Abstract According to prosecuting authorities, victims trafficked into sexual exploitation are difficult to identify; it seems even harder to find ‘appropriate’ victims willing to testify in court. This is often ascribed to ‘cultural differences’ rooted in their (supposedly) foreign origin. In our contribution, we show how counselling centres for trafficking victims in France and Germany help to identify victims and to make them more suitable for prosecuting authorities. In doing so, we argue that these counselling centres position themselves as indispensable ‘cultural translators’: they help public authorities understand the victims, and they help the victims understand public authorities, thus providing the basis for any criminal procedure. Despite very different structures and legal circumstances between France and Germany, we found a number of similarities in how staff at German and French counselling centres first establish such cultural differences as a given to then be able to bridge them. In doing so, we argue, they (even unintendedly) contribute to ethnicising and further othering their clients, especially highly marginalized ‘groups’ like ‘Nigerians’ and ‘Roma’. Keywords: State ethnography, NGOs, human trafficking, construction of cultural differences
{"title":"Caring for Victims of Human Trafficking: Staging and Bridging Cultural Differences in Germany and France","authors":"M. Darley, A. Dölemeyer","doi":"10.3790/soc.70.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/soc.70.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to prosecuting authorities, victims trafficked into sexual exploitation are difficult to identify; it seems even harder to find ‘appropriate’ victims willing to testify in court. This is often ascribed to ‘cultural differences’ rooted in their (supposedly) foreign origin. In our contribution, we show how counselling centres for trafficking victims in France and Germany help to identify victims and to make them more suitable for prosecuting authorities. In doing so, we argue that these counselling centres position themselves as indispensable ‘cultural translators’: they help public authorities understand the victims, and they help the victims understand public authorities, thus providing the basis for any criminal procedure. Despite very different structures and legal circumstances between France and Germany, we found a number of similarities in how staff at German and French counselling centres first establish such cultural differences as a given to then be able to bridge them. In doing so, we argue, they (even unintendedly) contribute to ethnicising and further othering their clients, especially highly marginalized ‘groups’ like ‘Nigerians’ and ‘Roma’. Keywords: State ethnography, NGOs, human trafficking, construction of cultural differences","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"70 1","pages":"19-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70194974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrique Alonso-Población, Alberto Fidalgo-Castro, María Jesús Pena-Castro
{"title":"Bargaining Kultura. Tensions Between Principles of Power Acquisition in Contemporary Timor-Leste","authors":"Enrique Alonso-Población, Alberto Fidalgo-Castro, María Jesús Pena-Castro","doi":"10.3790/SOC.68.2.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.68.2.107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43972090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 21 September 2009, the Hindu published an article titled, "Property dispute snowballs into tension". In the previous year a dispute over a funeral and the inheritance of a family property marked the beginning of a larger conflict in Kotagiri town and the surrounding Badaga villages. The local councils decided that the disputed land should be given to the family's only son, but his sisters were the legal owners and rejected this decision. This led to the excommunication of the sisters, and broader disputes about the status of traditional legal institutions and the autonomy of ethnic-based jurisdiction. The state interfered and traditional leaders were arrested. Within a few hours supporters of those leaders blocked roads and boycotted shops and schools. After intense negotiation and posting bail they were released. These events raised questions about tradition, gender, party politics, ethnic autonomy and the relationship to the state. In the years that followed, the conflict continued to influence other areas of social, economic, and ritual life. I argue that atmospheres, as the felt quality of the surrounding space, fanned the flames of the larger conflict. People who participated or witnessed public tension were emotionally affected. Fear, anger, anxiety, uncertainty and disappointment became dominant emotions. News transmitted electronically and in daily papers and TV spread tension. But the human body appeared as the most effective medium for the continuity of the larger conflict. Emotive states were stored in human bodies and carried to local bazaars and into the villages. Local atmospheres were interconnected and formed larger atmospheres.
{"title":"Stimmungslagen und mobile Akteure. Ein Konflikt in einer südindischen Kleinstadt 2008 bis 2012","authors":"Frank Heidemann","doi":"10.3790/SOC.68.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.68.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"On 21 September 2009, the Hindu published an article titled, \"Property dispute snowballs into tension\". In the previous year a dispute over a funeral and the inheritance of a family property marked the beginning of a larger conflict in Kotagiri town and the surrounding Badaga villages. The local councils decided that the disputed land should be given to the family's only son, but his sisters were the legal owners and rejected this decision. This led to the excommunication of the sisters, and broader disputes about the status of traditional legal institutions and the autonomy of ethnic-based jurisdiction. The state interfered and traditional leaders were arrested. Within a few hours supporters of those leaders blocked roads and boycotted shops and schools. After intense negotiation and posting bail they were released. These events raised questions about tradition, gender, party politics, ethnic autonomy and the relationship to the state. In the years that followed, the conflict continued to influence other areas of social, economic, and ritual life. I argue that atmospheres, as the felt quality of the surrounding space, fanned the flames of the larger conflict. People who participated or witnessed public tension were emotionally affected. Fear, anger, anxiety, uncertainty and disappointment became dominant emotions. News transmitted electronically and in daily papers and TV spread tension. But the human body appeared as the most effective medium for the continuity of the larger conflict. Emotive states were stored in human bodies and carried to local bazaars and into the villages. Local atmospheres were interconnected and formed larger atmospheres.","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48745461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper addresses the current appeal which entrepreneurship has among many better-off Kenyans. The paradoxical impression that Kenyans give up stable and secure employment to venture into their own business is resolved by looking at it from three different angles. First, the article looks into how employment is perceived today by Kenyans and shows that fixed employment has lost a lot of the attraction it used to hold both for those who are employed and those who left employment behind. Second, the concept of entrepreneurship is scrutinized by addressing the government’s changing stance towards small businesses and by questioning the common characteristic of the entrepreneur as a risk-taker. It is argued that against the background of widespread governmental support, entrepreneurship should instead be viewed as a security strategy in its own right. Third, the benefits of entrepreneurship, which employment cannot offer, are highlighted. The article thus explains Kenyan views on entrepreneurship ...
{"title":"“Employment Didn’t Give me Enough Security”. Why Entrepreneurship has Become an Opportunity and Security Measure for the Kenyan Middle Class","authors":"Maike Voigt","doi":"10.3790/SOC.68.2.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.68.2.171","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses the current appeal which entrepreneurship has among many better-off Kenyans. The paradoxical impression that Kenyans give up stable and secure employment to venture into their own business is resolved by looking at it from three different angles. First, the article looks into how employment is perceived today by Kenyans and shows that fixed employment has lost a lot of the attraction it used to hold both for those who are employed and those who left employment behind. Second, the concept of entrepreneurship is scrutinized by addressing the government’s changing stance towards small businesses and by questioning the common characteristic of the entrepreneur as a risk-taker. It is argued that against the background of widespread governmental support, entrepreneurship should instead be viewed as a security strategy in its own right. Third, the benefits of entrepreneurship, which employment cannot offer, are highlighted. The article thus explains Kenyan views on entrepreneurship ...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45224237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Kiribati is among the many islands in Oceania that are highly affected by anthropogenic climate change and has, as such, adopted a proactive role to deal with adaptation. The article analyses how the government brings together climate change discourses with its struggle for new rights and resources for the country. The awareness of anthropogenic climate change has generated new parameters for law-making processes and emerging legal orders. The article develops a new concept of how to frame the cultural and social impacts of climate change from a Pacific Island perspective, in order to overcome shortcomings of the widely-employed notions of ‘vulnerability’ and ‘resilience’ as frames for adaptation to climate change in Oceania. By employing the notion of climate change as a ‘travelling idea’, combined with the ‘anthropology of emerging legal orders’, the research perspective presented here enables us to analyse emerging social and legal orders that evolve in face of climate change and particular gl...
{"title":"Framing Climate Change Adaptation from a Pacific Island Perspective –The Anthropology of Emerging Legal Orders","authors":"S. Klepp","doi":"10.3790/SOC.68.2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.68.2.149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Kiribati is among the many islands in Oceania that are highly affected by anthropogenic climate change and has, as such, adopted a proactive role to deal with adaptation. The article analyses how the government brings together climate change discourses with its struggle for new rights and resources for the country. The awareness of anthropogenic climate change has generated new parameters for law-making processes and emerging legal orders. The article develops a new concept of how to frame the cultural and social impacts of climate change from a Pacific Island perspective, in order to overcome shortcomings of the widely-employed notions of ‘vulnerability’ and ‘resilience’ as frames for adaptation to climate change in Oceania. By employing the notion of climate change as a ‘travelling idea’, combined with the ‘anthropology of emerging legal orders’, the research perspective presented here enables us to analyse emerging social and legal orders that evolve in face of climate change and particular gl...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44027034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Afterword: Anthropology, Climate Change and Social-Ecological Transformations in the Anthropocene","authors":"M. Bollig","doi":"10.3790/SOC.68.1.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.68.1.85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the prairies of Alberta, Canada, winters are cold, wood is scarce. This place is home to Native Americans – many of them are highly educated nowadays. One summer, a young Native American Chief, college-educated and incapable of reading the signs of Mother Nature, was asked by his people how cold the next winter will be. Embarrassed of not mastering the traditional skills for predicting the weather, and to be on the safe side, he said to his people: ‘Well, I think this will be a pretty cold winter this year.’ He then sought help from his college friend, a meteorologist at the local Weather Channel station. ‘Tell me, Joshua, don’t you think we are facing a cold winter this year?’ Equally unable to predict the weather so far ahead, and also to be on the safe side, Joshua the meteorologist confirmed the Chief’s opinion: ‘Oh, I think this will be a really cold winter’, was his answer. So the Chief went back to his people and announced: ‘Folks, this year, I know, the winter will be particularly cold...
{"title":"Translating Climate Change. Anthropology and the Travelling Idea of Climate Change – Introduction","authors":"S. Wit, Arno Pascht, M. Haug","doi":"10.3790/SOC.68.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.68.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the prairies of Alberta, Canada, winters are cold, wood is scarce. This place is home to Native Americans – many of them are highly educated nowadays. One summer, a young Native American Chief, college-educated and incapable of reading the signs of Mother Nature, was asked by his people how cold the next winter will be. Embarrassed of not mastering the traditional skills for predicting the weather, and to be on the safe side, he said to his people: ‘Well, I think this will be a pretty cold winter this year.’ He then sought help from his college friend, a meteorologist at the local Weather Channel station. ‘Tell me, Joshua, don’t you think we are facing a cold winter this year?’ Equally unable to predict the weather so far ahead, and also to be on the safe side, Joshua the meteorologist confirmed the Chief’s opinion: ‘Oh, I think this will be a really cold winter’, was his answer. So the Chief went back to his people and announced: ‘Folks, this year, I know, the winter will be particularly cold...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70194382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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