J. Lorthioir, L. Arzel, S. Ginestar, L. Assmann, N. Barreau
An alternative to conventional Cu(In,Ga)Se2 module structure is proposed and experimentally investigated. This alternative module structure, which consists in applying metallic buses to connect monolithically adjacent cells in series, is likely to offer the opportunity of minimizing both optical and electrical losses observed in conventional module structure compared to small area cells. The fabrication process of such alternative modules is presented. The performances achieved are discussed in comparison with a standard small-area-cell elaborated simultaneously. Despite slightly lower output voltage per cell, the alternative module structure demonstrates an efficiency of 17.2% (with 81% fill factor), against 16.4% (with 75% fill factor) for the standard cell. This promising result opens new routes to decrease the gap observed between small-area-cells and industrial modules.
{"title":"17.2% efficiency CuIn1−xGaxSe2 thin-film based mini-module thanks to alternative architecture yielding 81% fill factor","authors":"J. Lorthioir, L. Arzel, S. Ginestar, L. Assmann, N. Barreau","doi":"10.1051/EPJPV/2019003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJPV/2019003","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative to conventional Cu(In,Ga)Se2 module structure is proposed and experimentally investigated. This alternative module structure, which consists in applying metallic buses to connect monolithically adjacent cells in series, is likely to offer the opportunity of minimizing both optical and electrical losses observed in conventional module structure compared to small area cells. The fabrication process of such alternative modules is presented. The performances achieved are discussed in comparison with a standard small-area-cell elaborated simultaneously. Despite slightly lower output voltage per cell, the alternative module structure demonstrates an efficiency of 17.2% (with 81% fill factor), against 16.4% (with 75% fill factor) for the standard cell. This promising result opens new routes to decrease the gap observed between small-area-cells and industrial modules.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJPV/2019003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57827509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Cherif, Amina Labiod, D. Barakel, S. Touihri, P. Torchio
Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) attract high interest for solar energy harvesting. They are based on organic thin films sandwiched between two electrodes, one of them being transparent and conductive. Nowadays, ITO remains the most widely used transparent conductive electrode (TCE) because of its excellent optical and electrical properties compared to other TCEs. However, it has some drawbacks such as scarcity of indium, high fabrication cost, and mechanical properties poorly adapted to use as flexible substrates. To keep these performances without indium, several materials can replace ITO such as MoO3, ZnO, ZnS, TiO2,… as dielectric and Ag, Cu,... as metal inside a dielectric/metal/dielectric three-layer structure. A Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) based numerical model is used to predict the optical behavior of the considered electrodes. ZnS/Ag/TiOx electrodes are manufactured by a vacuum electron beam evaporator on glass substrates, then characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer for obtaining transmittance and reflectance and by a four-point method for the measurement of sheet resistance. It is found that the simulation and experimental curves are quite similar. The transmittance is measured to be higher than 80% on a wide spectral band that can be tailored by the thickness of the upper dielectric material. The optical window Δλ, for T > 80%, can be tuned in the 400–800 nm spectral band, according to the thickness of TiOx in the 25–50 nm range. This variation allows us to adapt our electrode to organic materials in order to optimize the performance of organic solar cells. The sheet resistance obtained is around to 7 Ω/sq, which gives our electrodes the transparent and conductive character simultaneously. A typical parameter to compare the electrodes is the merit figure, which questions the average optical transmission T av in the visible range and the sheet resistance R sq. By applying this figure to many manufactured electrodes, the obtained optimal structure of our TCEs is demonstrated to be ZnS (40 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/TiOx (30 nm).
{"title":"Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiOx transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells","authors":"Mohamed Cherif, Amina Labiod, D. Barakel, S. Touihri, P. Torchio","doi":"10.1051/EPJPV/2019004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJPV/2019004","url":null,"abstract":"Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) attract high interest for solar energy harvesting. They are based on organic thin films sandwiched between two electrodes, one of them being transparent and conductive. Nowadays, ITO remains the most widely used transparent conductive electrode (TCE) because of its excellent optical and electrical properties compared to other TCEs. However, it has some drawbacks such as scarcity of indium, high fabrication cost, and mechanical properties poorly adapted to use as flexible substrates. To keep these performances without indium, several materials can replace ITO such as MoO3, ZnO, ZnS, TiO2,… as dielectric and Ag, Cu,... as metal inside a dielectric/metal/dielectric three-layer structure. A Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) based numerical model is used to predict the optical behavior of the considered electrodes. ZnS/Ag/TiOx electrodes are manufactured by a vacuum electron beam evaporator on glass substrates, then characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer for obtaining transmittance and reflectance and by a four-point method for the measurement of sheet resistance. It is found that the simulation and experimental curves are quite similar. The transmittance is measured to be higher than 80% on a wide spectral band that can be tailored by the thickness of the upper dielectric material. The optical window Δλ, for T > 80%, can be tuned in the 400–800 nm spectral band, according to the thickness of TiOx in the 25–50 nm range. This variation allows us to adapt our electrode to organic materials in order to optimize the performance of organic solar cells. The sheet resistance obtained is around to 7 Ω/sq, which gives our electrodes the transparent and conductive character simultaneously. A typical parameter to compare the electrodes is the merit figure, which questions the average optical transmission T av in the visible range and the sheet resistance R sq. By applying this figure to many manufactured electrodes, the obtained optimal structure of our TCEs is demonstrated to be ZnS (40 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/TiOx (30 nm).","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJPV/2019004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57827530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amélie Perraudeau, C. Dublanche-Tixier, P. Tristant, C. Chazelas, S. Vedraine, B. Ratier
An original low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process was used to deposit titanium dioxide thin films. The parametric study in dynamic mode deposition aimed at growing an ideal columnar film composed of aligned anatase monocrystals as solar cell photoanode, previously obtained on silicon wafers in static mode deposition. A process parameters optimization was necessary to deposit onto thermally sensitive glass/FTO substrates. In this paper, the morphology, crystallinity and optical transmission of the coatings have been studied. The coatings display a columnar cauliflower-like structure, composed of TiO2amorphous particles assembly. After deposition, the light transmission properties of the substrate were reduced. As a solution, an ultrasound bath cleaning was set up to enhance the transmitted light through the photoanode.
{"title":"Low-temperature deposition of TiO2by atmospheric pressure PECVD towards photoanode elaboration for perovskite and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"Amélie Perraudeau, C. Dublanche-Tixier, P. Tristant, C. Chazelas, S. Vedraine, B. Ratier","doi":"10.1051/EPJPV/2019006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJPV/2019006","url":null,"abstract":"An original low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process was used to deposit titanium dioxide thin films. The parametric study in dynamic mode deposition aimed at growing an ideal columnar film composed of aligned anatase monocrystals as solar cell photoanode, previously obtained on silicon wafers in static mode deposition. A process parameters optimization was necessary to deposit onto thermally sensitive glass/FTO substrates. In this paper, the morphology, crystallinity and optical transmission of the coatings have been studied. The coatings display a columnar cauliflower-like structure, composed of TiO2amorphous particles assembly. After deposition, the light transmission properties of the substrate were reduced. As a solution, an ultrasound bath cleaning was set up to enhance the transmitted light through the photoanode.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJPV/2019006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57827566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：