Journal of the British Archaeological Association最新文献

英文中文

The Painted Wooden Tomb Effigies at Goudhurst to Sir Alexander Culpepper (d. 1541) and his Second Wife, Dame Constance Culpepper, and their Comparators 亚历山大·卡尔佩珀爵士(1541年)和他的第二任妻子康斯坦斯·卡尔佩珀夫人以及他们的比较者在古德赫斯特的彩绘木墓雕像

IF 0.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2023.2231227

S. Badham

Wooden tomb effigies are now rare in England and Wales, although it is likely that they were once relatively common. Of the total of 120 known examples, only ninety-three survive. The other twenty-seven documented figures have been lost or destroyed owing to woodworm, fire, iconoclasm, theft and the general misuse that has beset this monumental type. Most remaining examples are mere skeletons of their original state, with any surface decoration worn away or cleaned off over the centuries, leaving only bare wood with perhaps traces of polychromy in crevices. A minority are now painted, but most do not display the original surface finish. The effigies at Goudhurst (Kent) to Sir Alexander Culpepper (d. 1541) and his second wife were thought to have been similarly overpainted, but new evidence from recent pigment analysis using polarized light microscopy shows that this was probably only partial. Physical and documentary evidence throw much light on the dating of the monument, the two effigies of which were produced at different times, the older parts dating to 1537. A detailed assessment of the memorial and its comparanda underlines the unique nature of the pair.

在英格兰和威尔士，木质墓像现在已经很少见了，尽管它们可能曾经相对常见。在已知的120个例子中，只有93个存活下来。由于木虫、火灾、破坏圣像、盗窃和普遍的误用，其他27个有记载的雕像已经丢失或被毁。大多数剩下的例子只是原始状态的骨架，表面装饰磨损或经过几个世纪的清洗，只留下光秃秃的木头，裂缝中可能有多色的痕迹。少数现在被粉刷，但大多数没有显示原来的表面光洁度。在肯特郡的古德赫斯特，亚历山大·卡尔佩珀爵士(1541年)和他的第二任妻子的肖像被认为是类似的过度涂抹，但最近使用偏振光显微镜进行的颜料分析的新证据表明，这可能只是部分。实物和文献证据为纪念碑的年代提供了很多线索，其中两个雕像的制作时间不同，较旧的部分可以追溯到1537年。对纪念碑及其同类的详细评估强调了它们的独特性。

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引用次数: 0

Medieval Charnel Houses: Resurrecting Lost Medieval Rites 中世纪的灵堂:复活失落的中世纪仪式

IF 0.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2023.2205264

P. Barnwell, E. Craig-Atkins, J. Crangle, D. Hadley

Through analysis of written sources, architectural evidence, excavation reports and antiquarian records this paper argues that charnelling of human skeletal remains was more common in medieval England than has hitherto been fully recognized. It became increasingly widespread following formalization of belief in Purgatory in the late 13th century, and charnel houses can be found both at the better-documented greater churches and at parish churches, for which churchwardens’ accounts are important sources. Charnel houses are mainly freestanding buildings in churchyards, or crypts within the body of the church, and both forms are often semi-subterranean, with the carefully maintained charnel visible through windows high in the charnel house walls. There was typically a chapel located above the charnel room, in which prayers for the dead were offered, similar to chantries. The paper presents the first detailed exploration of the potential liturgical contexts for charnelling. It is argued that the most likely form of rite to accompany the translation and deposition of charnel would have comprised a re-enactment of the Office of the Dead followed by an adapted version of the burial service, with possible secondary uses of the charnel house in the days leading up to Easter, the most solemn part of the Christian year.

通过对书面资料、建筑证据、挖掘报告和古董记录的分析，本文认为，在中世纪的英格兰，对人类骨骼遗骸进行解剖比迄今为止公认的更为常见。13世纪末，随着炼狱信仰的正式化，它变得越来越普遍，在有更好记录的大教堂和教区教堂都可以找到charnel房屋，教堂看守的账目是其中的重要来源。Charnel房屋主要是教堂墓地中的独立建筑，或教堂内部的地下室，这两种形式通常都是半地下的，通过Charnel房屋墙壁高处的窗户可以看到精心维护的Charnel。查内尔室上方通常有一个小教堂，为死者祈祷，类似于圣歌。本文首次详细探讨了charnelling的潜在礼仪语境。有人认为，最有可能的仪式形式是伴随着对charnel的翻译和沉积，包括重新设立死者办公室，然后是葬礼的改编版本，在复活节之前的日子里，charnel房子可能会被二次使用，复活节是基督教一年中最庄严的部分。

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引用次数: 0

Thomas Becket, Henry II, Daughters and Sons: A Family Affair 托马斯·贝克特，亨利二世，《女儿与儿子：家族大事》

IF 0.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2023.2216067

C. Hennessy

This study examines the intentions and activities of the children of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine in participating in or promoting the cult of Thomas Becket. It looks at the existing material evidence as well as historical accounts. Much valuable recent work has focused on the daughters, Matilda, Leonor and Joanna, and their patronage regarding Becket, which includes the iconography of an illuminated manuscript page, the dedication of an altar and the design of a monumental mosaic. Taking the patronage of the daughters out of isolation, they are seen here in the context of the whole family. Young Henry was particularly involved with his father’s penance and independently venerated Becket. Richard and John also inherited their father’s sense that Becket was a supporter of the crown and honoured him at his tomb at key moments in their lives. Without underestimating both the daughters and other women as patrons of the arts, the relevance of viewing women within the historical framework of their lives and relationships is emphasized, including recognizing the involvement of their husbands. The sibling’s connections with the martyr are also evaluated in the light of the phenomenal success of Becket’s cult that spread so swiftly following his canonization.

本研究考察了亨利二世和阿基坦的埃莉诺的子女参与或宣传托马斯·贝克特邪教的意图和活动。它着眼于现有的物证以及历史记录。最近许多有价值的作品都集中在女儿玛蒂尔达、莱昂诺和乔安娜身上，以及她们对贝克特的赞助，其中包括一张照亮的手稿页的肖像画、祭坛的奉献和纪念碑马赛克的设计。把女儿们的庇护从孤立中解脱出来，她们在这里被放在整个家庭的背景下看待。年轻的亨利特别关注父亲的忏悔，并独立地崇敬贝克特。理查德和约翰还继承了他们父亲的观念，即贝克特是王冠的支持者，并在他们生命中的关键时刻在他的墓前向他致敬。在不低估女儿和其他女性作为艺术赞助人的情况下，强调了在女性生活和关系的历史框架内看待女性的相关性，包括承认她们丈夫的参与。根据贝克特被封为圣徒后迅速传播的邪教的非凡成功，也对这位兄弟姐妹与烈士的关系进行了评估。

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引用次数: 0

Liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry methods for determination of stanozolol and l6β-hydroxy-stanozolol in animal urine. 液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中的司坦唑醇和 l6β-hydroxy-stanozolol

IF 2.7 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0030

Iwona Matraszek-Źuchowska, Alicja Kłopot, Katarzyna Sielska, Beata Korycińska, Sebastian Witek, Paulina Zdonek, Piotr Jedziniak

Introduction: Because of the activities and effects they induce, hormones are prohibited for use for anabolic purposes in farm animals intended for slaughter, which is regulated in the European Union by relevant legal provisions. Therefore, there is an obligation to monitor residues of hormones in animals and food of animal origin to ensure consumer safety. A hormone banned but used formerly for fattening cattle, stanozolol, and its metabolite 16β-OH-stanozolol are synthetic compounds that belong to a large group of steroid hormones. This study investigates residues of these compounds in animal urine.

Material and methods: From 2006-2022, 2,995 livestock urine samples were tested for stanozolol residues in Poland as part of the National Residue Monitoring Programme. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to determine stanozolol and 16β-OH-stanozolol in animal urine was developed and validated according to the required criteria. Urine sample analysis was based on enzymatic hydrolysis of hormones potentially present in it to the free form, extraction of them from the sample with a mixture of n-hexane and butyl alcohol, purification of an extract on an NH2 amine column and finally, instrumental detection.

Results: The apparent recovery and precision parameters of the developed method were in line with the established criteria, while its decision limits CCα and detection capabilities CCβ were lower than the recommended concentration for analytical purposes set at 2 μg L^-1 (valid until December 15, 2022; currently set as 0.5 μg L^-1).

Conclusion: All examined samples were compliant with the evaluation criteria.

导言：由于激素的活性和诱导效应，禁止将激素用于拟屠宰的农场动物的合成代谢目的。因此，欧盟有义务对动物和动物源性食品中的激素残留进行监测，以确保消费者的安全。一种已被禁用但曾用于育肥牛的激素--司坦唑醇（stanozolol）及其代谢物 16β-OH-stanozolol 是属于一大类固醇激素的合成化合物。本研究调查了这些化合物在动物尿液中的残留情况：从 2006 年到 2022 年，作为国家残留监控计划的一部分，波兰对 2,995 份牲畜尿样进行了司坦唑醇残留检测。根据规定的标准，开发并验证了一种液相色谱-串联质谱法，用于测定动物尿液中的司坦唑醇和 16β-OH 司坦唑醇。尿样分析方法是将尿样中可能存在的激素用酶水解成游离态，然后用正己烷和丁醇的混合物将其从尿样中提取出来，再用NH2胺柱对提取物进行纯化，最后用仪器进行检测：结果：所开发方法的表观回收率和精密度参数符合既定标准，而其判定限 CCα 和检测能力 CCβ 均低于 2 μg L-1 的建议分析浓度（有效期至 2022 年 12 月 15 日；目前为 0.5 μg L-1）：结论：所有检测样品均符合评估标准。

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引用次数: 0

What was the Castilian Tabernacle-Altarpiece in the Met Cloisters? Proposals for its Function and Context 大都会修道院的卡斯蒂利亚祭坛画是什么？关于其功能和语境的建议

IF 0.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2023.2205714

F. Baños

A set of three Castilian panel paintings of the late 13th century is usually on display in the Met Cloisters in New York. These paintings, of unknown provenance, have long been recognized as part of a tabernacle-altarpiece or tabernacle shrine, but in spite of this and their relatively good condition, they have attracted little attention in studies on Gothic painting in Castile. Recent scholarship on tabernacle shrines provides a new basis for their research. By analyzing the panels’ most unique feature (the depiction of small-scale scenes offering a cycle of the Passion, visible when the altarpiece was closed), and through comparison with other contemporary works, this article proposes a possible context and use for this important example of early Gothic painting in Castile.

一套三幅13世纪晚期的卡斯蒂利亚面板画通常在纽约大都会修道院展出。这些来源不明的画作长期以来一直被认为是帐幕祭坛画或帐幕神殿的一部分，但尽管如此，它们的状况相对良好，但在卡斯蒂利亚哥特式绘画研究中却很少引起关注。最近关于帐幕神殿的学术研究为他们的研究提供了新的基础。通过分析这些展板最独特的特点（描绘小规模的场景，提供激情的循环，在祭坛画关闭时可见），并通过与其他当代作品的比较，本文提出了卡斯蒂利亚早期哥特式绘画这一重要例子的可能背景和用途。

引用次数: 0

‘Like, or Better’: Building Contracts and Late-Medieval Perceptions of Quality in Architecture “喜欢或更好”：建筑合同与中世纪晚期建筑质量观念

IF 0.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2023.2168897

Alfie Robinson

This article uses building contracts to understand late-medieval perceptions of quality in architecture. The focus of the paper is value judgements based on existing buildings, which were to be emulated or ‘bettered’. The contracts for Magdalen College, Oxford are the central case study. This paper argues that ‘good’ in these contracts refers to the function of the building and the specifics of its design, and that other English and continental contracts also focus on the visible particulars of a structure. Such contracts make no reference to religious or political symbolism, rhetoric or iconography. It seems that, when closely engaged in the practice of building, medieval patrons and craftspeople showed aesthetic preferences of a precision not found in other sources.

本文使用建筑合同来理解中世纪晚期对建筑质量的看法。本文的重点是基于现有建筑的价值判断，这些建筑将被模仿或“改进”。牛津大学抹大拉学院的合同是中心案例研究。本文认为，这些合同中的“好”是指建筑的功能及其设计细节，而其他英国和欧洲大陆的合同也关注结构的可见细节。这些合同没有提及宗教或政治象征、修辞或肖像。当中世纪的赞助人和手工艺者密切参与建筑实践时，他们似乎表现出了其他来源所没有的精确的审美偏好。

引用次数: 0

Ultrarapid Iron Polymaltose Infusions Are Safe for Management of Iron Deficiency. 超快速多聚麦芽糖铁输注可安全治疗铁缺乏症

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2023-01-19 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1159/000527794

Iouri Banakh, Martha Turek, Daniel Niewodowski, Rumes Kanna Sriamareswaran, Fiona Yeaman, Lilian Vo, Travis Churchill

Introduction: Iron deficiency is a common condition, especially among patients with kidney and heart failure and inflammatory bowel disease. Intravenous iron is the preferred method of treatment in these patients, but it usually requires prolonged iron polymaltose infusions or multiple administrations of alternative preparations. The aim of the study was to confirm the safety and patient acceptance of ultrarapid iron polymaltose infusions as an alternative to slower treatments and ferric carboxymaltose.

Method: An open-label, phase 4 safety study was conducted at a tertiary hospital, with consenting participants diagnosed with iron deficiency and requiring iron polymaltose up to 1,500 mg receiving the infusion over 15 min. The acute adverse event (AE) rates and their severities were compared to historical controls of 1- and 4-h iron polymaltose infusions from a retrospective study of 648 patients from the same study site. Delayed AEs as well as participant infusion acceptability were also studied.

Results: Three hundred participants over a 2-year period received ultrarapid infusions of iron polymaltose with an acute AE rate of 18.7% and severe AE rate of 1.0%. The total and mild infusion AE rates were higher compared to those of slower infusions (p < 0.001), but comparable for moderate and severe AEs. Delayed reactions occurred in 12.5% of participants, with over 95% of them preferring repeat ultrarapid infusions if required again.

Conclusion: Iron polymaltose can be safely infused at ultrarapid rates when compared to slower infusions, with similar safety to ferric carboxymaltose, offering greater convenience for patients and reduced healthcare costs.

简介缺铁是一种常见病，尤其是肾衰竭、心力衰竭和炎症性肠病患者。静脉注射铁剂是这些患者的首选治疗方法，但通常需要长时间输注多聚麦芽糖铁剂或多次使用其他制剂。这项研究的目的是确认超快速多聚麦芽糖铁输注的安全性和患者接受度，以替代较慢的治疗方法和羧甲基铁：一家三甲医院开展了一项开放标签、第 4 期安全性研究，经诊断患有缺铁症且需要多聚麦芽糖铁最高达 1,500 毫克的患者在征得同意后，在 15 分钟内接受输注。急性不良事件（AE）发生率及其严重程度与同一研究机构对 648 名患者进行的回顾性研究中 1 小时和 4 小时多聚麦芽糖铁输注的历史对照进行了比较。此外，还研究了延迟性 AE 以及参与者对输注的接受程度：结果：300 名参与者在两年内接受了多聚麦芽糖铁的超快速输注，急性 AE 发生率为 18.7%，严重 AE 发生率为 1.0%。与慢速输注相比，总的和轻度输注不良反应发生率更高（p < 0.001），但中度和重度不良反应发生率相当。12.5%的参与者出现了延迟反应，超过95%的参与者在需要时选择重复超快速输注：结论：与慢速输注相比，多聚麦芽糖铁可以安全地以超快速输注，其安全性与羧甲基麦芽糖铁相似，为患者提供了更大的便利，并降低了医疗成本。

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引用次数: 0

Elizabeth Woodville and the Chapel of St Erasmus at Westminster Abbey 伊丽莎白·伍德维尔和威斯敏斯特教堂的圣伊拉斯谟教堂

IF 0.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2101237

Matthew P. Payne, Janet Goodall

In 1502 the 13th-century Lady Chapel at the east end of Westminster Abbey was demolished to make way for its new incarnation. Clearance of the site also required the destruction of a chapel dedicated to St Erasmus, which had stood on the south side of the Lady Chapel for only a quarter of a century. This article explores the documentary evidence for the short-lived St Erasmus chapel, from its construction at the behest of Elizabeth Woodville in the late 1470s, to its use for royal burials and to house the abbey’s relics of St Erasmus, and ultimately its fate at the beginning of the 16th century.

1502年，威斯敏斯特教堂东端建于13世纪的圣母教堂被拆除，为其新建筑让路。清理场地还需要摧毁一座圣伊拉斯谟的教堂，这座教堂在圣母教堂的南侧只矗立了四分之一个世纪。本文探讨了圣伊拉斯谟礼拜堂短命的文献证据，从1470年代末在伊丽莎白·伍德维尔(Elizabeth Woodville)的要求下建造，到用于皇室葬礼和存放修道院的圣伊拉斯谟文物，以及最终在16世纪初的命运。

引用次数: 0

‘Pierced and Perforated Carving, as Fine as the Best Cathedral Screen Work’: Antiquarianism and Faking Tudor Furniture in the 1840s “穿孔雕刻，与最佳大教堂屏风作品一样精美”：19世纪40年代的古董主义和假都铎家具

IF 0.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2096758

Peter N. Lindfield

Collecting ancient furniture — or furniture thought to be ancient — for display in ‘romantic interiors’ proliferated in 18th-century Britain; such pieces became so popular that by the 1840s it was easy to purchase generic examples across the country. This essay explores the output of George Shaw (1810–76), a particularly industrious early Victorian antiquary, who, besides working as an architect, restorer and supplier of Gothic-style interiors, also peddled fake ancestral furniture made for specific victims. He claimed his modern forgeries were from the time of Henry VII or Henry VIII, and this essay demonstrates how they were indebted to his long-term antiquarian research into medieval architecture, heraldry and woodwork. Some of Shaw’s forgeries, particularly those for the 4th duke of Northumberland, have been considered at length recently; however, this essay demonstrates that our understanding of his corpus is far from complete given the recent emergence of his until now forgotten work for the Mosleys of Rolleston Hall in Staffordshire. It also shows how the family’s important collection of ancient furniture, some of it gifted by Elizabeth I, had a direct influence upon his work, and that we should consider him to be a more significant figure in the history of Victorian furniture and forgery than we currently understand him to be.

收集古代家具——或者被认为是古代的家具——在18世纪的英国激增，用于“浪漫的室内装饰”；这样的作品变得如此流行，以至于到19世纪40年代，在全国各地都很容易买到仿制品。这篇文章探讨了乔治·肖（1810-76）的作品，他是一位特别勤奋的维多利亚早期古董商，除了担任建筑师、修复师和哥特式室内设计供应商外，还兜售为特定受害者制作的假祖先家具。他声称自己的现代赝品是亨利七世或亨利八世时期的，这篇文章展示了这些赝品是如何归功于他对中世纪建筑、纹章学和木制品的长期古董研究。肖的一些赝品，特别是诺森伯兰第四公爵的赝品，最近被仔细考虑过；然而，这篇文章表明，鉴于他最近为斯塔福德郡罗尔斯顿大厅的莫斯利夫妇创作的作品，我们对他的语料库的理解还远远不够完整。这也表明了家族重要的古代家具收藏，其中一些是伊丽莎白一世赠送的，对他的作品产生了直接影响，我们应该认为他是维多利亚家具和伪造历史上比我们目前所理解的更重要的人物。

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引用次数: 0

Annual Report of the Council for the Year Ended 31 December 2021 理事会截至2021年12月31日的年度报告

IF 0.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of the British Archaeological Association

Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2112366

引用次数: 0

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