This paper focuses on recent legal innovations that recognise rivers as having rights in countries and cultures of the Global South. These innovations arise from the urgency to look into the interests and health of both rivers and indigenous/local peoples who depend on the resources of rivers for their material and spiritual sustenance. The article proceeds in three sections. In the first section, we outline the main currents in the formal legal doctrine that are shaping the granting of river rights worldwide. The second section brings out the political and religious undercurrents which tend to reshape legal initiatives in different national cultures and give rise to diverging socio-legal trajectories. Here we track these movements in three countries, namely Colombia, New Zealand and India. In the final section, we outline imaginaries that envision new and recast planetary institutions - including a parliament of rivers - in the context of emergent ecological concerns.
{"title":"River Rights: Currents, Undercurrents and Planetary Vistas","authors":"Rita Brara, María Valeria Berros","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on recent legal innovations that recognise rivers as having rights in countries and cultures of the Global South. These innovations arise from the urgency to look into the interests and health of both rivers and indigenous/local peoples who depend on the resources\u0000 of rivers for their material and spiritual sustenance. The article proceeds in three sections. In the first section, we outline the main currents in the formal legal doctrine that are shaping the granting of river rights worldwide. The second section brings out the political and religious\u0000 undercurrents which tend to reshape legal initiatives in different national cultures and give rise to diverging socio-legal trajectories. Here we track these movements in three countries, namely Colombia, New Zealand and India. In the final section, we outline imaginaries that envision new\u0000 and recast planetary institutions - including a parliament of rivers - in the context of emergent ecological concerns.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77621633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"R. Douglas Hurt, The Green Revolution in the Global South: Science, Politics and Unintended Consequences","authors":"Claudio de Majo","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76035109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focuses on the paradigm shift towards green investment to enhance the resilience of economies and job opportunities under conditions of severe recession and accelerated environmental challenges, and asks what impact the present scenario of COVID-19 leaves on the economy situation. The present study has only focused on the impacts of environmental factors (EF), environmental consciousness (EC), and temporal orientation (TO) on green investment, testing these using a fixed effects model. A representative sample from a homogeneous group is included in the final dataset. However, panel data of 84 observations from 21 cities during the period 2015-2019 are included in the completed sample. The hypothesis constructed for this study was tested for 84 observations from 21 cities between 2015 and 2019. Data from the Saudi General Authority is extracted and tested through regression models. The results show that environmental factors, environmental consciousness and temporal orientation are likely to influence green investment across different regions in Saudi Arabia. Present knowledge about green investment is contributed to through this study that highlights implications for environmentally friendly production activities.
{"title":"Paradigm Shift in Green Investments: A Potential Platform for Creating Employment Opportunities and Economic Stability in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Nadia Yusuf, Lamia Saud Shesha","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150306","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the paradigm shift towards green investment to enhance the resilience of economies and job opportunities under conditions of severe recession and accelerated environmental challenges, and asks what impact the present scenario of COVID-19 leaves on the economy situation.\u0000 The present study has only focused on the impacts of environmental factors (EF), environmental consciousness (EC), and temporal orientation (TO) on green investment, testing these using a fixed effects model. A representative sample from a homogeneous group is included in the final dataset.\u0000 However, panel data of 84 observations from 21 cities during the period 2015-2019 are included in the completed sample. The hypothesis constructed for this study was tested for 84 observations from 21 cities between 2015 and 2019. Data from the Saudi General Authority is extracted and tested\u0000 through regression models. The results show that environmental factors, environmental consciousness and temporal orientation are likely to influence green investment across different regions in Saudi Arabia. Present knowledge about green investment is contributed to through this study that\u0000 highlights implications for environmentally friendly production activities.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88627724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cassiano Brito Rocha, Ryan Nehring, S. D. E. Silva
The rapid growth of soybean production and exports over the past five decades has transformed vast regions in South America. Five countries in particular - Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay - are amongst the ten largest soy producers in the world. Taken together, they have been called the United Republic of Soy or Soylandia due to similarities in the socio-environmental drivers and consequences of soy production between their territories. This article analyses the nature of soy production and exports in Soylandia as a window into the nature of transnational commodity frontiers. We draw on data from FAOSTAT and the Observatory of Economic Complexity to show how the commodity frontier of soy has expanded over time within and between these five countries, as well as the importance of ecoregions in shaping that expansion. We argue that more attention should be paid to the socio-environmental drivers and consequences of agricultural commodity frontiers that transcend traditional understandings of national borders.
{"title":"Soy Without Borders: The Transnational Dynamics of Commodity Frontiers In South America (1971-2019)","authors":"Cassiano Brito Rocha, Ryan Nehring, S. D. E. Silva","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150301","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of soybean production and exports over the past five decades has transformed vast regions in South America. Five countries in particular - Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay - are amongst the ten largest soy producers in the world. Taken together, they\u0000 have been called the United Republic of Soy or Soylandia due to similarities in the socio-environmental drivers and consequences of soy production between their territories. This article analyses the nature of soy production and exports in Soylandia as a window into the nature of transnational\u0000 commodity frontiers. We draw on data from FAOSTAT and the Observatory of Economic Complexity to show how the commodity frontier of soy has expanded over time within and between these five countries, as well as the importance of ecoregions in shaping that expansion. We argue that more attention\u0000 should be paid to the socio-environmental drivers and consequences of agricultural commodity frontiers that transcend traditional understandings of national borders.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76456909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the summer of 1783, a sulphuric, dry fog that lasted for several weeks covered much of Europe. As a result, the sun, moon and other celestial objects appeared 'blood-red'. Speculation in Europe was rife as to the cause of this unusual weather. In Iceland, the Laki fissure had erupted; from June 1783 to February 1784, it released the greatest volume of lava of any eruption on planet Earth in the last millennium. The ejected gases travelled to Europe and beyond via the jet stream. Unaware of the Icelandic eruption, some contemporaries from the German Territories hypothesised that the dry fog emanated from a local source, namely one or more supposed German volcanoes. This paper traces the reports of these 'eruptions' from the perspective of environmental history and presents translations of pertinent newspaper articles that have, for the most part, remained unstudied, in order to evaluate the possible reasons for the emergence of this idea.
{"title":"Active Volcanoes, Active Imaginations: Fire-Spitting Mountains and Subterraneous Roars in the German Territories in the Summer of 1783","authors":"Katrin Kleemann","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150302","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer of 1783, a sulphuric, dry fog that lasted for several weeks covered much of Europe. As a result, the sun, moon and other celestial objects appeared 'blood-red'. Speculation in Europe was rife as to the cause of this unusual weather. In Iceland, the Laki fissure had erupted;\u0000 from June 1783 to February 1784, it released the greatest volume of lava of any eruption on planet Earth in the last millennium. The ejected gases travelled to Europe and beyond via the jet stream. Unaware of the Icelandic eruption, some contemporaries from the German Territories hypothesised\u0000 that the dry fog emanated from a local source, namely one or more supposed German volcanoes. This paper traces the reports of these 'eruptions' from the perspective of environmental history and presents translations of pertinent newspaper articles that have, for the most part, remained unstudied,\u0000 in order to evaluate the possible reasons for the emergence of this idea.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84073841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research examines linkages in maize production, the liberation struggle and environmental transformation in Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, 1965-1979. The paper is about discourses on rural livelihoods and ecological transformation in times of crises. It uses the case study research strategy to examine wartime production of the staple maize in ten communal areas of Mount Darwin District by the Korekore people, part of the Shona ethnic group, the largest in Zimbabwe. To a large extent, the Korekore depended on maize-dominated diets and incomes. Their maize economy had far-reaching environmental ramifications in the form of deforestation and soil erosion leading to loss of biodiversity. This was at a time when the entire Mount Darwin District was the epicentre of fourteen years of, at first, low intensity warfare followed by widespread intensive and extensive rural-based guerrilla fighting, which altered maize based livelihoods and the environment. Mount Darwin District offers the best opportunity to analyse how maize farming, war and ecology interacted, because the war of independence not only began in this region in 1965, but the Korekore bore the brunt of the fighting - including confinement in several so called protected villages, keeps or makipi. Maize production was steady during the first phase of the war, 1965-72, but its potential for growth was hamstrung and disrupted with the intensification of conflict, 1973-79. While maize agriculture remained a key livelihood strategy, its continuous cultivation on the same fields resulted in environmental degeneration.
{"title":"Maize is Life! Maize Production and Environmental Transformation in Wartime Rhodesia: 1965-1979","authors":"V. Kwashirai","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150304","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines linkages in maize production, the liberation struggle and environmental transformation in Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, 1965-1979. The paper is about discourses on rural livelihoods and ecological transformation in times of crises. It uses the case study research strategy\u0000 to examine wartime production of the staple maize in ten communal areas of Mount Darwin District by the Korekore people, part of the Shona ethnic group, the largest in Zimbabwe. To a large extent, the Korekore depended on maize-dominated diets and incomes. Their maize economy had far-reaching\u0000 environmental ramifications in the form of deforestation and soil erosion leading to loss of biodiversity. This was at a time when the entire Mount Darwin District was the epicentre of fourteen years of, at first, low intensity warfare followed by widespread intensive and extensive rural-based\u0000 guerrilla fighting, which altered maize based livelihoods and the environment. Mount Darwin District offers the best opportunity to analyse how maize farming, war and ecology interacted, because the war of independence not only began in this region in 1965, but the Korekore bore the brunt\u0000 of the fighting - including confinement in several so called protected villages, keeps or makipi. Maize production was steady during the first phase of the war, 1965-72, but its potential for growth was hamstrung and disrupted with the intensification of conflict, 1973-79. While maize agriculture\u0000 remained a key livelihood strategy, its continuous cultivation on the same fields resulted in environmental degeneration.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79730586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evelien de Hoop, A. Sridhar, Claiton Marcio da Silva, Erik van der Vleuten
on connected histories of technology and socio-ecological in we the Anthropocene’. We the papers in this that both relations and
在我们人类世的技术和社会生态的相互联系的历史。我们的论文在这两者的关系和
{"title":"Historicising Entanglements: Science, Technology and Socio-Ecological Change in the Postcolonial Anthropocene","authors":"Evelien de Hoop, A. Sridhar, Claiton Marcio da Silva, Erik van der Vleuten","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150201","url":null,"abstract":"on connected histories of technology and socio-ecological in we the Anthropocene’. We the papers in this that both relations and","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77055258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Nile River has featured prominently in both nationalist memoirs and foreigners' travelogues. This paper explores human interventions in the Nile, not in the physical changes in the landscape but rather in the imagination, discourses and knowledge production of the nineteenth century European and Ottoman Empires. We show how the emergence of the 'modern river' was made possible by two crucial strains of Nile imaginaries and knowledge. The paper examines writings by European travellers and nationalist writing by Egypt's modernist, Alī Mubārak. Through our analysis we show how the Nile was co-constituted by two principal story-telling ventures: European travelogues and Egyptian modernist writing.
{"title":"Imagining the Nile: Knowledge-Power Nexus in the 19th Century Anthropocene","authors":"A. Abazeed, Yasmine Hafez","doi":"10.3197/ge.2022.150205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150205","url":null,"abstract":"The Nile River has featured prominently in both nationalist memoirs and foreigners' travelogues. This paper explores human interventions in the Nile, not in the physical changes in the landscape but rather in the imagination, discourses and knowledge production of the nineteenth century\u0000 European and Ottoman Empires. We show how the emergence of the 'modern river' was made possible by two crucial strains of Nile imaginaries and knowledge. The paper examines writings by European travellers and nationalist writing by Egypt's modernist, Alī Mubārak. Through our analysis\u0000 we show how the Nile was co-constituted by two principal story-telling ventures: European travelogues and Egyptian modernist writing.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77898805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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