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Post-COVID ecology: mutation, immunology, and inequivalence in Jacques Derrida’s aneconomy 后冠状病毒生态学:雅克·德里达经济中的突变、免疫学和不平等
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1600910X.2022.2095577
Sam La Védrine
ABSTRACT If the climate emergency’s imperative has seemingly been delayed by Covid-19, this article identifies a disequilibrium problem applied to the general economical thought of capitalism and ecology. Drawing a correlation, it offers a conceptually communist, aneconomic configuration. Addressing how current practise both privileges the human as differentiated from the non-human, and simultaneously places ontology unequally within unsustainable ecosystems, it reads several texts of Jacques Derrida. Following a summary of recent ecological and non-ecological commentaries on the formulation of aneconomy, and a given revision of Georges Bataille’s general economy, my Derrida exegesis is split between the early notion of différance, and its later concerns in post-1989 texts preceding his final seminar on sovereignty from 2001 to 2003. Concentrating on Derrida’s formulations of immunology, mutation, and inequivalence, my argument for an ecological aneconomy builds by examining Derrida’s deconstruction of oikos and the propre; a differentiation of excess and expenditure in material and idealist dialectics; his identification and subsequent expression of a proposition of irrefutable justice; and a challenge to animal-relegating presuppositions of human propriety. After Derrida, I argue for a necessarily valueless ecology, its imperative ontologically aneconomic and having no possible exception in necessitating a rethinking of the ontology of inequivalence.
如果说气候紧急情况似乎被Covid-19推迟了,那么本文指出了一个适用于资本主义和生态的一般经济思想的不平衡问题。通过相互关联,它提供了一个概念上的共产主义、经济结构。为了解决当前的实践如何将人类与非人类区分开来的特权,同时将本体不平等地置于不可持续的生态系统中,它阅读了雅克·德里达的几篇文章。在总结了最近关于经济形成的生态和非生态评论,以及对乔治·巴塔耶(Georges Bataille)的一般经济学的特定修订之后,我对德里达的注释分为早期的差异概念,以及他在2001年至2003年最后一次主权研讨会之前1989年后的文本中对其的关注。专注于德里达关于免疫学、突变和不平等的表述,我对生态经济的论证是通过考察德里达对生命和本体的解构而建立起来的;物质辩证法与唯心辩证法中过剩与支出的区别;他对无可辩驳的正义命题的认同和随后的表达;这也是对贬低动物的人类礼仪预设的挑战。在德里达之后,我主张一个必然没有价值的生态,它在本体论上的必要性是经济的,在重新思考不平等本体论方面没有可能的例外。
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引用次数: 0
Giorgio Agamben's political formalism 乔治·阿甘本的政治形式主义
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1600910X.2022.2077399
A. de Boever
ABSTRACT This article takes as its point of departure Agamben's comments about how sovereign nation-states responded to the pandemic – by requiring people to wear masks, socially distance, work from home and live under lockdown. Agamben has characterized such measures as ‘fascist’ and has been criticized for that characterization. Against the inflationary critical value of Agamben's ‘camp’ as a paradigm to judge the political form of ‘sovereignty’, this article considers the notion of form in Agamben's work through the lens of how it has recently been revitalized in literary studies in the work of Caroline Levine and Anna Kornbluh. The article does so to distinguish between the state's response to the pandemic (on the one hand) and fascism (on the other), and to think the state's response to the pandemic as a sovereign practice of care. While the article does not dispute that some of the techniques and technologies of such a practice may resemble those of a sovereign practice of control that might, in another historical context, be the techniques and technologies of fascism, it argues that in order to effectively resist fascism one must recognize the plurality of sovereignty's forms and pursue its critique rather than its wholesale rejection.
本文以阿甘本关于主权民族国家如何应对疫情的评论为出发点——要求人们戴口罩,保持社交距离,在家工作,并在封锁下生活。阿甘本将这些措施定性为“法西斯主义”,并因这种定性而受到批评。与阿甘本的“阵营”作为判断“主权”政治形式的范式的膨胀批判价值相反,本文通过卡罗琳·莱文和安娜·科恩布鲁的文学研究如何使阿甘本作品中的形式概念重新焕发活力的视角来考虑它。文章这样做是为了区分国家对大流行的反应(一方面)和法西斯主义(另一方面),并认为国家对大流行的反应是一种主权的护理实践。虽然这篇文章并不质疑这种实践的一些技巧和技术可能类似于主权控制实践的技巧和技术,在另一个历史背景下,可能是法西斯主义的技术和技术,但它认为,为了有效地抵抗法西斯主义,人们必须认识到主权形式的多样性,并对其进行批评,而不是全盘拒绝。
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引用次数: 1
An evental pandemic: thinking the COVID-19 ‘event’ with Deleuze and Foucault 事件大流行:与德勒兹和福柯一起思考COVID-19“事件”
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/1600910X.2022.2086595
Jemima Repo, Hannah Richter
ABSTRACT As COVID-19 swept the world it also became the subject of a quickly growing body of theoretical scholarship aimed at understanding the social, political and economic implications of the ‘pandemic event’. Taking a step back, this paper draws on Deleuze and Foucault to interrogate whether, and in what way, the COVID-19 pandemic can and should in fact be understood as an event. We first offer a structured overview of existing ‘pandemic theory’ where we highlight that the productivity unfolded by the pandemic event is here either politically or ontologically fixed. Against this background, we show that, in distinct ways, Deleuze’s and Foucault’s concepts of the event caution against reifying a pandemic event. Any political force the pandemic can unfold is always made after the fact, and is contingent on what is (counter-)effectuated from the pandemic, or which discursive dispersions intersect with and unfold from it. We argue for considering the pandemic as evental rather than an event – it is made up of events, and holds the potential to produce events. For critical theory, the significance of the pandemic event is thus in the first place methodological: it gives insight to how (post-)pandemic societies are produced, and where openings for the actualization of alternatives might lie.
随着COVID-19席卷全球,它也迅速成为旨在理解“大流行事件”的社会、政治和经济影响的理论学术研究的主题。退一步来看,本文借鉴德勒兹和福柯的观点,探讨COVID-19大流行是否可以、以及以何种方式实际上应该被理解为一个事件。我们首先对现有的“大流行理论”进行了结构化的概述,其中我们强调,大流行事件所展现的生产力在这里要么是政治上的,要么是本体论上的固定。在此背景下,我们以不同的方式表明,德勒兹和福柯的事件概念告诫人们不要将大流行事件具体化。大流行所能展现的任何政治力量总是在事实发生之后产生的,并且取决于大流行所产生的(反)影响,或者是与大流行相交并从中展开的话语分散。我们主张将大流行视为事件而不是事件——它由事件组成,并具有产生事件的潜力。因此,对于批判理论来说,大流行事件的意义首先在于方法论:它让我们了解(后)大流行社会是如何产生的,以及实现替代方案的机会可能在哪里。
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引用次数: 1
Critique, clinic, and care in times of COVID COVID期间的评论、临床和护理
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-19 DOI: 10.1080/1600910X.2022.2075416
E. Ingala
ABSTRACT Critique has been recently accused of not being able to respond to the challenges of our times, such as the climate emergency and the pandemic crisis. The new materialisms, which have posited themselves as a corrective to critique’s alleged overinflation of culture and language by proposing a (re)turn to matter, affirm that ours is a post-critical era. Against this diagnosis, the aim of this paper is to defend both the importance of critique for our current conjuncture and the need to rethink what it involves. Drawing from the work of Foucault, Deleuze, and Butler, I develop a specific but multidimensional understanding of critique that combats the vagueness and inconsistencies surrounding many post-critical approaches to this notion. Specifically, I suggest that critique entails (1) an enquiry into the conditions that structure, organise, and determine what can and cannot be perceived, experienced, and thought; (2) a clinical diagnosis or symptomatology of our present; (3) a political exercise of freedom; and (4) a practice of care. I conclude by showing how this conception of critique helps us to understand different dimensions of the Covid pandemic that might otherwise be ignored.
批评最近被指责无法应对我们这个时代的挑战,例如气候紧急情况和流行病危机。新唯物主义通过提出(重新)转向物质,将自己定位为对所谓的文化和语言过度膨胀的批判的纠正,确认我们是一个后批判时代。针对这种诊断,本文的目的是捍卫批评对我们当前形势的重要性,以及重新思考它所涉及的内容的必要性。从福柯、德勒兹和巴特勒的作品中,我发展了一种具体但多维的对批判的理解,与围绕着这一概念的许多后批判方法的模糊性和不一致性作斗争。具体来说,我认为批判需要(1)对结构、组织和决定什么可以被感知、体验和思考的条件进行调查;(2)目前的临床诊断或症状;(三)在政治上行使自由;(4)注重实践。最后,我展示了这种批评概念如何帮助我们理解Covid大流行的不同方面,否则这些方面可能会被忽视。
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引用次数: 0
Low-skill no more! essential workers, social reproduction and the legitimacy-crisis of the division of labour 不再是低技能!基本劳动者、社会再生产与劳动分工的合法性危机
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/1600910X.2022.2077400
Sara R. Farris, Mark Bergfeld
ABSTRACT Workers in the realm of social reproduction – e.g. nurses, carers, cleaners, food preparation workers etc. – are considered low-skill and are poorly remunerated. During the Covid-19 crisis they have been recast as ‘essential’, leading to unprecedented praise and attention in public discourse. Nonetheless, public praise for these ‘essential’ workers so far has not translated into a commitment for higher wages and improved working conditions. In this article, we argue that skills hierarchies continue to determine labour market outcomes and social inequalities. We pinpoint that these are embedded into the logic of capitalist social relations, rather than being an expression of the features of jobs themselves. We also show how some socially reproductive sectors resist the tendency to automation precisely because of the prevalence therein of a workforce which is portrayed as un-skilled. By focussing on low-skilled workers’ engagement in various forms of labour unrest and their demands for long overdue recognition and wage rises. the article puts into question the inherited skills-lexicon according to which low-wage jobs are unproductive and lacking in skills and competence. The authors conclude that these workers’ fights for the recognition of the dignity and importance of their jobs and professions can facilitate a rethinking of the division of labour in our societies.
社会再生产领域的工人——例如护士、护工、清洁工、食品准备工人等——被认为是低技能和低报酬的。在2019冠状病毒病危机期间,它们被重新塑造为“必不可少的”,在公共话语中受到前所未有的赞扬和关注。然而,到目前为止,公众对这些“重要”工人的赞扬并没有转化为提高工资和改善工作条件的承诺。在本文中,我们认为技能等级继续决定劳动力市场结果和社会不平等。我们指出,这些都嵌入到资本主义社会关系的逻辑中,而不是工作本身特征的表达。我们还展示了一些社会再生产部门是如何抵制自动化趋势的,正是因为其中普遍存在着被描绘成不熟练的劳动力。通过关注低技能工人参与各种形式的劳工骚乱,以及他们对姗姗来迟的认可和加薪的要求。这篇文章对传统的技能词汇提出了质疑,根据这种词汇,低工资的工作是非生产性的,缺乏技能和能力。作者的结论是,这些工人为他们的工作和职业的尊严和重要性而进行的斗争,可以促进对我们社会劳动分工的重新思考。
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引用次数: 3
Vaccine apartheid and settler colonial sovereign violence: from Palestine to the colonial global economy 疫苗种族隔离和定居者殖民主权暴力:从巴勒斯坦到殖民全球经济
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/1600910X.2022.2054449
M. Ayyash
ABSTRACT This article examines the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine both in Palestine and globally through a decolonial lens. In dominant Euro-American discourse, the invention, production, and distribution of the vaccine is largely judged as an indicator of sophisticated and advanced health care systems and economies. The underlying premise being that the advanced, wealthy, and capable nation-states have endogenously earned the position of power and prosperity. The world’s poor nation-states are posited as the recipients of charity from these rich states only after the latter have sufficiently inoculated themselves. The entire discourse turns the question of vaccines into a series of technical questions about capabilities, facilities, infrastructure, economic purchasing power, and so on. Concealed in this discourse is a settler colonial foundation – an aspiration towards omnipresent and absolute power – which not only creates the contrast between Palestinians and Israelis, rich and poor, colonizer and colonized, but also seals a forcefully imposed settler colonial contract in which colonizing populations ensure their ability to inoculate themselves by debilitating the colonized.
本文通过非殖民化的视角考察了COVID-19疫苗在巴勒斯坦和全球的分布情况。在占主导地位的欧美话语中,疫苗的发明、生产和分发在很大程度上被视为复杂和先进的卫生保健系统和经济的指标。其基本前提是,先进、富裕和有能力的民族国家已经内在地赢得了权力和繁荣的地位。世界上贫穷的民族国家只有在富裕国家给自己打了充分的预防针之后,才会被假定为这些富裕国家施舍的接受者。整个论述把疫苗问题变成了一系列关于能力、设施、基础设施、经济购买力等方面的技术问题。在这一话语中隐藏着一种定居者殖民基础- -一种对无所不在和绝对权力的渴望- -它不仅造成巴勒斯坦人和以色列人、富人和穷人、殖民者和被殖民者之间的对比,而且还形成一种强行强加的定居者殖民契约,在这种契约中,殖民人口通过削弱被殖民者来确保他们有能力给自己接种疫苗。
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引用次数: 2
What is COVID capitalism? 什么是COVID资本主义?
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/1600910X.2022.2075905
Thomas Nail
ABSTRACT The term ‘COVID capitalism’ designates the ways capitalism and the novel coronavirus alter and amplify one another. In this paper, I look at four major features that characterize this relationship so far. (1) Capitalist extraction and urbanization increase exposure to new viruses. (2) Capitalism increases the spread of infectious disease. (3) COVID amplifies inequalities that benefit capitalists. (4) COVID has led to profits, bailouts, and deregulation for capitalists. The increasing frequency of COVID and other pandemics not only amplifies existing capitalist structures but feeds back into those structures and becomes an advantage to capitalism. I argue here that COVID is not a threat to capitalism but rather a mutagen altering and magnifying it.
“COVID资本主义”一词指的是资本主义和新型冠状病毒相互改变和放大的方式。在本文中,我将着眼于迄今为止这种关系的四个主要特征。(1)资本主义榨取和城市化增加了对新病毒的暴露。资本主义加剧了传染病的传播。(3)新冠肺炎加剧了有利于资本家的不平等。(4)新冠肺炎给资本家带来了利润、救助和放松管制。COVID和其他流行病的日益频繁不仅放大了现有的资本主义结构,而且反馈到这些结构中,成为资本主义的优势。我在这里认为,COVID不是对资本主义的威胁,而是一种改变和放大资本主义的诱变剂。
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引用次数: 2
The biopolitical economy of the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibilities for an affirmative biopolitics 新冠肺炎大流行的生命政治经济和积极的生命政治的可能性
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/1600910X.2022.2075026
Ali Rıza Taşkale
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is in threefold. First, it focuses on the workings and operations of the biopolitical economy. Second, it explores how the pandemic has exposed the thanatopolitical tendency of neoliberal capitalism, particularly in the form of herd immunity. Herd immunity deploys death as one of the instruments, making plain that the valuation of life is based on its sacrificability to capital. The final part engages with Roberto Esposito’s affirmative biopolitical perspective that strives to avoid the thanatopolitical tendency Agamben (over-)emphasized. I claim that while Esposito’s affirmative biopolitical perspective puts pressure on the thanatopolitical position, it could nevertheless be invoked for the reconstitution or reconceptualization of the future commons.
本文的目的有三个方面。首先,它侧重于生物政治经济的运作和运作。其次,它探讨了大流行如何暴露了新自由主义资本主义的死亡政治倾向,特别是以群体免疫的形式。群体免疫将死亡作为一种工具,明确表明生命的价值是基于其对资本的牺牲性。最后一部分涉及罗伯托·埃斯波西托积极的生命政治观点,力求避免阿甘本(过度)强调的死亡政治倾向。我认为,虽然埃斯波西托肯定的生命政治观点对死亡政治立场施加了压力,但它仍然可以被用来重建或重新概念化未来的公地。
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引用次数: 0
Citizenship by vitality: rethinking the concept of health citizenship 活力公民:对健康公民概念的再思考
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1080/1600910x.2022.2057561
M. Jauho, Ilpo Helén
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引用次数: 2
Redefining ‘safe bodies’: queering the shifting body politics during the COVID-19 pandemic 重新定义“安全身体”:在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间改变身体政治
IF 0.7 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1080/1600910X.2022.2054450
Dhriti Shankar
ABSTRACT Bodily safety during the post-covid ‘new normal’ is a fraught, but phantasmal notion, subject to manipulation by both institutional and non-institutional power structures. Looking at the Indian context, a queerer understanding of the pandemic is required at a time when bodily relations have been queered by numerous instances where new forms of non-economic social stratification are discernible. Bodies are getting targeted, otherized, and discriminated against in unpredictable ways while imagining and negotiating the modalities of the new norm. Medicalization of the everyday at this massive scale does not follow the biomedical logic but seeks to normalize heterogenous responses based on irrational fears perpetuating ableist myths about the normal body. Queer activism and praxis need to play an interventionist role in shaping policies cognizant of the new threats and challenges that are being faced by queer individuals in such a scenario. Queer identities need to be reconfigured for continued sustenance, support, and political relevance. The case of the Hijrah community in India is studied as an example where a new political language is needed for revamping their mode of protest in response to the shift in the current body politics.
在后冠状病毒病“新常态”时期,人身安全是一个令人担忧但又虚幻的概念,受到体制和非体制权力结构的操纵。从印度的情况来看,在身体关系因许多新形式的非经济社会分层而变得奇怪的情况下,需要对这种流行病有一种奇怪的理解。在想象和协商新规范的方式时,身体正以不可预测的方式受到攻击、排斥和歧视。如此大规模的日常医疗化并不遵循生物医学的逻辑,而是试图将基于非理性恐惧的异质反应正常化,这种恐惧延续了关于正常身体的健康主义神话。酷儿行动主义和实践需要在制定政策时发挥干预作用,认识到在这种情况下酷儿个体所面临的新威胁和挑战。酷儿身份需要重新配置,以获得持续的支持和政治相关性。以印度的Hijrah社区为例,研究了一种新的政治语言来改造他们的抗议模式,以应对当前身体政治的转变。
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引用次数: 0
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Distinktion-Journal of Social Theory
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