all of the material was actually looted from caves in Nahal Hever. The common claim that the Bedouin misreported the findspot to hide the fact that they had smuggled the material from Israel into then-Jordanian-held East Jerusalem cannot be correct, as the caves along both Wadi Seiyal and Nahal Hever are on the Israeli side of the Green Line. The article considers why the provenance was misreported, whether the scrolls team knew that the material had been smuggled from Israel, and the implications of these issues both for our understanding of the scrolls and for scholarly ethics.
{"title":"The Provenance of the “Seiyal Collection”: History and Implications","authors":"Michael Press","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article considers the collection history of the so-called “Seiyal Collection,” purchased by the Palestine Archaeological Museum in 1952 and 1953. While the Taʿamireh Bedouin and/or Khalil Iskander Shahin reported the material as coming from Wadi Seiyal, much if not all of the material was actually looted from caves in Nahal Hever. The common claim that the Bedouin misreported the findspot to hide the fact that they had smuggled the material from Israel into then-Jordanian-held East Jerusalem cannot be correct, as the caves along both Wadi Seiyal and Nahal Hever are on the Israeli side of the Green Line. The article considers why the provenance was misreported, whether the scrolls team knew that the material had been smuggled from Israel, and the implications of these issues both for our understanding of the scrolls and for scholarly ethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10051
Christian Stadel
Forms like ידורשהו, viz. qal stem prefix conjugation forms with an object suffix in which a mater lectionis indicates the presence of a rounded vowel after the first radical, constitute the only unique Qumran Hebrew morphological trait that has no parallels in other traditions of the language. In this paper, I suggest a new explanation for the development of these forms (and of orthographically similar qal stem imperatives and infinitives). While previous research tried to explain the forms as resulting from analogy, I propose that they are (by and large) the result of regular sound change: vowel deletion of the unstressed stem vowel followed by the emergence of an epenthetic copy vowel that originated in the masculine plural forms.
像ידרושהו这样的形式，即带有宾语后缀的qal词干前缀连接形式，其中的mater lectionis表示在第一个部首之后有一个圆元音，构成了库姆兰希伯来语唯一独特的形态特征，在其他语言传统中没有相似之处。在本文中，我对这些形式（以及正字法上类似的 qal 干祈使句和不定式）的发展提出了新的解释。以前的研究试图将这些形式解释为类比的结果，而我则认为它们（大体上）是有规律的声音变化的结果：非重音词干元音被删除，随后出现了源自阳性复数形式的外音复制元音。
{"title":"Qumran Hebrew Qal Prefix Conjugation Forms with Mater w after the First Radical: Or: הצורה אומרת תדורשני","authors":"Christian Stadel","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forms like <styled-content lang=\"he-Hebr\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">ידורשהו</styled-content>, viz. <em>qal</em> stem prefix conjugation forms with an object suffix in which a <em>mater lectionis</em> indicates the presence of a rounded vowel after the first radical, constitute the only unique Qumran Hebrew morphological trait that has no parallels in other traditions of the language. In this paper, I suggest a new explanation for the development of these forms (and of orthographically similar <em>qal</em> stem imperatives and infinitives). While previous research tried to explain the forms as resulting from analogy, I propose that they are (by and large) the result of regular sound change: vowel deletion of the unstressed stem vowel followed by the emergence of an epenthetic copy vowel that originated in the masculine plural forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10048
Mladen Popović, Eibert Tigchelaar
Recent research has introduced the categories of deluxe or high-quality Dead Sea Scrolls. We reconsider this category and propose a classification of manuscripts on the basis of handwriting quality. As a test case, we classify all Hasmonaean-type biblical manuscripts as elegant, professional, or substandard. We discuss eleven scrolls with elegant handwriting and consider other physical, scribal, and textual features of these scrolls. Our study calls into question the idea that especially biblical manuscripts would have been copied according to the highest standards. We show that different quality standards were in operation for Hasmonaean-type biblical manuscripts.
{"title":"The Quality of Hasmonaean Biblical Manuscripts","authors":"Mladen Popović, Eibert Tigchelaar","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10048","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has introduced the categories of deluxe or high-quality Dead Sea Scrolls. We reconsider this category and propose a classification of manuscripts on the basis of handwriting quality. As a test case, we classify all Hasmonaean-type biblical manuscripts as elegant, professional, or substandard. We discuss eleven scrolls with elegant handwriting and consider other physical, scribal, and textual features of these scrolls. Our study calls into question the idea that especially biblical manuscripts would have been copied according to the highest standards. We show that different quality standards were in operation for Hasmonaean-type biblical manuscripts.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138686349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10044
Ayhan Aksu
This essay will explore to which the degree the opisthographic papyri from Qumran can be seen as a scribal cluster, which I understand to be a group of manuscripts that were produced and/or circulated within the same scribal context. This contribution will present a case study by focusing on the papyrus opisthographs 4Q433a/4Q255, 4Q499/4Q497, 4Q503/4Q512, and 4Q509/4Q496/4Q506. These manuscripts will be considered by combining material and textual approaches. Analysis from the perspective of palaeography and codicology will establish if these scrolls share significant material features, such as writing style, columnisation, and scribal markings. Textual analysis will assess the intertextual relations between these compositions and explore whether they share common themes and vocabulary. This case study aims to increase our understanding of how the scribes behind the Dead Sea Scrolls engaged with their texts, and explores different scholarly approaches to reconstruct ancient groupings of texts.
{"title":"The Qumran Opisthographic Papyri as a Scribal Cluster of Manuscripts","authors":"Ayhan Aksu","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10044","url":null,"abstract":"This essay will explore to which the degree the opisthographic papyri from Qumran can be seen as a scribal cluster, which I understand to be a group of manuscripts that were produced and/or circulated within the same scribal context. This contribution will present a case study by focusing on the papyrus opisthographs 4Q433a/4Q255, 4Q499/4Q497, 4Q503/4Q512, and 4Q509/4Q496/4Q506. These manuscripts will be considered by combining material and textual approaches. Analysis from the perspective of palaeography and codicology will establish if these scrolls share significant material features, such as writing style, columnisation, and scribal markings. Textual analysis will assess the intertextual relations between these compositions and explore whether they share common themes and vocabulary. This case study aims to increase our understanding of how the scribes behind the Dead Sea Scrolls engaged with their texts, and explores different scholarly approaches to reconstruct ancient groupings of texts.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138686360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10046
Asaf Gayer
4Q69 consists of two small papyrus fragments treating to Isa 5:28–30. Following Raffaella Cribiore’s criterion for identification of scribal exercises, an analysis of the textual variants to which the 4Q69 fragments attest will serve as a platform for exploring why the scribe(s) chose papyrus instead of parchment as his medium, the implications of the scroll’s column width, and the significance of its semi-cursive script and calligraphic traits. Engaging in a holistic assessment of the scroll’s purpose and use, this paper submits that rather than constituting a complete copy of the biblical book of Isaiah, it is a partial copy for use as a scribal exercise of a mid-level student. It thus sheds light on the educational process underlying the production of 4Q69 as the importance attached to the book of Isaiah during the Second Temple period and the book’s distinctive, authoritative status.
{"title":"Reconsidering 4Q69 (4QpapIsap)","authors":"Asaf Gayer","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10046","url":null,"abstract":"4Q69 consists of two small papyrus fragments treating to Isa 5:28–30. Following Raffaella Cribiore’s criterion for identification of scribal exercises, an analysis of the textual variants to which the 4Q69 fragments attest will serve as a platform for exploring why the scribe(s) chose papyrus instead of parchment as his medium, the implications of the scroll’s column width, and the significance of its semi-cursive script and calligraphic traits. Engaging in a holistic assessment of the scroll’s purpose and use, this paper submits that rather than constituting a complete copy of the biblical book of Isaiah, it is a partial copy for use as a scribal exercise of a mid-level student. It thus sheds light on the educational process underlying the production of 4Q69 as the importance attached to the book of Isaiah during the Second Temple period and the book’s distinctive, authoritative status.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138686256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10045
Hila Dayfani
Four manuscripts from Qumran Cave 4 are identified as manuscripts that constitute a collection of excerpts from Deuteronomy: 4Q37, 4Q38, 4Q41, and 4Q44. This paper focuses on 4Q37 and its contribution to understanding the larger group of Deuteronomy-excerpted texts. Based on material reconstruction of the scroll, the paper confirms that it originally included excerpts from both Deuteronomy and Exodus. This conclusion establishes the existence of a repertoire of scriptural sections that were selected and cited in special-use—probably liturgical—texts. The broader implications for the reception history of the Pentateuch in Second Temple times is that the Pentateuch was not conceptualized solely as a legal code or intellectual text but also as a text that was used in liturgy.
{"title":"4Q37 and Excerpted Texts of Deuteronomy from Qumran","authors":"Hila Dayfani","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10045","url":null,"abstract":"Four manuscripts from Qumran Cave 4 are identified as manuscripts that constitute a collection of excerpts from Deuteronomy: 4Q37, 4Q38, 4Q41, and 4Q44. This paper focuses on 4Q37 and its contribution to understanding the larger group of Deuteronomy-excerpted texts. Based on material reconstruction of the scroll, the paper confirms that it originally included excerpts from both Deuteronomy and Exodus. This conclusion establishes the existence of a repertoire of scriptural sections that were selected and cited in special-use—probably liturgical—texts. The broader implications for the reception history of the Pentateuch in Second Temple times is that the Pentateuch was not conceptualized solely as a legal code or intellectual text but also as a text that was used in liturgy.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138686257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15685179-bja10047
Michael B. Johnson
This article evaluates the debated placements of fragments in the reconstruction of the War Scroll from Cave 1 (1QM). There are three fragments (frags. 3, 9, 10) and one large fragment cluster (1QM 2, 8, DSSHU pl. 34; 1Q33 2) that are contested in 1QM scholarship. These placements are important for establishing the text of 1QM and the determination of whether there was another War Scroll from Cave 1 among the fragments assigned to 1QM and 1Q33. I will evaluate the remaining debates about fragment placements in 1QM, focusing especially on Hanan and Esther Eshel’s proposal (2000) that the large fragment cluster is not part of 1QM but is the remnant of a different scroll, which they label 1QMa. To assist in weighing the plausibility of fragment placements in 1QM, this article incorporates 3D visualizations of how 1QM would appear in a rolled state to demonstrate how well some proposed fragment placements cohere with the scroll’s damage patterns.
{"title":"Wrapping Up 1QM","authors":"Michael B. Johnson","doi":"10.1163/15685179-bja10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10047","url":null,"abstract":"This article evaluates the debated placements of fragments in the reconstruction of the War Scroll from Cave 1 (1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc>). There are three fragments (frags. 3, 9, 10) and one large fragment cluster (1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc> 2, 8, <jats:italic><jats:sc>DSSHU</jats:sc></jats:italic> pl. 34; 1Q33 2) that are contested in 1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc> scholarship. These placements are important for establishing the text of 1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc> and the determination of whether there was another War Scroll from Cave 1 among the fragments assigned to 1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc> and 1Q33. I will evaluate the remaining debates about fragment placements in 1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc>, focusing especially on Hanan and Esther Eshel’s proposal (2000) that the large fragment cluster is not part of 1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc> but is the remnant of a different scroll, which they label 1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc><jats:sup>a</jats:sup>. To assist in weighing the plausibility of fragment placements in 1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc>, this article incorporates 3D visualizations of how 1<jats:sc>QM</jats:sc> would appear in a rolled state to demonstrate how well some proposed fragment placements cohere with the scroll’s damage patterns.","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138686359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1163/15685179-tat00010
M. Jost
{"title":"Qumran: Die Schriftrollen vom Toten Meer und die Entstehung des biblischen Judentums , by Reinhard G. Kratz","authors":"M. Jost","doi":"10.1163/15685179-tat00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-tat00010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42669,"journal":{"name":"Dead Sea Discoveries","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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