In the period of Austro-Hungarian occupation between 1878 and 1918, the City of Mostar had a process of intensive urbanization. In that period, newly arrived engineers (surveyors) transformed the pre-existing Eastern – Ottoman qasaba (provincial town) into a Central European city. This paper revealed four models of urbanization they used in planning. The first model was developed within the existing physical structure of the city through the first regulatory plan. The second model forms the new urban centre using the empty space within the old town. The third and the fourth models expand the city over the river. While the third model forms orthogonal urban blocks, the fourth is a construction of free-standing villas within the Neo-Baroque Square in which six radial streets inflow. The engineers who worked on the regulatory plans were also discovered and presented, as well as the legislative and legal framework within which all these processes took place.
{"title":"Urbanization Models of Mostar in the Period of Austro-Hungarian Rule","authors":"Borislav Puljić","doi":"10.31522/p.29.1(61).1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.29.1(61).1","url":null,"abstract":"In the period of Austro-Hungarian occupation between 1878 and 1918, the City of Mostar had a process of intensive urbanization. In that period, newly arrived engineers (surveyors) transformed the pre-existing Eastern – Ottoman qasaba (provincial town) into a Central European city. This paper revealed four models of urbanization they used in planning. The first model was developed within the existing physical structure of the city through the first regulatory plan. The second model forms the new urban centre using the empty space within the old town. The third and the fourth models expand the city over the river. While the third model forms orthogonal urban blocks, the fourth is a construction of free-standing villas within the Neo-Baroque Square in which six radial streets inflow. The engineers who worked on the regulatory plans were also discovered and presented, as well as the legislative and legal framework within which all these processes took place.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49072438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seismic codes include strict requirements for the design and construction of mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings. These requirements call for the symmetric and regular arrangement of the structural system, increased cross-sections for columns, and the introduction of shear walls to counteract the effects of lateral seismic loads. It is challenging for architects to reconcile the demands of these codes with the spatial arrangement and commercial appeal of their designs. This study argues that such reconciliation is possible through an architectural analysis. First, the effectiveness of applying the seismic design principles required by the codes is demonstrated with the comparative analysis of two finite element models. Then three pairs of architectural models, representing the most common floor plan arrangements for such buildings in Turkey, are architecturally analyzed before and after the application of seismic design principles in terms of floor area and access to view. The results demonstrate that within the context defined by the methodology of this study, considerable seismic achievement can be achieved in mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings by the application of relatively few, basic design features by the architects.
{"title":"Reconciling Architectural Design with Seismic Codes","authors":"Cengiz Özmen","doi":"10.31522/p.29.1(61).4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.29.1(61).4","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic codes include strict requirements for the design and construction of mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings. These requirements call for the symmetric and regular arrangement of the structural system, increased cross-sections for columns, and the introduction of shear walls to counteract the effects of lateral seismic loads. It is challenging for architects to reconcile the demands of these codes with the spatial arrangement and commercial appeal of their designs.\u0000This study argues that such reconciliation is possible through an architectural analysis. First, the effectiveness of applying the seismic design principles required by the codes is demonstrated with the comparative analysis of two finite element models. Then three pairs of architectural models, representing the most common floor plan arrangements for such buildings in Turkey, are architecturally analyzed before and after the application of seismic design principles in terms of floor area and access to view. The results demonstrate that within the context defined by the methodology of this study, considerable seismic achievement can be achieved in mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings by the application of relatively few, basic design features by the architects.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48078552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is studying influence of new technologies on city development with accent on socio-spatial dimension. The primary goal of the paper is to point out the reflections of earlier ideas in the context of modern technological processes in cities. All social, technical and technological components of a community, and finally civilization, are reflected within space of the city. Although having remained the greatest consumer of many material goods, city has also become a ‘’producer’’ of many technical-technological and spiritual values of civilization. Taking into account acceleration of phenomena in the world of technology and technology featuring modernity, it reasonably brings a question on realistic chance for prediction of their further course and related social changes that are about to cause it. In many scenarios of urban future, one can sense the idea of a city as a result of high technological achievements of civilization. Special attention is paid on informational city which, connecting a lot of people into systems of interactive information technology change the way of their mutual communication, as well as their social life and culture of behaviour. Measure of organization and function of city is set by telecommunication technologies, information, and computers. If city is a ‘’print of a society in space’’, then a contemporary moment refers to ‘’digitalization’’ of human beings, digitalization of their interactions, new aesthetics, value and other criteria. The tendency of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of new technologies on 21st century cities interpreted primarily through the prism of certain theoretical and experimental ideas and concepts of the 20th century.
{"title":"Influence of Technology on Socio-spatial City Development","authors":"Ljiljana Vujadinović, Svetlana K. Perović","doi":"10.31522/p.29.1(61).9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.29.1(61).9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is studying influence of new technologies on city development with accent on socio-spatial dimension. The primary goal of the paper is to point out the reflections of earlier ideas in the context of modern technological processes in cities. All social, technical and technological components of a community, and finally civilization, are reflected within space of the city. Although having remained the greatest consumer of many material goods, city has also become a ‘’producer’’ of many technical-technological and spiritual values of civilization. Taking into account acceleration of phenomena in the world of technology and technology featuring modernity, it reasonably brings a question on realistic chance for prediction of their further course and related social changes that are about to cause it. In many scenarios of urban future, one can sense the idea of a city as a result of high technological achievements of civilization. Special attention is paid on informational city which, connecting a lot of people into systems of interactive information technology change the way of their mutual communication, as well as their social life and culture of behaviour. Measure of organization and function of city is set by telecommunication technologies, information, and computers. If city is a ‘’print of a society in space’’, then a contemporary moment refers to ‘’digitalization’’ of human beings, digitalization of their interactions, new aesthetics, value and other criteria. The tendency of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of new technologies on 21st century cities interpreted primarily through the prism of certain theoretical and experimental ideas and concepts of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46865588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rural areas cover a significant part of the Montenegrin territory and play an essential role in its development potential. These areas have been exposed to various (more spontaneous and less planned) transformations throughout history, which has been reflected in their particular characteristics. The three settlements, one from each region, were treated by analyzing identity attributes and complex issues of development and degradation of rural areas. This research aims to determine the reasons for the extinction of rural settlements and propose measures for preserving the existing and restoration of the missing values of their natural and cultural heritage. The planning procedures for recognizing and determining the criteria for the detection (today visible ones) and assessing the lost values of rural settlements are proposed at the end of this paper. Future planning and design processes could acquire the gained knowledge about these values and be employed through future development, through creating new planning and economic models for the rural settlements’ revival, protection, and improvement.
{"title":"Montenegrin Rural Settlement Attributes, Problems, and Possibilities for Development According to Their Regional Affiliation","authors":"Nevena Mašanović, Nenad Lipovac, M. Jevrić","doi":"10.31522/p.29.1(61).10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.29.1(61).10","url":null,"abstract":"The rural areas cover a significant part of the Montenegrin territory and play an essential role in its development potential. These areas have been exposed to various (more spontaneous and less planned) transformations throughout history, which has been reflected in their particular characteristics.\u0000The three settlements, one from each region, were treated by analyzing identity attributes and complex issues of development and degradation of rural areas. This research aims to determine the reasons for the extinction of rural settlements and propose measures for preserving the existing and restoration of the missing values of their natural and cultural heritage. The planning procedures for recognizing and determining the criteria for the detection (today visible ones) and assessing the lost values of rural settlements are proposed at the end of this paper. Future planning and design processes could acquire the gained knowledge about these values and be employed through future development, through creating new planning and economic models for the rural settlements’ revival, protection, and improvement.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42975978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public library has been taking active roles in the urban transformation strategies over the last twenty years. This paper researches origins and defines the public library and the city relation, systematizing those roles and strategies through literature review. The library and the city relation is confirmed as mutual and the public library is defined as the „place” in the city fabric in the accordance with its architectural attributes and location.
{"title":"Contemporary Research on the Spatial Relations between the Public Library and the City","authors":"I. Đorđević, B. B. O. Šćitaroci","doi":"10.31522/p.28.2(60).14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.28.2(60).14","url":null,"abstract":"Public library has been taking active roles in the urban transformation strategies over the last twenty years. This paper researches origins and defines the public library and the city relation, systematizing those roles and strategies through literature review. The library and the city relation is confirmed as mutual and the public library is defined as the „place” in the city fabric in the accordance with its architectural attributes and location.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":"28 1","pages":"402-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42578122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U Dubravi kod Vrbovca u srednjem su vijeku postojale dvije crkve: župna crkva sv. Margarete i crkva sv. Martina koja je služila kao župna. Postradale od Osmanlija, obje su crkve obnovljene, no od Sv. Martina preostali su do danas tek zidovi svetišta. Autor je pokušao rekonstruirati tlocrt crkve sv. Martina prema preostalim podatcima na crkvi postupkom srednjovjekovnog načina projektiranja Roritzera, Lachera i drugih. Na svetištu se nazire da je ono izvorno trebalo biti svođeno kasnogotičkim zvjezdastim svodom, ali izvedena je inačica gotičkoga križnog svoda.
{"title":"Srednjovjekovna crkva sv. Martina u Dubravi kod Vrbovca","authors":"Zorislav Horvat","doi":"10.31522/p.28.2(60).2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.28.2(60).2","url":null,"abstract":"U Dubravi kod Vrbovca u srednjem su vijeku postojale dvije crkve: župna crkva sv. Margarete i crkva sv. Martina koja je služila kao župna. Postradale od Osmanlija, obje su crkve obnovljene, no od Sv. Martina preostali su do danas tek zidovi svetišta. Autor je pokušao rekonstruirati tlocrt crkve sv. Martina prema preostalim podatcima na crkvi postupkom srednjovjekovnog načina projektiranja Roritzera, Lachera i drugih. Na svetištu se nazire da je ono izvorno trebalo biti svođeno kasnogotičkim zvjezdastim svodom, ali izvedena je inačica gotičkoga križnog svoda.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":"152 2-3","pages":"220-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41289002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate three architectural projects proposed for constructing a central prison inside the Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul during the end of the 19th c. Ottoman State assigned the famous architects of the era for this mission such as August Jasmund, Alexandre Vallaury, and Kemaleddin. The narration on the projects shows that there was a strong intention for constructing a central prison in the capital of Ottoman Empire as a sign of success for the overall penalty and prison reform that was one of the main goals for Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II (r. 1876-1909). The interpretation of these distinctive projects is significant since this interpretation helps us both to understand the transformation of the criminal justice spaces of the Ottoman Empire and to provide a new perspective for reading 19th c. Ottoman architecture.
{"title":"Making the Unwanted Visible: A Narrative on Abdülhamid Ii’s Ambitious Project for Yedikule Central Prison in Istanbul","authors":"Ceren Katipoğlu Özmen, Selahaddin Sezer","doi":"10.31522/p.28.2(60).11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.28.2(60).11","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate three architectural projects proposed for constructing a central prison inside the Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul during the end of the 19th c. Ottoman State assigned the famous architects of the era for this mission such as August Jasmund, Alexandre Vallaury, and Kemaleddin. The narration on the projects shows that there was a strong intention for constructing a central prison in the capital of Ottoman Empire as a sign of success for the overall penalty and prison reform that was one of the main goals for Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II (r. 1876-1909). The interpretation of these distinctive projects is significant since this interpretation helps us both to understand the transformation of the criminal justice spaces of the Ottoman Empire and to provide a new perspective for reading 19th c. Ottoman architecture.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":"28 1","pages":"360-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47116431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tin Kovač, Ariana Štulhofer, Hela Vukadin-Doronjga
Vizionarski projekt Centra za vodene sportove (Kombinirano plivalište) na području Delte između Rijeke i Sušaka arhitekata V. Turine, Z. Radića, N. Kučana i I. Seiferta iz 1949. godine jedno je od najznačajnijih konceptualnih rješenja hrvatske moderne arhitekture. Karakterizira ga mogućnost transformacije prostora pomoću konstrukcije pokretne čelične tribine gledališta koja na trač nicama klizi od otvorenog bazena, kroz bazensku dvoranu kružnog presjeka do atletskog stadiona. Bazenska se dvorana, uz male preinake podne konstrukcije, može prenamijeniti u dvoranu za različite sadržaje.
{"title":"Projekt Centra za vodene sportove (Kombinirano plivalište) Rijeka-Sušak arhitekta Vladimira Turine, 1949.","authors":"Tin Kovač, Ariana Štulhofer, Hela Vukadin-Doronjga","doi":"10.31522/p.28.2(60).7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.28.2(60).7","url":null,"abstract":"Vizionarski projekt Centra za vodene sportove (Kombinirano plivalište) na području Delte između Rijeke i Sušaka arhitekata V. Turine, Z. Radića, N. Kučana i I. Seiferta iz 1949. godine jedno je od najznačajnijih konceptualnih rješenja hrvatske moderne arhitekture. Karakterizira ga mogućnost transformacije prostora pomoću konstrukcije pokretne čelične tribine gledališta koja na trač nicama klizi od otvorenog bazena, kroz bazensku dvoranu kružnog presjeka do atletskog stadiona. Bazenska se dvorana, uz male preinake podne konstrukcije, može prenamijeniti u dvoranu za različite sadržaje.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48998041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Istražuje se prostorni i arhitektonski razvoj majura nastalog u sklopu maksimirske biskupske šume koja se od kraja 18. do sredine 19. stoljeća preuređivala u velik javni perivoj-park. Majur je bio važan gospodarski, edukacijski i funkcionalni sadržaj velikoga parka. Istraživanje se temelji na analizi povijesne kartografske i nacrtne dokumentacije s ciljem utvrđivanja prostornih i graditeljskih mijena dok je majur bio u posjedu Zagrebačke nadbiskupije.
{"title":"Maksimirski majur u Zagrebu","authors":"M. Duić, Mladen Obad Šćitaroci","doi":"10.31522/p.28.2(60).4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.28.2(60).4","url":null,"abstract":"Istražuje se prostorni i arhitektonski razvoj majura nastalog u sklopu maksimirske biskupske šume koja se od kraja 18. do sredine 19. stoljeća preuređivala u velik javni perivoj-park. Majur je bio važan gospodarski, edukacijski i funkcionalni sadržaj velikoga parka. Istraživanje se temelji na analizi povijesne kartografske i nacrtne dokumentacije s ciljem utvrđivanja prostornih i graditeljskih mijena dok je majur bio u posjedu Zagrebačke nadbiskupije.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tema rada jesu javni projekti u Republici Hrvatskoj u sklopu mehanizma integriranih teritorijalnih ulaganja Europske unije. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo kriterije, sustav ocjenjivanja i odabira projekata. Rad ukazuje na važnost teritorijalne kohezije te prikazuje ciljeve i prioritete regionalnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske u kontekstu regionalnih politika Europske unije. Prepoznato je da interdisciplinarno vođenje javnih projekata u etapi pripreme predstavlja temelj za održivi urbani razvoj.
{"title":"Održivi urbani razvoj u kontekstu mehanizma integriranih teritorijalnih ulaganja","authors":"Boris Iharoš, Kristina Careva","doi":"10.31522/p.28.2(60).16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31522/p.28.2(60).16","url":null,"abstract":"Tema rada jesu javni projekti u Republici Hrvatskoj u sklopu mehanizma integriranih teritorijalnih ulaganja Europske unije. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo kriterije, sustav ocjenjivanja i odabira projekata. Rad ukazuje na važnost teritorijalne kohezije te prikazuje ciljeve i prioritete regionalnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske u kontekstu regionalnih politika Europske unije. Prepoznato je da interdisciplinarno vođenje javnih projekata u etapi pripreme predstavlja temelj za održivi urbani razvoj.","PeriodicalId":42738,"journal":{"name":"Prostor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44197470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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