M. Yamaguchi, F. Dimroth, N. Ekins‐Daukes, N. Kojima, Y. Ohshita
The development of high-performance solar cells offers a promising pathway toward achieving high power per unit cost for many applications. Because state-of-the-art efficiencies of single-junction solar cells are approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit, the multi-junction (MJ) solar cells are very attractive for high-efficiency solar cells. This paper reviews progress in III–V compound single-junction and MJ solar cells. In addition, analytical results for efficiency potential and non-radiative recombination and resistance losses in III–V compound single-junction and MJ solar cells are presented for further understanding and decreasing major losses in III–V compound materials and MJ solar cells. GaAs single-junction, III–V 2-junction and III–V 3-junction solar cells are shown to have potential efficiencies of 30%, 37% and 47%, respectively. Although in initial stage of developments, GaAs single-junction and III–V MJ solar cells have shown low ERE values, ERE values have been improved as a result of several technology development such as device structure and material quality developments. In the case of III–V MJ solar cells, improvements in ERE of sub-cells are shown to be necessary for further improvements in efficiencies of MJ solar cells.
{"title":"Overview and loss analysis of III–V single-junction and multi-junction solar cells","authors":"M. Yamaguchi, F. Dimroth, N. Ekins‐Daukes, N. Kojima, Y. Ohshita","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2022020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022020","url":null,"abstract":"The development of high-performance solar cells offers a promising pathway toward achieving high power per unit cost for many applications. Because state-of-the-art efficiencies of single-junction solar cells are approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit, the multi-junction (MJ) solar cells are very attractive for high-efficiency solar cells. This paper reviews progress in III–V compound single-junction and MJ solar cells. In addition, analytical results for efficiency potential and non-radiative recombination and resistance losses in III–V compound single-junction and MJ solar cells are presented for further understanding and decreasing major losses in III–V compound materials and MJ solar cells. GaAs single-junction, III–V 2-junction and III–V 3-junction solar cells are shown to have potential efficiencies of 30%, 37% and 47%, respectively. Although in initial stage of developments, GaAs single-junction and III–V MJ solar cells have shown low ERE values, ERE values have been improved as a result of several technology development such as device structure and material quality developments. In the case of III–V MJ solar cells, improvements in ERE of sub-cells are shown to be necessary for further improvements in efficiencies of MJ solar cells.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57828401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Silvano, Jacopo Sala, T. Merckx, Y. Kuang, Pieter Verding, J. D’Haen, Tom Aernouts, B. Vermang, W. Deferme
Perovskite materials have gathered increased interest over the last decade. Their rapidly rising efficiency, coupled with the compatibility with solution processing and thin film technology has put perovskite solar cells (PSC) on the spotlight of photovoltaic research. On top of that, band gap tunability via composition changes makes them a perfect candidate for tandem applications, allowing for further harvest of the solar irradiation spectrum and improved power conversion efficiency (PCE). In order to convert all these advantages into large scale production and have increased dissemination in the energy generation market, perovskite fabrication must be adapted and optimized with the use of high throughput, continuous processes, such as ultrasonic spray coating (USSC). In this paper we investigate the ultrasonically spray coated perovskite layers for photovoltaic applications, with particular focus on the quenching-assisted crystallization step. Different quenching techniques are introduced to the process and compared in terms of final layer morphology and cell performance. Finally, gas quenching is used with the large-scale-compatible deposition and allows the production of perovskite solar cells with PCE >15%.
{"title":"A study of quenching approaches to optimize ultrasonic spray coated perovskite layers scalable for PV","authors":"J. Silvano, Jacopo Sala, T. Merckx, Y. Kuang, Pieter Verding, J. D’Haen, Tom Aernouts, B. Vermang, W. Deferme","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2022008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022008","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite materials have gathered increased interest over the last decade. Their rapidly rising efficiency, coupled with the compatibility with solution processing and thin film technology has put perovskite solar cells (PSC) on the spotlight of photovoltaic research. On top of that, band gap tunability via composition changes makes them a perfect candidate for tandem applications, allowing for further harvest of the solar irradiation spectrum and improved power conversion efficiency (PCE). In order to convert all these advantages into large scale production and have increased dissemination in the energy generation market, perovskite fabrication must be adapted and optimized with the use of high throughput, continuous processes, such as ultrasonic spray coating (USSC). In this paper we investigate the ultrasonically spray coated perovskite layers for photovoltaic applications, with particular focus on the quenching-assisted crystallization step. Different quenching techniques are introduced to the process and compared in terms of final layer morphology and cell performance. Finally, gas quenching is used with the large-scale-compatible deposition and allows the production of perovskite solar cells with PCE >15%.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57828219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Schweigstill, A. Spribille, J. D. Huyeng, Florian Clement, Stefan W. Glunz
The Metal Wrap Through+ (HIP-MWT+) solar cell is based on the PERC concept but features two additional electrical contacts, namely the Schottky contact between p-type Si bulk and Ag n-contact and the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contact on the rear side of the cell below the n-contact pads. To prevent thermal hotspots under reverse bias, both contacts shall either restrict current flow or allow a homogenous current flow at low voltage. In this work we present both options. First the stable reverse bias characteristics up to −15 V with a MIS contact using industrially manufactured SiON passivation and second, an integrated by-pass diode using AlOX as insulator in the passivation stack allowing current flows at approximately Vrev = –3.5 V depending on the chosen screen-print paste. The examined Schottky contacts break down at around Vrev = –2.5 V. Reverse bias testing of the cells reveals a solid performance of the cells under reverse bias and an average conversion efficiency of η = 21.2% (AlOX) and η = 20.7% (SiON), respectively.
{"title":"Stable reverse bias or integrated bypass diode in HIP‑MWT+ solar cells","authors":"T. Schweigstill, A. Spribille, J. D. Huyeng, Florian Clement, Stefan W. Glunz","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2021016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2021016","url":null,"abstract":"The Metal Wrap Through+ (HIP-MWT+) solar cell is based on the PERC concept but features two additional electrical contacts, namely the Schottky contact between p-type Si bulk and Ag n-contact and the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contact on the rear side of the cell below the n-contact pads. To prevent thermal hotspots under reverse bias, both contacts shall either restrict current flow or allow a homogenous current flow at low voltage. In this work we present both options. First the stable reverse bias characteristics up to −15 V with a MIS contact using industrially manufactured SiON passivation and second, an integrated by-pass diode using AlOX as insulator in the passivation stack allowing current flows at approximately Vrev = –3.5 V depending on the chosen screen-print paste. The examined Schottky contacts break down at around Vrev = –2.5 V. Reverse bias testing of the cells reveals a solid performance of the cells under reverse bias and an average conversion efficiency of η = 21.2% (AlOX) and η = 20.7% (SiON), respectively.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57827480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amran Binomairah, Azizi Abdullah, B. Khoo, Z. Mahdavipour, T. W. Teo, Nor Shahirah Mohd Noor, Mohd Zaid Abdullah
Two common defects encountered during manufacturing of crystalline silicon solar cells are microcrack and dark spot or dark region. The microcrack in particular is a major threat to module performance since it is responsible for most PV failures and other types of damage in the field. On the other hand, dark region in which one cell or part of the cell appears darker under UV illumination is mainly responsible for PV reduced efficiency, and eventually lost of performance. Therefore, one key challenge for solar cell manufacturers is to remove defective cells from further processing. Recently, few researchers have investigated deep learning as an alternative approach for defect detection in solar cell manufacturing. The results are quite encouraging. This paper evaluates the convolutional neural network based on heavy-weighted You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 4 or YOLOv4 and the tiny version of this algorithm referred here as Tiny-YOLOv4. Experimental results suggest that the multi-class YOLOv4 is the best model in term of mean average precision (mAP) and prediction time, averaging at 98.8% and 62.9 ms respectively. Meanwhile an improved Tiny-YOLOv4 with Spatial Pyramid Pooling scheme resulted in mAP of 91.0% and runtime of 28.2 ms. Even though the tiny-weighted YOLOv4 performs slightly lower compared to its heavy-weighted counterpart, however the runtime of the former is 2.2 order much faster than the later.
在晶硅太阳能电池的制造过程中，常见的两种缺陷是微裂纹和暗斑。微裂纹是组件性能的主要威胁，因为它是导致大多数PV故障和现场其他类型损坏的原因。另一方面，在紫外线照射下，一个或部分电池变暗的暗区是光伏效率降低，最终丧失性能的主要原因。因此，太阳能电池制造商面临的一个关键挑战是在进一步加工中去除有缺陷的电池。最近，很少有研究人员将深度学习作为太阳能电池制造中缺陷检测的替代方法。结果相当令人鼓舞。本文评估了基于权重You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 4或YOLOv4的卷积神经网络，以及该算法的微型版本tiny -YOLOv4。实验结果表明，在平均精度(mAP)和预测时间方面，多类YOLOv4是最好的模型，平均精度分别为98.8%和62.9 ms。采用空间金字塔池方案的改进Tiny-YOLOv4的mAP值为91.0%，运行时间为28.2 ms。尽管小权重的YOLOv4的性能略低于大权重的YOLOv4，但是前者的运行时间比后者快2.2个数量级。
{"title":"Detection of microcracks and dark spots in monocrystalline PERC cells using photoluminescene imaging and YOLO-based CNN with spatial pyramid pooling","authors":"Amran Binomairah, Azizi Abdullah, B. Khoo, Z. Mahdavipour, T. W. Teo, Nor Shahirah Mohd Noor, Mohd Zaid Abdullah","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2022025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022025","url":null,"abstract":"Two common defects encountered during manufacturing of crystalline silicon solar cells are microcrack and dark spot or dark region. The microcrack in particular is a major threat to module performance since it is responsible for most PV failures and other types of damage in the field. On the other hand, dark region in which one cell or part of the cell appears darker under UV illumination is mainly responsible for PV reduced efficiency, and eventually lost of performance. Therefore, one key challenge for solar cell manufacturers is to remove defective cells from further processing. Recently, few researchers have investigated deep learning as an alternative approach for defect detection in solar cell manufacturing. The results are quite encouraging. This paper evaluates the convolutional neural network based on heavy-weighted You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 4 or YOLOv4 and the tiny version of this algorithm referred here as Tiny-YOLOv4. Experimental results suggest that the multi-class YOLOv4 is the best model in term of mean average precision (mAP) and prediction time, averaging at 98.8% and 62.9 ms respectively. Meanwhile an improved Tiny-YOLOv4 with Spatial Pyramid Pooling scheme resulted in mAP of 91.0% and runtime of 28.2 ms. Even though the tiny-weighted YOLOv4 performs slightly lower compared to its heavy-weighted counterpart, however the runtime of the former is 2.2 order much faster than the later.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57828039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a fully coupled opto-electro-thermal model for crystalline silicon solar cells is presented. Based on a detailed set of material properties, the developed model allows us to predict and analyse the solar cell behaviour under real operating conditions in a standalone framework. The results show the potential of our model to study the influence of the cell design on its real operating performance, thus giving a new opportunity for silicon solar cell optimisation. Specifically, the doping level is found to impact both the operating temperature and the temperature coefficient, showing that two cells with the same power conversion efficiency in standard test conditions can have a very different efficiency under real operating conditions. We also demonstrate the model capability to assess in detail the influence of environmental conditions, such as the solar spectrum, which also impacts the temperature coefficient. As the latter is not required by our material-based approach but is a simulation output, this work opens the way to more reliable outdoor prediction. Moreover, the various perspectives and challenges associated with the proposed detailed multiphysics simulation of solar cells are discussed, providing important guidelines for future studies.
{"title":"A fully coupled opto-electro-thermal model to investigate silicon solar cells under real operating conditions","authors":"Jérémy Dumoulin, E. Drouard, M. Amara","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2022018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022018","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a fully coupled opto-electro-thermal model for crystalline silicon solar cells is presented. Based on a detailed set of material properties, the developed model allows us to predict and analyse the solar cell behaviour under real operating conditions in a standalone framework. The results show the potential of our model to study the influence of the cell design on its real operating performance, thus giving a new opportunity for silicon solar cell optimisation. Specifically, the doping level is found to impact both the operating temperature and the temperature coefficient, showing that two cells with the same power conversion efficiency in standard test conditions can have a very different efficiency under real operating conditions. We also demonstrate the model capability to assess in detail the influence of environmental conditions, such as the solar spectrum, which also impacts the temperature coefficient. As the latter is not required by our material-based approach but is a simulation output, this work opens the way to more reliable outdoor prediction. Moreover, the various perspectives and challenges associated with the proposed detailed multiphysics simulation of solar cells are discussed, providing important guidelines for future studies.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57828332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Saretta, P. Bonomo, Willy Maeder, V. K. Nguyen, F. Frontini
Digitalization is providing advantages to all sectors around the world and it can be of relevance also for the photovoltaic (PV) sector. As an example, the current value chain of the European PV sector is often characterized by analogue and fragmented processes that should be overcame to support greater PV deployment. The adoption of a more open and collaborative digital-based approach characterized by data-sharing among different stakeholders and more integrated information thread from the design till O&M can provide direct benefits in optimizing the PV process, increasing performances, and reducing of costs. Therefore, a novel PV Information Management (PIM) approach has been drawn within the European H2020 project “SuperPV”. In accordance with PIM objectives, a workflow for seamlessly transferring data along main PV work-stages has been developed, as well as new digital features to specifically address collaborative approach in the PV sector such as: (i) advanced functionalities introduced in the existing BIMSolar® software for improving the simultaneous design, performance simulation and cost assessment of medium and large PV systems, (ii) a proof-of-concept for aggregating all relevant information into a Digital Twin platform aimed at setting the ground for post-construction management and lifecycle assessment of the whole PV system.
{"title":"Digitalization as a driver for supporting PV deployment and cost reduction","authors":"E. Saretta, P. Bonomo, Willy Maeder, V. K. Nguyen, F. Frontini","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2021013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2021013","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization is providing advantages to all sectors around the world and it can be of relevance also for the photovoltaic (PV) sector. As an example, the current value chain of the European PV sector is often characterized by analogue and fragmented processes that should be overcame to support greater PV deployment. The adoption of a more open and collaborative digital-based approach characterized by data-sharing among different stakeholders and more integrated information thread from the design till O&M can provide direct benefits in optimizing the PV process, increasing performances, and reducing of costs. Therefore, a novel PV Information Management (PIM) approach has been drawn within the European H2020 project “SuperPV”. In accordance with PIM objectives, a workflow for seamlessly transferring data along main PV work-stages has been developed, as well as new digital features to specifically address collaborative approach in the PV sector such as: (i) advanced functionalities introduced in the existing BIMSolar® software for improving the simultaneous design, performance simulation and cost assessment of medium and large PV systems, (ii) a proof-of-concept for aggregating all relevant information into a Digital Twin platform aimed at setting the ground for post-construction management and lifecycle assessment of the whole PV system.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57827905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tim Helder, A. Kanevce, A. Bauer, Mario Zinßer, S. Paetel, T. Friedlmeier, M. Powalla
In this study, Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements have been performed on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells from an inline co-evaporation system. The focus of this investigation is directed on the effect of rubidium-fluoride (RbF)-post-deposition treatment (PDT) on the defects in the CIGS absorber layer. Different traps can be identified and their properties are calculated. Herein, different methods of evaluations have been used to verify the results. Specifically, one minority trap around 400 meV was found to show a significant reduction of the trap density due to the alkali treatment. In contrast, a majority trap at approximately 600 meV is unaffected.
{"title":"DLTS investigations on CIGS solar cells from an inline co-evaporation system with RbF post-deposition treatment","authors":"Tim Helder, A. Kanevce, A. Bauer, Mario Zinßer, S. Paetel, T. Friedlmeier, M. Powalla","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2022003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022003","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements have been performed on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells from an inline co-evaporation system. The focus of this investigation is directed on the effect of rubidium-fluoride (RbF)-post-deposition treatment (PDT) on the defects in the CIGS absorber layer. Different traps can be identified and their properties are calculated. Herein, different methods of evaluations have been used to verify the results. Specifically, one minority trap around 400 meV was found to show a significant reduction of the trap density due to the alkali treatment. In contrast, a majority trap at approximately 600 meV is unaffected.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57827555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Andrea, Konstantinos Kordos, E. Lidorikis, Dimitrios P. Papageorgiou
Fused-ring electron acceptors end-capped with electron withdrawing groups have contributed to the ever-increasing power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. Adding π-extensions and halogenating the end groups are two popular strategies to boost performance even further. In this work, a typical non-fullerene acceptor molecule, IDIC, is used as a model system for investigating the impact of the halogenation approach at the molecular level. The two end groups are substituted by fluorinated and chlorinated counterparts and their electronic and optical properties are systematically probed using ab-initio calculations. In gas phase, halogenation lowers the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and narrows the energy gap, especially for the chlorinated compound. Moreover, chlorinated IDIC exhibits the largest redshift and the smallest reorganization energy. Finally, crystal structures of the three compounds are constructed, revealing an improved transfer integral and transfer rate for the halogenated variants. Specifically, the chlorination strategy leads to an increase of 60% in transfer rate, compared to halogen-free IDIC.
{"title":"Fluorination and chlorination effects on the charge transport properties of the IDIC non-fullerene acceptor: an ab-initio investigation","authors":"M. Andrea, Konstantinos Kordos, E. Lidorikis, Dimitrios P. Papageorgiou","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2022012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022012","url":null,"abstract":"Fused-ring electron acceptors end-capped with electron withdrawing groups have contributed to the ever-increasing power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. Adding π-extensions and halogenating the end groups are two popular strategies to boost performance even further. In this work, a typical non-fullerene acceptor molecule, IDIC, is used as a model system for investigating the impact of the halogenation approach at the molecular level. The two end groups are substituted by fluorinated and chlorinated counterparts and their electronic and optical properties are systematically probed using ab-initio calculations. In gas phase, halogenation lowers the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and narrows the energy gap, especially for the chlorinated compound. Moreover, chlorinated IDIC exhibits the largest redshift and the smallest reorganization energy. Finally, crystal structures of the three compounds are constructed, revealing an improved transfer integral and transfer rate for the halogenated variants. Specifically, the chlorination strategy leads to an increase of 60% in transfer rate, compared to halogen-free IDIC.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57828266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Manshanden, G. Coletti, Victor Rosca, M. Jansen, Koen de Groot, Gertjan J. de Graaff, M. Creatore, L. Šimurka, M. Najafi, V. Zardetto, Ilkar Dogan, H. Fledderus, S. Veenstra
Improving the performance of solar modules requires the implementation of both spectral and directional irradiance optimization. The performance of bifacial four-terminal tandem minimodules with a 100 cm2 area is reported, both indoor and outdoor measurements. We demonstrate a 24.5 mW/cm2 (bifacial irradiance 200 W/m2) bifacial tandem power density, measured according to a tandem adapted IEC60904-1-2 protocol, which constitutes a 3 mW/cm2 gain with respect to monofacial use. In addition, we show that in outdoor measurements bifacial four terminal tandems outperform identical monofacial four terminal tandems by 26% on average, depending on incident angle, injection level and temperature, in a 10% albedo environment. The average gain is higher for outdoor performance than for indoor performance, due to variations in relative rear irradiance.
{"title":"Quantifying the performance gain of 100 cm2 bifacial four terminal perovskite-Si tandem modules","authors":"P. Manshanden, G. Coletti, Victor Rosca, M. Jansen, Koen de Groot, Gertjan J. de Graaff, M. Creatore, L. Šimurka, M. Najafi, V. Zardetto, Ilkar Dogan, H. Fledderus, S. Veenstra","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2022006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022006","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the performance of solar modules requires the implementation of both spectral and directional irradiance optimization. The performance of bifacial four-terminal tandem minimodules with a 100 cm2 area is reported, both indoor and outdoor measurements. We demonstrate a 24.5 mW/cm2 (bifacial irradiance 200 W/m2) bifacial tandem power density, measured according to a tandem adapted IEC60904-1-2 protocol, which constitutes a 3 mW/cm2 gain with respect to monofacial use. In addition, we show that in outdoor measurements bifacial four terminal tandems outperform identical monofacial four terminal tandems by 26% on average, depending on incident angle, injection level and temperature, in a 10% albedo environment. The average gain is higher for outdoor performance than for indoor performance, due to variations in relative rear irradiance.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57828368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fischer, I. V. Vulcanean, S. Pingel, A. Moldovan, J. Rentsch
Within this paper, a systematic approach will be presented to specify the influence of defects caused by vacuum grippers onto silicon heterojunction solar cell parameters. The study focuses on the comparison between handling-induced defects originating from handling on the emitter or non-emitter side, and the comparison of handling-induced defects originating from handling before and after plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The analysis was carried out by means of J–V measurements on manufactured silicon heterojunction solar cells and by means of suns photoluminescence imaging measurements on solar cell precursors. It is shown that local insufficient passivated regions caused by handling before passivation not only cause a local electrical defect at the point of handling, but also affect a large area around the insufficient passivated region. This had a significant negative effect on fill factor, short-circuit current, open circuit voltage and efficiency, which was found to be more severe for wafers handled on the non-emitter side.
{"title":"Impact of handling defects towards SHJ cell parameters","authors":"A. Fischer, I. V. Vulcanean, S. Pingel, A. Moldovan, J. Rentsch","doi":"10.1051/epjpv/2022009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022009","url":null,"abstract":"Within this paper, a systematic approach will be presented to specify the influence of defects caused by vacuum grippers onto silicon heterojunction solar cell parameters. The study focuses on the comparison between handling-induced defects originating from handling on the emitter or non-emitter side, and the comparison of handling-induced defects originating from handling before and after plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The analysis was carried out by means of J–V measurements on manufactured silicon heterojunction solar cells and by means of suns photoluminescence imaging measurements on solar cell precursors. It is shown that local insufficient passivated regions caused by handling before passivation not only cause a local electrical defect at the point of handling, but also affect a large area around the insufficient passivated region. This had a significant negative effect on fill factor, short-circuit current, open circuit voltage and efficiency, which was found to be more severe for wafers handled on the non-emitter side.","PeriodicalId":42768,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Photovoltaics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57828242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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