Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.3828/whp.ge.63830891682097
Emily O'Gorman
{"title":"Notes from the Icehouse: What's in a Name? More-Than-Human Approaches and Environmental History","authors":"Emily O'Gorman","doi":"10.3828/whp.ge.63830891682097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.ge.63830891682097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spaces of Living in Transformation: Sights, Sounds and Sensations of Munich's River and Slaughterhouse Districts","authors":"D. Dumas, Carolin Maertens","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"54 24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90045940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Rummel, Simone M. Müller, K. Holmberg, Benedikt Boucsein, Avi Sharma, Talitta Reitz
One and six times. More-than-human time, deep time, past and future time, time control(led), waiting time, imagined time, before and after. One and six times - one and many times. One in multiple layers of (inter-)disciplinary vantage points on urban time(s) from a historian, an archaeologist, a geoscientist, an architect, a landscape architect, an urban planner. We cannot ever deal with only one time. We will always be faced with the challenge of integrating the geological and the biological, the historical human and more-than-human, the artefact and the material, the simultaneity of before and after, of experience and expectation, into one, very subjective and ever-changing, urban experience as we walk, breathe, live and study the city. Any city.
{"title":"Variations on a Theme: Temporality, Cities and the Environment","authors":"D. Rummel, Simone M. Müller, K. Holmberg, Benedikt Boucsein, Avi Sharma, Talitta Reitz","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160204","url":null,"abstract":"One and six times. More-than-human time, deep time, past and future time, time control(led), waiting time, imagined time, before and after. One and six times - one and many times. One in multiple layers of (inter-)disciplinary vantage points on urban time(s) from a historian, an archaeologist,\u0000 a geoscientist, an architect, a landscape architect, an urban planner. We cannot ever deal with only one time. We will always be faced with the challenge of integrating the geological and the biological, the historical human and more-than-human, the artefact and the material, the simultaneity\u0000 of before and after, of experience and expectation, into one, very subjective and ever-changing, urban experience as we walk, breathe, live and study the city. Any city.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"331 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74973039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonja Dümpelmann, Robert R. Gioielli, S. Pauleit, A. Sinha, K. Wright, Amy Zhang
As scholars from the fields of history, anthropology and animal studies, as well as landscape planning and management, we discuss various forms of urban and urbanising infrastructures and their political entanglements. Questioning and illuminating how various actors and their practices build and shape urban environments, we address topics ranging from the black soldier fly - used as biotechnological infrastructure to manage waste - to other nonhumans, like macaques -developing and negotiating their own urbanisms; from plants and community gardens - used as green infrastructures to provide shade and food, and social infrastructures to endure and resist - to the transportation infrastructures that humans have built to both segregate and divide, as well as to live and unite. In case studies situated across the world, we present different conceptualisations of infrastructures as complex human-nonhuman co-productions that shape the modern city.
{"title":"Making Urban Environments: Infrastructures of Power, Resistance and Negotiation","authors":"Sonja Dümpelmann, Robert R. Gioielli, S. Pauleit, A. Sinha, K. Wright, Amy Zhang","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160203","url":null,"abstract":"As scholars from the fields of history, anthropology and animal studies, as well as landscape planning and management, we discuss various forms of urban and urbanising infrastructures and their political entanglements. Questioning and illuminating how various actors and their practices\u0000 build and shape urban environments, we address topics ranging from the black soldier fly - used as biotechnological infrastructure to manage waste - to other nonhumans, like macaques -developing and negotiating their own urbanisms; from plants and community gardens - used as green infrastructures\u0000 to provide shade and food, and social infrastructures to endure and resist - to the transportation infrastructures that humans have built to both segregate and divide, as well as to live and unite. In case studies situated across the world, we present different conceptualisations of infrastructures\u0000 as complex human-nonhuman co-productions that shape the modern city.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"365 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78011279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses the nineteenth-century genesis of the urban flora in Bogotá and Medellín. Using historical evidence, it explores how these two Colombian cities turned into floristic islands different from their nearby environments. This study shows how the uniqueness of the urban flora responds to a historical accumulation of species followed by an increase of the botanical repertoire of the cities. This enrichment of plants was accompanied with new human-plant interactions based on disciplined behaviours implemented by the emergent urban elite. Through organisations such as the Embellishment Society of Bogotá, these elites established mechanisms of green proselytising to solve conflict between people and plants that unfolded in the recently opened parks and gardens. By opening a dialogue between urban, landscape and ethnobotanical studies, this paper explores an integrative approach towards the plants in cities, showing how the urban nature in highly biodiverse cities is a historical process not free of conflicts and negotiations between humans and photosynthetic organisms.
{"title":"The Genesis of an Urban Flora: New Plants, Their Conflicts and Regulations in Colombian Cities","authors":"Diego Molina","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160206","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the nineteenth-century genesis of the urban flora in Bogotá and Medellín. Using historical evidence, it explores how these two Colombian cities turned into floristic islands different from their nearby environments. This study shows how the uniqueness\u0000 of the urban flora responds to a historical accumulation of species followed by an increase of the botanical repertoire of the cities. This enrichment of plants was accompanied with new human-plant interactions based on disciplined behaviours implemented by the emergent urban elite. Through\u0000 organisations such as the Embellishment Society of Bogotá, these elites established mechanisms of green proselytising to solve conflict between people and plants that unfolded in the recently opened parks and gardens. By opening a dialogue between urban, landscape and ethnobotanical\u0000 studies, this paper explores an integrative approach towards the plants in cities, showing how the urban nature in highly biodiverse cities is a historical process not free of conflicts and negotiations between humans and photosynthetic organisms.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88900198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raúl Acosta, J. Adedeji, Maan Barua, M. Gandy, L. Gora, K. Schlichting
Since the Enlightenment, cities have been considered as exemplary spaces of human achievement. Technological developments and the constant reorganisation of materials and infrastructures have contributed to a widely shared conception of nature as something outside of urban areas. Our age, framed by the Anthropocene and the sixth wave of extinction, has shattered such vision. Novel reflections across the natural sciences, the arts and the humanities have chosen to focus on relational entanglements instead of separating the city from the environment. In this short collection, we offer a series of reflections about multiple urban natures that often remain unknown or concealed. Each of us does so from a unique disciplinary perspective, ranging from anthropology to history and geography over urban ecology, urban studies and landscape architecture. We hope to point towards a multidisciplinary articulation of urban nature as in itself diverse, complex and de-centred.
{"title":"Thinking with Urban Natures","authors":"Raúl Acosta, J. Adedeji, Maan Barua, M. Gandy, L. Gora, K. Schlichting","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160202","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Enlightenment, cities have been considered as exemplary spaces of human achievement. Technological developments and the constant reorganisation of materials and infrastructures have contributed to a widely shared conception of nature as something outside of urban areas. Our\u0000 age, framed by the Anthropocene and the sixth wave of extinction, has shattered such vision. Novel reflections across the natural sciences, the arts and the humanities have chosen to focus on relational entanglements instead of separating the city from the environment. In this short collection,\u0000 we offer a series of reflections about multiple urban natures that often remain unknown or concealed. Each of us does so from a unique disciplinary perspective, ranging from anthropology to history and geography over urban ecology, urban studies and landscape architecture. We hope to point\u0000 towards a multidisciplinary articulation of urban nature as in itself diverse, complex and de-centred.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89491001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Irritations and Unforeseen Consequences of the Urban: Debating Natures, Politics and Timescapes","authors":"Eveline, Regine Keller, D. Dumas","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72611653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The layout of the contemporary Armenian capital Yerevan is based on a 1924 master plan by the Soviet Armenian architect Alexander Tamanyan, who was inspired by the English concept of the 'garden city'. Still, the city has a much longer 'green tradition' that is documented for pre-Soviet times and might reach back to - or at least allude to - the parks and gardens of ancient Mesopotamia. In this article, we give insights into this local green tradition. First, we describe the changing attitude towards the city and urban green space and the city's and city dwellers' changing relationship to nature more generally. We then introduce the Cascade, a Soviet fountain structure, as an example to illustrate some of the recent developments and to map out the tangible and intangible links with the ancient past. Finally, building on our interpretation of the ancient and recent past of Yerevan, we make some suggestions for how to (re)turn the Cascade into a green project that is both traditional and at the same time modern.
{"title":"The Transformation of Green Zones in Yerevan, Armenia: Domestication of Nature, Times of Ruination and the Idea of 'New Hanging Gardens'","authors":"Heiko Conrad, Susanne Fehlings","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160205","url":null,"abstract":"The layout of the contemporary Armenian capital Yerevan is based on a 1924 master plan by the Soviet Armenian architect Alexander Tamanyan, who was inspired by the English concept of the 'garden city'. Still, the city has a much longer 'green tradition' that is documented for pre-Soviet\u0000 times and might reach back to - or at least allude to - the parks and gardens of ancient Mesopotamia. In this article, we give insights into this local green tradition. First, we describe the changing attitude towards the city and urban green space and the city's and city dwellers' changing\u0000 relationship to nature more generally. We then introduce the Cascade, a Soviet fountain structure, as an example to illustrate some of the recent developments and to map out the tangible and intangible links with the ancient past. Finally, building on our interpretation of the ancient and\u0000 recent past of Yerevan, we make some suggestions for how to (re)turn the Cascade into a green project that is both traditional and at the same time modern.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81141364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban-development controversies usually involve complicated struggles over knowledge. One way to analyse them is the framework of epistemic injustice - the feeling of one's knowledge not being acted upon - often experienced by vulnerable groups. The present case shows that middle-class citizens are also affected as the controversy pits different understandings of 'green' against each other. Even activists in well-resourced positions protesting the development of a beautiful island, sense the weakness of official, modern types of evidence. They are, however, willing to host activist-artistic experiments that highlight various historical legacies of modern life, simultaneously challenging conventional ways of knowing and definitions of what is environmental. The paper interprets this form of activism as making the island itself appear as a crystallisation of harmful processes, diffused in time and space and involving diverse types of actors. Difficult to capture with modern ways of knowing, these processes are nevertheless embedded in the natural and cultural heritage accumulated over time in urban landscapes.
{"title":"On Cherishing a Beautiful Place: Epistemic Politics and Historic Heritage in a Nordic Controversy","authors":"E. Berglund","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160207","url":null,"abstract":"Urban-development controversies usually involve complicated struggles over knowledge. One way to analyse them is the framework of epistemic injustice - the feeling of one's knowledge not being acted upon - often experienced by vulnerable groups. The present case shows that middle-class\u0000 citizens are also affected as the controversy pits different understandings of 'green' against each other. Even activists in well-resourced positions protesting the development of a beautiful island, sense the weakness of official, modern types of evidence. They are, however, willing to host\u0000 activist-artistic experiments that highlight various historical legacies of modern life, simultaneously challenging conventional ways of knowing and definitions of what is environmental. The paper interprets this form of activism as making the island itself appear as a crystallisation of harmful\u0000 processes, diffused in time and space and involving diverse types of actors. Difficult to capture with modern ways of knowing, these processes are nevertheless embedded in the natural and cultural heritage accumulated over time in urban landscapes.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80530430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the twentieth-century history of guanaco hunting in southern Patagonia in order to call attention to the significance of commercial hunting in the industrial age. Guanacos, an American camelid related to llamas, are the largest herbivore inhabiting the semi-arid steppe lands of Patagonia. In the nineteenth-century, indigenous Aónikenks traded quillangos, a cape-like garment made from the soft fur of juvenile guanacos, with colonial settlers. The rapid expansion of export-oriented sheep ranching beginning in the 1880s gave rise to a new social ecology based on the violent displacement of Aónikenk and Selk'nam forager/hunters, the introduction of an exotic ungulate and the use of seasonal, migrant labor. I trace the transformation of commercial guanaco hunting from an Aónikenk-dominated activity to one carried out by migrant hunters and small-scale traders who exported guanaquitos, the undressed furs of juvenile guanacos. Drawing on evidence from both Argentina and the United States, I document the hunting and export of millions of guanaquitos between the 1920s and the 1980s. I conclude by suggesting that the persistence of guanacos today is largely due to a decline in sheep ranching in addition to changes in fashion, and Argentina's participation in international conventions to protect wildlife. The recent history of guanacos suggests that rather than thinking of hunting, habitat loss and consumption as separate threats to wildlife, they are best thought of as entangled components that together have shaped modern histories of people and animals.
{"title":"The Wild Side: Hunting Guanacos in Patagonia","authors":"J. Soluri","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160103","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the twentieth-century history of guanaco hunting in southern Patagonia in order to call attention to the significance of commercial hunting in the industrial age. Guanacos, an American camelid related to llamas, are the largest herbivore inhabiting the semi-arid\u0000 steppe lands of Patagonia. In the nineteenth-century, indigenous Aónikenks traded quillangos, a cape-like garment made from the soft fur of juvenile guanacos, with colonial settlers. The rapid expansion of export-oriented sheep ranching beginning in the 1880s gave rise to a new social\u0000 ecology based on the violent displacement of Aónikenk and Selk'nam forager/hunters, the introduction of an exotic ungulate and the use of seasonal, migrant labor. I trace the transformation of commercial guanaco hunting from an Aónikenk-dominated activity to one carried out by\u0000 migrant hunters and small-scale traders who exported guanaquitos, the undressed furs of juvenile guanacos. Drawing on evidence from both Argentina and the United States, I document the hunting and export of millions of guanaquitos between the 1920s and the 1980s. I conclude by suggesting that\u0000 the persistence of guanacos today is largely due to a decline in sheep ranching in addition to changes in fashion, and Argentina's participation in international conventions to protect wildlife. The recent history of guanacos suggests that rather than thinking of hunting, habitat loss and\u0000 consumption as separate threats to wildlife, they are best thought of as entangled components that together have shaped modern histories of people and animals.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91318192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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