Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2104481
Richard Gem
{"title":"L’Architecture Carolingienne en France et en Europe","authors":"Richard Gem","doi":"10.1080/00681288.2022.2104481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2022.2104481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"175 1","pages":"307 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43904389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.11
John Chulhoon Park, Sin-Hyeog Im
The gut-brain axis is gaining momentum as an interdisciplinary field addressing how intestinal microbes influence the central nervous system (CNS). Studies using powerful tools, including germ-free, antibiotic-fed, and fecal microbiota transplanted mice, demonstrate how gut microbiota perturbations alter the fate of neurodevelopment. Probiotics are also becoming more recognized as potentially effective therapeutic agents in alleviating symptoms of neurological disorders. While gut microbes may directly communicate with the CNS through their effector molecules, including metabolites, their influence on neuroimmune populations, including newly discovered brain-resident T cells, underscore the host immunity as a potent mediator of the gut-brain axis. In this review, we examine the unique immune populations within the brain, the effects of the gut microbiota on the CNS, and the efficacy of specific probiotic strains to propose the novel concept of the gut-immune-brain axis.
{"title":"The gut-immune-brain axis in neurodevelopment and neurological disorders.","authors":"John Chulhoon Park, Sin-Hyeog Im","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2022.11","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut-brain axis is gaining momentum as an interdisciplinary field addressing how intestinal microbes influence the central nervous system (CNS). Studies using powerful tools, including germ-free, antibiotic-fed, and fecal microbiota transplanted mice, demonstrate how gut microbiota perturbations alter the fate of neurodevelopment. Probiotics are also becoming more recognized as potentially effective therapeutic agents in alleviating symptoms of neurological disorders. While gut microbes may directly communicate with the CNS through their effector molecules, including metabolites, their influence on neuroimmune populations, including newly discovered brain-resident T cells, underscore the host immunity as a potent mediator of the gut-brain axis. In this review, we examine the unique immune populations within the brain, the effects of the gut microbiota on the CNS, and the efficacy of specific probiotic strains to propose the novel concept of the gut-immune-brain axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"45 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10688819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81009160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2104488
Elizabeth Rice Mattison
Counts of Toulouse, all purported to impose their authority through architecture, albeit on very diverse modes of movement and in very different ways. Sequence is then contrasted with rupture, times during which the micro-ecologies of SaintSernin and Karatay Han were reconfigured by the actions of the multitudes who dwelled in and around them. Salgirli argues that multitudes were often successful in destabilizing the preestablished significance and expected functions of Mediterranean architecture. In that regard, Karatay Han and Saint-Sernin simultaneously exerted and functioned outside the expectations of their makers. In his analysis, the rhythms described, sequence, rupture, flux and unrest, are produced by architecture and through it, and do not operate independently from one another. Instead, these disparate rhythms coexist, producing an arrhythmic cacophony that may well be the pulse of the medieval Mediterranean. Adding to its bold methodology, the variety of sources encompassed by the volume is quite remarkable. When depicting the evolutions of Saint-Sernin and Karatay Han, Salgirli not only draws from their physical characteristics, but also makes use of a wider array of material and visual sources, from sculptures to illustrated manuscripts and portolans. The breath of textual documents employed is also noteworthy, not only in terms of linguistic command, but especially in Salgirli’s adroit juxtaposition of travel accounts, charters and endowment deeds. However, as the narrative travels back and forth from Toulouse to Karatay, one might sometimes regret the abundant use of conceptual phrasing and out-of-context references (from Black Mirror to King Rat) which tend to obscure, rather than help, the overall argument. Nevertheless, following Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell’s formulation, this volume crafts an original narrative of architecture in the late medieval Mediterranean, rather than a history of the Mediterranean region or of Mediterranean architecture as a whole. In this regard, The Fluctuating Sea not only sheds new light on the interwoven pasts of Saint-Sernin and Karatay Han, but also provides an array of insightful ways of jointly conceptualizing movement, architecture, and temporality in the late medieval Mediterranean and beyond.
{"title":"Riemenschneider in Rothenburg","authors":"Elizabeth Rice Mattison","doi":"10.1080/00681288.2022.2104488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2022.2104488","url":null,"abstract":"Counts of Toulouse, all purported to impose their authority through architecture, albeit on very diverse modes of movement and in very different ways. Sequence is then contrasted with rupture, times during which the micro-ecologies of SaintSernin and Karatay Han were reconfigured by the actions of the multitudes who dwelled in and around them. Salgirli argues that multitudes were often successful in destabilizing the preestablished significance and expected functions of Mediterranean architecture. In that regard, Karatay Han and Saint-Sernin simultaneously exerted and functioned outside the expectations of their makers. In his analysis, the rhythms described, sequence, rupture, flux and unrest, are produced by architecture and through it, and do not operate independently from one another. Instead, these disparate rhythms coexist, producing an arrhythmic cacophony that may well be the pulse of the medieval Mediterranean. Adding to its bold methodology, the variety of sources encompassed by the volume is quite remarkable. When depicting the evolutions of Saint-Sernin and Karatay Han, Salgirli not only draws from their physical characteristics, but also makes use of a wider array of material and visual sources, from sculptures to illustrated manuscripts and portolans. The breath of textual documents employed is also noteworthy, not only in terms of linguistic command, but especially in Salgirli’s adroit juxtaposition of travel accounts, charters and endowment deeds. However, as the narrative travels back and forth from Toulouse to Karatay, one might sometimes regret the abundant use of conceptual phrasing and out-of-context references (from Black Mirror to King Rat) which tend to obscure, rather than help, the overall argument. Nevertheless, following Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell’s formulation, this volume crafts an original narrative of architecture in the late medieval Mediterranean, rather than a history of the Mediterranean region or of Mediterranean architecture as a whole. In this regard, The Fluctuating Sea not only sheds new light on the interwoven pasts of Saint-Sernin and Karatay Han, but also provides an array of insightful ways of jointly conceptualizing movement, architecture, and temporality in the late medieval Mediterranean and beyond.","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"175 1","pages":"324 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2104479
M. Henig
{"title":"The Making of Medieval Rome. A New Profile of the City, 400–1420.","authors":"M. Henig","doi":"10.1080/00681288.2022.2104479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2022.2104479","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"2019 24","pages":"302 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41331451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2093463
Daniel Secker
The earliest standing fabric of the church of St Leonard, Southminster, is the early-12th-century nave, but the place-name betrays earlier origins. It was almost certainly the minster of Denesige mentioned in the will of Bishop Theodred of London of 942 x 951, but the former may have been founded in the early 8th century, when an earlier bishop of London, Ingwald, was granted a substantial amount of land in the Dengie Peninsula in eastern Essex in which Southminster is situated. Though test-pitting at Southminster has failed to reveal Anglo-Saxon pottery, metal detecting has revealed a number of sceattas nearby. Moreover, neighbouring Asheldham, which has produced middle Saxon ceramic, may have been a ‘home farm’ of Southminster. The latter was one of a number of ‘directional’ minsters in Essex and Kent named from their compass direction in relation to a parent minster. It is suggested that these were founded as a form of ‘outreach’ near to what were already community foci.
南明斯特圣伦纳德教堂最早的结构是12世纪初的中殿，但这个地名暴露了早期的起源。几乎可以肯定的是，942 x 951年伦敦主教西奥多雷德的遗嘱中提到的德内西大臣，但前者可能成立于8世纪初，当时伦敦的一位早期主教英格瓦尔德被授予了位于埃塞克斯郡东部登吉半岛的大量土地。尽管在绍斯明斯特的试坑未能发现盎格鲁撒克逊陶器，但金属探测发现附近有一些权杖。此外，邻近的生产中撒克逊陶瓷的阿什德姆可能是南明斯特的“家庭农场”。后者是埃塞克斯郡和肯特郡的众多“定向”吟游诗人之一，根据他们的指南针方向与父母吟游诗人有关而命名。有人认为，这些活动是作为一种“外展”形式建立的，靠近已经成为社区焦点的地方。
{"title":"Southminster: A Secondary Minster in Essex","authors":"Daniel Secker","doi":"10.1080/00681288.2022.2093463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2022.2093463","url":null,"abstract":"The earliest standing fabric of the church of St Leonard, Southminster, is the early-12th-century nave, but the place-name betrays earlier origins. It was almost certainly the minster of Denesige mentioned in the will of Bishop Theodred of London of 942 x 951, but the former may have been founded in the early 8th century, when an earlier bishop of London, Ingwald, was granted a substantial amount of land in the Dengie Peninsula in eastern Essex in which Southminster is situated. Though test-pitting at Southminster has failed to reveal Anglo-Saxon pottery, metal detecting has revealed a number of sceattas nearby. Moreover, neighbouring Asheldham, which has produced middle Saxon ceramic, may have been a ‘home farm’ of Southminster. The latter was one of a number of ‘directional’ minsters in Essex and Kent named from their compass direction in relation to a parent minster. It is suggested that these were founded as a form of ‘outreach’ near to what were already community foci.","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"175 1","pages":"37 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42471646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2104482
J. Munns
guage publications). Notwithstanding any remarks above about omissions from the survey, it can be said without reservation that the authors have accommodated, and synthesized clearly, a huge amount of evidence, and they are to be congratulated warmly on their achievement. Furthermore, as their approach is thematic in nature and looks at architecture in the context of the political, social and religious factors that called it into being, it will be of great value not only to architectural historians, but also to historians in a range of disciplines — as well as to a wider readership. The book can be recommended unreservedly to anyone interested in the Carolingian period (and would merit perhaps an English language edition).
{"title":"Christ on the Cross: The Boston Crucifix and the Rise of Monumental Sculpture, 970–1200","authors":"J. Munns","doi":"10.1080/00681288.2022.2104482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2022.2104482","url":null,"abstract":"guage publications). Notwithstanding any remarks above about omissions from the survey, it can be said without reservation that the authors have accommodated, and synthesized clearly, a huge amount of evidence, and they are to be congratulated warmly on their achievement. Furthermore, as their approach is thematic in nature and looks at architecture in the context of the political, social and religious factors that called it into being, it will be of great value not only to architectural historians, but also to historians in a range of disciplines — as well as to a wider readership. The book can be recommended unreservedly to anyone interested in the Carolingian period (and would merit perhaps an English language edition).","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"175 1","pages":"311 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45731274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2104487
Ana Struillou
{"title":"The Fluctuating Sea: Architecture and Movement in the Medieval Mediterranean","authors":"Ana Struillou","doi":"10.1080/00681288.2022.2104487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2022.2104487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"175 1","pages":"323 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48333737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2082730
L. Milner
The 14th-century audit accounts of the chapter of Lincoln Cathedral record expenditure for the year 1305–06, and contain valuable information about the manufacture of a silver matrix for a ‘great seal’. This short note considers why the chapter might have spent a large sum of money on a seal matrix when they already possessed a common seal, and reveals the rediscovery in 2018 of the original 12th-century silver matrix of the seal of the chapter of Lincoln Cathedral.
{"title":"The Seals of Lincoln Cathedral Chapter","authors":"L. Milner","doi":"10.1080/00681288.2022.2082730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2022.2082730","url":null,"abstract":"The 14th-century audit accounts of the chapter of Lincoln Cathedral record expenditure for the year 1305–06, and contain valuable information about the manufacture of a silver matrix for a ‘great seal’. This short note considers why the chapter might have spent a large sum of money on a seal matrix when they already possessed a common seal, and reveals the rediscovery in 2018 of the original 12th-century silver matrix of the seal of the chapter of Lincoln Cathedral.","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"175 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42143614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2033019
K. Dark
This paper presents an archaeological reconsideration of the chapel of St Pancras at St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury, using published and archival sources from over a century of excavation and archaeological survey. The evidence considered, including previously unpublished elevations and geophysical survey, sheds new light on the chapel’s structure and its context, of which it presents the fullest account yet published. Using all available sources, it is argued that the earliest phase of the ruinous building neither dates from the Roman period, nor from the mid- to late 7th century, as previously argued by other scholars, but from between 597 and 609. The same evidence supports the interpretation that the structure was rebuilt in the 7th and 8th centuries. As such, the first phase of St Pancras may be both the oldest ‘Anglo-Saxon’ ecclesiastical building visible today, and founded, consecrated and used by Saint Augustine of Canterbury himself. It provides, therefore, unique testimony to a pivotal moment in British history and offers previously unrecognized material evidence for the foundation of the English Church.
{"title":"The Earliest English Church? A Reconsideration of the Chapel of St Pancras at St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury","authors":"K. Dark","doi":"10.1080/00681288.2022.2033019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2022.2033019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an archaeological reconsideration of the chapel of St Pancras at St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury, using published and archival sources from over a century of excavation and archaeological survey. The evidence considered, including previously unpublished elevations and geophysical survey, sheds new light on the chapel’s structure and its context, of which it presents the fullest account yet published. Using all available sources, it is argued that the earliest phase of the ruinous building neither dates from the Roman period, nor from the mid- to late 7th century, as previously argued by other scholars, but from between 597 and 609. The same evidence supports the interpretation that the structure was rebuilt in the 7th and 8th centuries. As such, the first phase of St Pancras may be both the oldest ‘Anglo-Saxon’ ecclesiastical building visible today, and founded, consecrated and used by Saint Augustine of Canterbury himself. It provides, therefore, unique testimony to a pivotal moment in British history and offers previously unrecognized material evidence for the foundation of the English Church.","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"175 1","pages":"13 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49503388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-08DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2022.2033021
S. Badham
The first English carved stone cadaver or transi monuments appear in the early 15th century. A subset were located on double-decker tombs, many still complete with biers displaying on the top level the recumbent effigy of the commemorated au vif and on the bottom level an effigy au mort. Forty-nine complete or partial carved transi effigies survive in England from the period to 1558, twenty-one of them part of double-decker monuments. To this corpus can now be added a lost carved double-decker example from St Peter’s church in Bristol, which was gutted by bombing in the Second World War. Old photographs, drawings and church notes establish that the person commemorated by the cadaver tomb was an armigerous member of the Norton family of upwardly mobile merchants who occupied the Great House by St Peter’s church. From 1435 they had an established tradition of burial within the church, with four generations buried here during the period when the double-decker tomb was likely to have been commissioned. Stylistic comparisons with other cadaver monuments suggest that the effigy formerly at St Peter’s church most likely commemorates Thomas I (d. 1435) or Thomas II (d. 1449), probably the latter. This is early for such a cutting-edge monument, especially to a layman.
{"title":"A Lost Carved Cadaver Monument to a Member of the Norton Family at St Peter’s, Bristol","authors":"S. Badham","doi":"10.1080/00681288.2022.2033021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2022.2033021","url":null,"abstract":"The first English carved stone cadaver or transi monuments appear in the early 15th century. A subset were located on double-decker tombs, many still complete with biers displaying on the top level the recumbent effigy of the commemorated au vif and on the bottom level an effigy au mort. Forty-nine complete or partial carved transi effigies survive in England from the period to 1558, twenty-one of them part of double-decker monuments. To this corpus can now be added a lost carved double-decker example from St Peter’s church in Bristol, which was gutted by bombing in the Second World War. Old photographs, drawings and church notes establish that the person commemorated by the cadaver tomb was an armigerous member of the Norton family of upwardly mobile merchants who occupied the Great House by St Peter’s church. From 1435 they had an established tradition of burial within the church, with four generations buried here during the period when the double-decker tomb was likely to have been commissioned. Stylistic comparisons with other cadaver monuments suggest that the effigy formerly at St Peter’s church most likely commemorates Thomas I (d. 1435) or Thomas II (d. 1449), probably the latter. This is early for such a cutting-edge monument, especially to a layman.","PeriodicalId":42723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Archaeological Association","volume":"175 1","pages":"183 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45526439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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