This article analyses the historical trajectory of a southern Brazilian population emerging from the interbreeding of Amerindian, African and European peoples: the so-called caboclos. In particular, it focuses on their relationship with Brazilian institutions in the nation-building and modernisation processes between 1889 and 1945. Although caboclos constituted a considerable portion of the population of southern Brazil, because of their lifestyle, they were generally regarded as incapable of participating in the national developmental effort. As a result, they were forcefully assimilated through ethnic interbreeding and sanitation reforms. Reconstructing this historical process, this article adopts the term 'bio-anthropophagy', a concept describing the combination of anthropological and biological practices of persecution and appropriation in the region. First, it looks at the impact of racial theories promoted by national institutions during the nineteenth century that led to ethnic persecutions and forced interbreeding of caboclos. Second, it addresses the role played by the combination of eugenic theories and sanitation policies since the 1920s, leading to significant techno-environmental reforms in the region. While the combination of these bio-anthropophagic reforms progressively dismantled the caboclo way of life and their ecosystems, some of their environmental practices and values resurfaced in recent times with the emergence of environmentalism and agroecology in the region.
{"title":"Bio-anthropophagy, or the Anthropocene in the Making: the Caboclo Peoples in the Construction of Modern Brazil (1889-1939)","authors":"Claiton Marcio da Silva, Claudio de Majo","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150203","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the historical trajectory of a southern Brazilian population emerging from the interbreeding of Amerindian, African and European peoples: the so-called caboclos. In particular, it focuses on their relationship with Brazilian institutions in the nation-building\u0000 and modernisation processes between 1889 and 1945. Although caboclos constituted a considerable portion of the population of southern Brazil, because of their lifestyle, they were generally regarded as incapable of participating in the national developmental effort. As a result, they were\u0000 forcefully assimilated through ethnic interbreeding and sanitation reforms. Reconstructing this historical process, this article adopts the term 'bio-anthropophagy', a concept describing the combination of anthropological and biological practices of persecution and appropriation in the region.\u0000 First, it looks at the impact of racial theories promoted by national institutions during the nineteenth century that led to ethnic persecutions and forced interbreeding of caboclos. Second, it addresses the role played by the combination of eugenic theories and sanitation policies since the\u0000 1920s, leading to significant techno-environmental reforms in the region. While the combination of these bio-anthropophagic reforms progressively dismantled the caboclo way of life and their ecosystems, some of their environmental practices and values resurfaced in recent times with the emergence\u0000 of environmentalism and agroecology in the region.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86870931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we historicise the co-production of regional visions and governing practices for hydrocarbon explorations in the particular case of Greece. The paper aims to contribute a new understanding of state-building processes by studying how visions and infrastructures steered energy policies, (re-)configured hydrocarbon resource spaces and shaped technopolitical order in the Eastern Mediterranean. Chronologically, the storyline is divided into three distinct periods, in which visions and related practices shaped the hydrocarbon space: the first period in which the hydrocarbon space was constructed, the second period in which a non-commons truce was maintained to avoid conflict, and the final period in which a cosmopolitan common in the Eastern Mediterranean emerged.
{"title":"From National to Cosmopolitan Hydrocarbons Resource Space: Hydrocarbons, Transnational Politics and the State in Greece","authors":"Yannis Fotopoulos, S. Arapostathis","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150206","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we historicise the co-production of regional visions and governing practices for hydrocarbon explorations in the particular case of Greece. The paper aims to contribute a new understanding of state-building processes by studying how visions and infrastructures steered\u0000 energy policies, (re-)configured hydrocarbon resource spaces and shaped technopolitical order in the Eastern Mediterranean. Chronologically, the storyline is divided into three distinct periods, in which visions and related practices shaped the hydrocarbon space: the first period in which\u0000 the hydrocarbon space was constructed, the second period in which a non-commons truce was maintained to avoid conflict, and the final period in which a cosmopolitan common in the Eastern Mediterranean emerged.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82091907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article argues that histories of global north and south are interconnected and inseparable parts of the same processes that shaped different environments. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, systematic science-based commodification attributed economic and use values to natural resources. This changed western perceptions of natural environments. The commodification of plant and animal oils led to global entanglements of European production and consumption with resource extraction sites in Africa, Asia and the Antarctic. These historical accounts are often written in national frames or focused on one commodity. This article explores the global in ter- and cross linkages with and between extraction regions. The historical distribution of sustainability gains and costs was continuously negotiated through building these global supply chains. I trace socio-technical changes from 1910 to 1940, when West European margarine industries constructed the entangled global resource supply chains. This article scrutinises the contestation, tensions and outcomes, revealing the conflicting values, interests and differences in power relations between indigenous actors and the global system entanglers active in Congo, Indonesia and the Antarctic. My analysis highlights the social and ecological changes in the entangled regions, and sketches the global economic, social and ecological trade-offs of these developments.
{"title":"Catalysing Socio-Ecological Change: The Extraction and Processing of Edible Oils, 1910-1940","authors":"F. Veraart","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150207","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that histories of global north and south are interconnected and inseparable parts of the same processes that shaped different environments. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, systematic science-based commodification attributed economic and use values to natural\u0000 resources. This changed western perceptions of natural environments. The commodification of plant and animal oils led to global entanglements of European production and consumption with resource extraction sites in Africa, Asia and the Antarctic. These historical accounts are often written\u0000 in national frames or focused on one commodity. This article explores the global in ter- and cross linkages with and between extraction regions. The historical distribution of sustainability gains and costs was continuously negotiated through building these global supply chains. I trace socio-technical\u0000 changes from 1910 to 1940, when West European margarine industries constructed the entangled global resource supply chains. This article scrutinises the contestation, tensions and outcomes, revealing the conflicting values, interests and differences in power relations between indigenous actors\u0000 and the global system entanglers active in Congo, Indonesia and the Antarctic. My analysis highlights the social and ecological changes in the entangled regions, and sketches the global economic, social and ecological trade-offs of these developments.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84160242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
So far, the field of sustainability history has insufficiently addressed the tricky politics of academic sustainability knowledge making. In response, this paper studies how scientific research on palm oil sustainability, when defining sustainability problems and solutions, enacted a postcolonial politics of difference between Southeast Asia and Europe. Iterating between quantitative database queries (2,500+ sources) and close reading, we found that voices of scientists from both regions were amply represented in palm oil sustainability research, but presented different types of narratives. Research originating from Southeast Asia predominantly foregrounded situated problems originating, experienced and to be redressed within the region itself. By contrast, diverse strands of research led by scholars from Europe addressed universalised global sustainability problems for humanity, notably global deforestation and climate change. This research framed palm oil farmers in Southeast Asia as responsible for causing and solving such problems while attributing to European actors the responsibility of ensuring Southeast Asian actors' compliance with global sustainability standards through certification schemes. Critically, European actors were thereby acquitted of their own historical and future responsibilities, even though the latter had long deforested their own territories and contributed significantly more to climate change, played a pivotal role in establishing palm oil cultivation and trade, and constituted leading importers of soy in the twentieth century. To open up for more equitable and inclusive future sustainability imaginaries, we encourage historical research that studies, situates and unpacks diverse sustainability knowledges and narratives across the globe in a symmetrical manner.
{"title":"Sustainability Knowledge Politics: Southeast Asia, Europe and the Transregional History of Palm Oil Sustainability Research","authors":"Evelien de Hoop, Erik van der Vleuten","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150202","url":null,"abstract":"So far, the field of sustainability history has insufficiently addressed the tricky politics of academic sustainability knowledge making. In response, this paper studies how scientific research on palm oil sustainability, when defining sustainability problems and solutions, enacted\u0000 a postcolonial politics of difference between Southeast Asia and Europe. Iterating between quantitative database queries (2,500+ sources) and close reading, we found that voices of scientists from both regions were amply represented in palm oil sustainability research, but presented different\u0000 types of narratives. Research originating from Southeast Asia predominantly foregrounded situated problems originating, experienced and to be redressed within the region itself. By contrast, diverse strands of research led by scholars from Europe addressed universalised global sustainability\u0000 problems for humanity, notably global deforestation and climate change. This research framed palm oil farmers in Southeast Asia as responsible for causing and solving such problems while attributing to European actors the responsibility of ensuring Southeast Asian actors' compliance with global\u0000 sustainability standards through certification schemes. Critically, European actors were thereby acquitted of their own historical and future responsibilities, even though the latter had long deforested their own territories and contributed significantly more to climate change, played a pivotal\u0000 role in establishing palm oil cultivation and trade, and constituted leading importers of soy in the twentieth century. To open up for more equitable and inclusive future sustainability imaginaries, we encourage historical research that studies, situates and unpacks diverse sustainability\u0000 knowledges and narratives across the globe in a symmetrical manner.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82855060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most striking transformation processes of the Anthropocene in Argentina is related to the occupation of the territory through agricultural activities and the arrival of the train from the mid-nineteenth century. The transformations of the Pampa biome are a typical case of socio-environmental transitions caused by the country's entry into the global market. At the basis of agricultural expansion through the agro-export model was the idea of an 'empty' territory. At the core of the Anthropocene is the homogenisation of environments, from the introduction of exotic fauna and flora, technologies, cultures and ideas (modernity). This process of homogenisation implies the destruction of the heterogeneity of native ecosystems. Considering aspects such as these, and considering socio-environmental analyses together with technological issues, our paper elucidates the peculiarity of Argentina's modernisation process in the context of the Anthropocene.
{"title":"The Expansion of the Railway and Environmental Changes: The Modern Configuration of the Argentine Pampas, c. 1870-1930","authors":"Ana Marcela França de Oliveira, A. Zarrilli","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150204","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most striking transformation processes of the Anthropocene in Argentina is related to the occupation of the territory through agricultural activities and the arrival of the train from the mid-nineteenth century. The transformations of the Pampa biome are a typical case of\u0000 socio-environmental transitions caused by the country's entry into the global market. At the basis of agricultural expansion through the agro-export model was the idea of an 'empty' territory. At the core of the Anthropocene is the homogenisation of environments, from the introduction of exotic\u0000 fauna and flora, technologies, cultures and ideas (modernity). This process of homogenisation implies the destruction of the heterogeneity of native ecosystems. Considering aspects such as these, and considering socio-environmental analyses together with technological issues, our paper elucidates\u0000 the peculiarity of Argentina's modernisation process in the context of the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86237046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study of the bohemian Ore Mountains illustrates the stranglehold of wealthy German entrepreneurs (the Welser, Höchtstetter, Fugger, Nutzel, etc.) on the mineral resources of the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge, Krušné hory) in Bohemia in the sixteenth century, at the expense of the local population. The German commercial firms were the only ones in the region with sufficient capital to invest in the development of Bohemian mines. They had control over a large part of the ore production, which was sent to dynamic north-western European markets. The income generated by the extraction remained temporary for the local population and limited to the time of extraction, which is characteristic of a peripheral economy. The environmental footprint of the mining and the size of the hinterland necessary to supply the mines were much more extensive. Forest overexploitation was caused by the unreasonable extraction of ore, which reduced and depleted forest cover. The lifestyle of populations and the development of local industries were damaged by the pollution of land, forest or fish resources, or the construction of gigantic hydraulic installations to facilitate the floating of wood. The archaeological research results and paleo-environmental studies mobilised in this study testify to this alteration of the environment. Mining statutes were not compelling enough to moderate the ecological footprint of extraction. However, mining laws and scholarly writings, such as Agricola's De Re Metallica in 1556, show the awareness of authorities and scholars of the dangers of mining activities.
这项对波西米亚矿石山的研究说明了16世纪富有的德国企业家(Welser, Höchtstetter, Fugger, Nutzel等)以牺牲当地居民的利益为代价，对波西米亚矿石山(Erzgebirge, Krušné hory)的矿产资源的束缚。德国商业公司是该地区唯一有足够资本投资开发波西米亚矿山的公司。他们控制了很大一部分矿石生产，这些矿石被运往充满活力的西北欧市场。采掘所产生的收入对当地居民来说仍然是暂时的，而且限于采掘的时间，这是外围经济的特点。采矿的环境足迹和供应矿山所需的腹地面积要广泛得多。森林的过度开发是由于矿石的不合理开采，导致森林覆盖面积的减少和枯竭。人们的生活方式和当地工业的发展受到土地、森林或鱼类资源的污染，或建造巨大的水力设施以促进木材的漂浮。本研究调动的考古研究成果和古环境研究证明了这种环境的变化。采矿法规没有足够的说服力来缓和开采的生态足迹。然而，采矿法和学术著作，如Agricola 1556年的De Re Metallica，表明当局和学者意识到采矿活动的危险。
{"title":"The Ore Mountains Mining Area in Bohemia: A Reservoir of Silver Resources in Central Europe in the Sixteenth Century","authors":"Sarah Claire","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150103","url":null,"abstract":"This study of the bohemian Ore Mountains illustrates the stranglehold of wealthy German entrepreneurs (the Welser, Höchtstetter, Fugger, Nutzel, etc.) on the mineral resources of the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge, Krušné hory) in Bohemia in the sixteenth century, at the\u0000 expense of the local population. The German commercial firms were the only ones in the region with sufficient capital to invest in the development of Bohemian mines. They had control over a large part of the ore production, which was sent to dynamic north-western European markets. The income\u0000 generated by the extraction remained temporary for the local population and limited to the time of extraction, which is characteristic of a peripheral economy. The environmental footprint of the mining and the size of the hinterland necessary to supply the mines were much more extensive. Forest\u0000 overexploitation was caused by the unreasonable extraction of ore, which reduced and depleted forest cover. The lifestyle of populations and the development of local industries were damaged by the pollution of land, forest or fish resources, or the construction of gigantic hydraulic installations\u0000 to facilitate the floating of wood. The archaeological research results and paleo-environmental studies mobilised in this study testify to this alteration of the environment. Mining statutes were not compelling enough to moderate the ecological footprint of extraction. However, mining laws\u0000 and scholarly writings, such as Agricola's De Re Metallica in 1556, show the awareness of authorities and scholars of the dangers of mining activities.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90291006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researchers have long puzzled over the clearly paradoxical nature of Russian Poland's trading pattern from the point of view of the centre-periphery model. Located on the Western edge of the Russian Empire, this territory formed a periphery under the tight political domination of Saint Petersburg but, at the same time, it was a quickly developing zone, supplying the Russian heartland with manufactured goods. Challenging the idea of a full redirection of the regional economy towards the Russian market, the article reassesses the territory's foreign trade and shows that extractive activity for Western markets had not completely disappeared. There is certainly at least one notable exception to the standard view: the timber trade, which appears to have followed a separate path compared with other rural goods and was associated with huge social and environmental costs. Made possible both by the increasing pressure from German capital and a series of political decisions by Russian rule, these massive exports were part of a new dynamic, parallel and opposite to this territory's industrialisation: the advance of a resource frontier that made Russian Poland a timber reserve for a Germany that had become the leading industrial power on the continent.
{"title":"Productive or Extractive Periphery? Russian Poland and Timber Exports to Germany in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries","authors":"Jawad Daheur","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150105","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have long puzzled over the clearly paradoxical nature of Russian Poland's trading pattern from the point of view of the centre-periphery model. Located on the Western edge of the Russian Empire, this territory formed a periphery under the tight political domination of Saint\u0000 Petersburg but, at the same time, it was a quickly developing zone, supplying the Russian heartland with manufactured goods. Challenging the idea of a full redirection of the regional economy towards the Russian market, the article reassesses the territory's foreign trade and shows that extractive\u0000 activity for Western markets had not completely disappeared. There is certainly at least one notable exception to the standard view: the timber trade, which appears to have followed a separate path compared with other rural goods and was associated with huge social and environmental costs.\u0000 Made possible both by the increasing pressure from German capital and a series of political decisions by Russian rule, these massive exports were part of a new dynamic, parallel and opposite to this territory's industrialisation: the advance of a resource frontier that made Russian Poland\u0000 a timber reserve for a Germany that had become the leading industrial power on the continent.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84169757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of Modern Times, the 'Maremma' and the 'Colline Metalliferi' in southern Tuscany experienced intense extractive activity. The minerals and water and forest resources available in the region allowed the production of metals (iron, copper, perhaps silver) and especially sulphates (alum, vitriol) which were massively exported, sometimes as far as Northern Europe. Located on the margins of three powerful states, i.e. the Papal States and the Republics of Florence and Siena, the area was far from major urban centres (Rome, Florence, Siena) but was the subject of sustained attention by urban elites such as the Medici, Spannocchi, Chigi and other families, to the detriment of rural communities. By cross-referencing the documentary sources of rural municipalities and territorial States (deliberations, notarised deeds, private accounts), the article aims to show how this marginal space became in a few decades a major economic and political issue within the peninsula; how it was exploited, thanks to specific structures of production and rural space governance; and finally how this development drove environmental degradation through disturbances in the Maremma river system.
{"title":"Resource Extraction in a Marginal Space: Mining Revival and the Environment in Southern Tuscany and Northern Latium at the Turn of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries","authors":"Didier Boisseuil","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150102","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of Modern Times, the 'Maremma' and the 'Colline Metalliferi' in southern Tuscany experienced intense extractive activity. The minerals and water and forest resources available in the region allowed the production of metals (iron, copper,\u0000 perhaps silver) and especially sulphates (alum, vitriol) which were massively exported, sometimes as far as Northern Europe. Located on the margins of three powerful states, i.e. the Papal States and the Republics of Florence and Siena, the area was far from major urban centres (Rome, Florence,\u0000 Siena) but was the subject of sustained attention by urban elites such as the Medici, Spannocchi, Chigi and other families, to the detriment of rural communities. By cross-referencing the documentary sources of rural municipalities and territorial States (deliberations, notarised deeds, private\u0000 accounts), the article aims to show how this marginal space became in a few decades a major economic and political issue within the peninsula; how it was exploited, thanks to specific structures of production and rural space governance; and finally how this development drove environmental\u0000 degradation through disturbances in the Maremma river system.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76220998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"David Moon, Nicholas B. Breyfogle and Alexandra Bekasova (eds), Place and Nature: Essays in Russian Environmental History","authors":"P. Josephson","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73799945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article explores the transformations that occurred in Lombardy's extractive peripheries, which supplied wood for trade and manufacturing purposes, from the last decades of the eighteenth century to the Italian national unification. In this period, the management of Lombardy's woodland heritage emerged as an issue of strategic concern, with economic, social and environmental consequences. The aim of this contribution is to outline the causes and effects of the increasing demand for wood in ancien régime Lombardy, focusing on the role played by this resource in influencing the relations between the political, urban and economic centres of the region and the extractive peripheries supplying the raw material.
{"title":"Economic Transformations and Environmental Crises in Lombardy's Extractive Areas: The Case of Wood (Late Eighteenth to Mid-Nineteenth Centuries)","authors":"Maurizio Romano","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150104","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the transformations that occurred in Lombardy's extractive peripheries, which supplied wood for trade and manufacturing purposes, from the last decades of the eighteenth century to the Italian national unification. In this period, the management of Lombardy's woodland\u0000 heritage emerged as an issue of strategic concern, with economic, social and environmental consequences. The aim of this contribution is to outline the causes and effects of the increasing demand for wood in ancien régime Lombardy, focusing on the role played by this resource in influencing\u0000 the relations between the political, urban and economic centres of the region and the extractive peripheries supplying the raw material.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73430316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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